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Buildings
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Cold-Formed Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design
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Cold-Formed Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 4472

Special Issue Editor

Dr. André Rafael Dias Martins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IDMEC (Mechanical Engineering Institute), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: thin-walled structures; computational mechanics; cold-formed steel (CFS); structural stability; coupled phenomena; generalised beam theory (GBT); structural reliability; direct strength method (DSM) design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cold-formed steel (CFS) structures have a wide range of applications in our daily lives. In civil engineering, they are commonly used as primary or secondary load-carrying structural elements, such as roof and wall members, purlins, steel framing, trusses, lattice beams or mezzanine floor beams. CFS members offer two significant advantages: high strength-to-weight ratios and the ability to manufacture a variety of profile shapes. However, the combination of them often results in members that are susceptible to complex buckling phenomena that structural engineers do not usually encounter in regular structural steel designs.

This Special Issue, entitled “Cold-formed Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design”, aims to discuss and disseminate the most recent theoretical, numerical, experimental and design advances related to cold-formed steel structures, including (but not limited to):

  • CFS members (carbon and stainless steel, including holes);
  • CFS built-up section members;
  • CFS connections, frames, walls and shear walls;
  • Coupling phenomena;
  • Seismic response of CFS structures;
  • Fire behaviour;
  • Design considerations (e.g., Direct Strength Method—DSM);
  • Experimental investigations;
  • Structural reliability;
  • Optimization applications.

Dr. André Rafael Dias Martins
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CFS members (carbon and stainless steel, including holes)
  • CFS built-up section members
  • CFS connections, frames, walls and shear walls
  • coupling phenomena
  • seismic response of CFS structures
  • fire behaviour
  • design considerations (e.g., Direct Strength Method—DSM)
  • experimental investigations
  • structural reliability
  • optimization applications

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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32 pages, 5646 KiB  
Article
Effects of Lip Length and Inside Radius-to-Thickness Ratio on Buckling Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel C-Sections
by Ardalan B. Hussein and Diyari B. Hussein
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030587 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 797
Abstract
Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections constructed with high-strength steel have gained prominence in construction owing to their advantages, including a high strength-to-weight ratio, shape flexibility, availability in long spans, portability, cost-effectiveness, and design versatility. However, the thin thickness of CFS members makes them susceptible [...] Read more.
Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections constructed with high-strength steel have gained prominence in construction owing to their advantages, including a high strength-to-weight ratio, shape flexibility, availability in long spans, portability, cost-effectiveness, and design versatility. However, the thin thickness of CFS members makes them susceptible to various forms of buckling. This study focuses on addressing and mitigating different types of buckling in columns and beams by manipulating the lip length (d) and the ratio of inside radius to thickness (Ri/t) in CFS C-sections. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive analysis involving 176 models was conducted through the Finite Element Method (FEM). The findings reveal that an increase in lip length leads to a corresponding increase in critical elastic buckling load and moment (Pcrl, Pcrd, Pcre, Mcrl, Mcrd, and Mcre). It is recommended to utilize a lip length greater than or equal to 15 mm for both columns and beams to mitigate various buckling types effectively. Conversely, an increase in the ratio of inside radius to thickness (Ri/t) results in an increase in critical elastic local buckling load (Pcrl) and moment (Mcrl). Thus, lip length (d) significantly influences column and beam buckling, whereas Ri/t exhibits a relatively impactful effect. Subsequently, the experimental test results were used to verify finite element models. These insights contribute significant knowledge for optimizing the design and performance of CFS C-sections in structural applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold-Formed Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design)
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24 pages, 23602 KiB  
Article
Performance of Novel U-Connector in CFS Truss-to-Column Bolted Connection under Axial Force
by Lazar Lukačević, Paulina Krolo, Antonio Bakran and Ivan Palijan
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1623; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071623 - 26 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the tensile and compressive behaviour of a novel U-connector in the cold-formed steel (CFS) truss-to-column connection. Tensile tests were performed on 12 specimens representing the tension chords of the trusses in the connection. The [...] Read more.
This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the tensile and compressive behaviour of a novel U-connector in the cold-formed steel (CFS) truss-to-column connection. Tensile tests were performed on 12 specimens representing the tension chords of the trusses in the connection. The results were used to validate a finite element model. The validated model was then subjected to both compressive and tensile loads, which revealed low stiffness in both the compressive and tensile components of the proposed connection. An optimisation of the geometry by using one long nut instead of two nuts was carried out to improve the behaviour and stiffness of the connection. The optimised results were compared with both experimental and numerical data, and conclusions were drawn regarding the effectiveness of the components in the proposed connection. The use of long-nut optimisation in the tension and compression components of the proposed connection shows a significant increase in load-bearing capacity, which makes it very promising for future applications in CFS truss-to-column connections. However, further validation through experimental testing is required to confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the connection in full-scale structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold-Formed Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design)
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Review

Jump to: Research

46 pages, 4209 KiB  
Review
State-of-the-Art: Integrating Fastener Technology and Design Guidelines for Enhanced Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Sections
by Ardalan B. Hussein and Ferenc Papp
Buildings 2023, 13(9), 2338; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092338 - 14 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1157
Abstract
Cold-formed steel (CFS) elements have gained significant attention in the field of structural engineering due to their numerous advantages, including high strength-to-weight ratio, cost-effectiveness, and ease of assembly and prefabrication. This review paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of the design and analysis [...] Read more.
Cold-formed steel (CFS) elements have gained significant attention in the field of structural engineering due to their numerous advantages, including high strength-to-weight ratio, cost-effectiveness, and ease of assembly and prefabrication. This review paper presents a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of the design and analysis of CFS structures, with a specific focus on columns and beams. The primary objectives and aims of this review paper are to provide a detailed assessment of the factors influencing the behavior and performance of CFS elements, including partial composite action, fastener spacing, bolt arrangement, web aperture, stiffeners, and connection spacing, to propose and present various formulas and methodologies that accurately estimate critical buckling loads, strength, and moment resistance for CFS members, and to emphasize the significance of proper screw and bolt placement in preventing premature failure and enhancing the overall load-carrying capacity of CFS structures. Additionally, the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties and performance of CFS members is discussed. The review paper proposes different formulas and methodologies to accurately estimate critical buckling loads, strength, and moment resistance for CFS members. Moreover, the paper highlights the importance of proper screw and bolt placement to prevent early failure and improve the overall load-carrying capacity of CFS structures. The discussion also emphasizes the need for revisions in existing standards and codes to provide more practical guidelines for designers and engineers. Overall, this state-of-the-art review paper provides valuable insights and recommendations for researchers and practitioners involved in the design and analysis of CFS elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold-Formed Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design)
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