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Buildings
Special Issues
Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure
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Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 20388

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jing Yu

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Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete; construction materials for marine and coastal infrastructures; smart and multi-functional cement-based materials; municipal solid waste recycling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bo-Tao Huang

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Guest Editor
Institute of Advanced Engineering Structures, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: resilient and sustainable infrastructures; sustainable building materials; advanced composites for construction; green construction techniques; high-performance concrete materials and structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hao-Liang Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
Interests: engineered/strain-hardening cementitious composites (ECC/SHCC); magnesium-based low-carbon materials; engineered environmental barriers; sustainable geomaterials; life cycle assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, many big cities have been subject to the challenges of increasing population, limited land and resources, aging buildings and infrastructure, environmental pollution, as well as urban resilience issues due to climate change and hazards. Developing “smart, green and resilient” cities to ensure that the cities of the future are livable, competitive, and sustainable is an emerging important research and development direction. Concrete is arguably one of the most important engineering materials in support of modern civilization. Many novel cementitious materials as well as innovative construction technologies have received tremendous interest in recent years.

This Special Issue aims to present the recent progress and latest findings on novel cementitious materials for resilient and sustainable buildings and infrastructure. We welcome high-quality original research papers and state-of-the-art reviews dealing with, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Material design and manufacturing;
  • Modeling and numerical simulation;
  • Structural design and performance;
  • Renovation, repair, and retrofitting;
  • Material characterization;
  • Mechanical and durability properties;
  • 3D concrete printing;
  • Modular integrated construction;
  • Lifecycle assessment.

Dr. Jing Yu
Dr. Bo-Tao Huang
Dr. Hao-Liang Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fiber-reinforced concrete
  • engineered cementitious composites (ECC)
  • ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)
  • low-carbon concrete
  • self-sensing concrete
  • self-healing concrete
  • alkali-activated materials
  • geopolymer concrete
  • 3D concrete printing
  • modular integrated construction

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 6014 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Corrugated Steel Fiber on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete of Different Strength Levels
by Vadim Soloviev and Evgenii Matiushin
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2591; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102591 - 13 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 820
Abstract
This article describes the influence of corrugated steel fiber on the mechanical properties and fracture energy of Ultra-High Performance Concretes (UHPC) of various strength levels. Three UHPC formulations with compressive strengths of 143, 152, and 177 MPa were tested. The following parameters for [...] Read more.
This article describes the influence of corrugated steel fiber on the mechanical properties and fracture energy of Ultra-High Performance Concretes (UHPC) of various strength levels. Three UHPC formulations with compressive strengths of 143, 152, and 177 MPa were tested. The following parameters for the formulations without fiber and those containing 2% steel fiber by volume were determined: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and critical stress intensity factor. From the axial tensile test results, the following parameters were obtained: the cracking stress, tensile strength, and fracture energy of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) of different strength levels. With the introduction of steel fiber, an increase in all the investigated parameters is observed regardless of the strength of the concrete matrix. The most remarkable influence the fiber has on the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and critical stress intensity coefficient, the increase is up to 1.6–3.2 times. There was a slight increase in compressive strength and elastic modulus—up to 5.0–7.4% depending on the composition. Poisson’s ratio was equal to 0.2 regardless of the strength of the concrete matrix and the presence of steel fiber. Based on the test results, equations were proposed to predict the properties of UHPC and UHPFRC depending on the water–cement ratio, silica fume content, cement compressive strength and the volumetric content of corrugated steel fiber. The calculated and experimental values showed good convergence with a correlation coefficient in the range of 0.885–0.997. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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13 pages, 3622 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Properties of SMA/PVA-ECC under Uniaxial Tensile Loading
by Zhao Yang, Jiankun Li, Yilan Zhong and Xiaolong Qi
Buildings 2023, 13(8), 2116; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082116 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 712
Abstract
Although shape memory alloy/Polyvinyl alcohol (SMA/PVA) hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites, (SMA/PVA-ECC) exhibit excellent crack closure and deformation recovery capabilities, however, the research on their fundamental mechanical properties is still limited. This study investigates the tensile mechanical properties of SMA/PVA-ECC materials by conducting [...] Read more.
Although shape memory alloy/Polyvinyl alcohol (SMA/PVA) hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites, (SMA/PVA-ECC) exhibit excellent crack closure and deformation recovery capabilities, however, the research on their fundamental mechanical properties is still limited. This study investigates the tensile mechanical properties of SMA/PVA-ECC materials by conducting uniaxial tensile tests, analyzing the failure behavior, stress–strain curves, and characteristic parameters of the specimens, comparing the influence of SMA fiber content and diameter, and establishing a tensile constitutive model. The results show that the residual crack width of SMA/PVA-ECC specimens significantly decreases after unloading, and SMA fiber content and diameter have a significant impact on the tensile properties of the specimens. The comprehensive tensile properties of specimens with a fiber diameter of 0.2 mm and content of 0.2% are the best, with their initial cracking strength, ultimate strength, and strain increasing by 56.4%, 23.6%, and 13.4%, respectively, compared to ECC specimens. The proposed bilinear tensile constitutive model has high accuracy. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on SMA/PVA-ECC materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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18 pages, 4467 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Fiber End on the Bonding Mechanical Properties between SMA Fibers and ECC Matrix
by Zhao Yang, Tingyu Deng and Qingshi Fu
Buildings 2023, 13(8), 2027; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082027 - 09 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 786
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of fiber end on the bonding mechanical properties between shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers and Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), this study designed and fabricated five groups of specimens with variations in SMA fiber end shape, diameter and [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the effect of fiber end on the bonding mechanical properties between shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers and Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), this study designed and fabricated five groups of specimens with variations in SMA fiber end shape, diameter and depth-to-diameter ratio. Direct tensile tests were conducted on these specimens under displacement control. The failure modes, stress–strain curves and various performance indicators were analyzed to evaluate the bonding mechanical properties and the effects of different factors. The results revealed that for straight-end SMA fibers, increasing the diameter and depth-to-diameter ratio both led to a decrease in bonding strength. On the other hand, the N-shaped end provided sufficient anchorage force for SMA fibers, resulting in a maximum pull-out stress of 926.3 MPa and a fiber strength utilization of over 78%. Increasing the fiber diameter enhanced the maximum pull-out stress and maximum anchorage stress for N-shaped-end SMA fibers but reduced the fiber strength utilization. These research findings provide a solid theoretical basis and data support for achieving a synergistic effect between SMA fibers and the ECC matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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17 pages, 7895 KiB  
Article
Influence of Complex Hydraulic Environments on the Mechanical Properties of Pile-Soil Composite Foundation in the Coastal Soft Soil Area of Zhuhai
by Xiaohai Fu, Jinze Li, Jiankun Liu, Zheng Hu and Changyi Tang
Buildings 2023, 13(2), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020563 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1366
Abstract
Based on a plain concrete pile composite foundation project in the coastal area of Zhuhai, considering the complex hydraulic load environment induced by tidal water-level changes, finite element simulations and parameter calibrations were carried out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of [...] Read more.
Based on a plain concrete pile composite foundation project in the coastal area of Zhuhai, considering the complex hydraulic load environment induced by tidal water-level changes, finite element simulations and parameter calibrations were carried out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of plain concrete pile composite foundation. The hardening soil small (HSS) model, which can be used to simulate the complex mechanical behavior of soft soil under small strain, was selected for modeling analysis. Model parameters were calibrated through resonance column tests, triaxial consolidation drainage loading and unloading shear tests. The complex hydraulic loads were analyzed, including the effects of cyclic tidal action and the sudden rise and fall of the water level induced by strong storm surges on the force, deformation of plain concrete piles, and the mechanical seepage properties of soft soil around piles. The results indicate that: (1) Compared with coastal soft soil in Shanghai, Zhoushan, Tianjin, and other areas, the soft soil in the Zhuhai area has a smaller dynamic shear modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle, and worse engineering properties. (2) The sudden rise of water level leads to a sudden change in the pore pressure of the groundwater, which induces a large deformation of the pile-soil composite foundation. If the foundation on the offshore (dike) side exhibits the most prominent deformation and foundation damage, such as uneven settlement is prone to occur. (3) The offshore side pile is most affected by the hydraulic loads. The deformation of the pile body along the pile body is uneven and the deformation of the upper pile body is relatively large, which may cause fracture damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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17 pages, 3843 KiB  
Article
Seismic Performance Analysis of RC Frames with ECC Short Columns Based on the IDA Method
by Chang Wu, Yanli Su, Chenhua Jin, Zuanfeng Pan and Shaoping Meng
Buildings 2022, 12(11), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111834 - 01 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1573
Abstract
Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a high-performance composite material with greater shear deformation and shear strength than normal concrete, which has been proposed for use as a shear component in structures. This study modeled three frames, a pure reinforced concrete (RC) frame, an [...] Read more.
Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a high-performance composite material with greater shear deformation and shear strength than normal concrete, which has been proposed for use as a shear component in structures. This study modeled three frames, a pure reinforced concrete (RC) frame, an RC frame with concrete short columns and an RC frame with ECC short columns, using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method to evaluate the contribution of ECC to the structural performance. A modified IMK model was applied to model the entire history of the mechanical behaviors of the short columns. The IDA curves, interfloor displacement angle distribution and limit state of the vertex displacement of the frames were analyzed to investigate the seismic responses of the frames. The model analysis results showed that an RC frame with short columns would form a weak layer on the floor where the short columns were located, which greatly weakened the seismic performance of the structure. ECC was certified to be effective in improving the shear formation of the short columns in the frames. The frame with ECC short columns improved the seismic performance of the structure to a certain extent relative to the frame with RC short columns. The deformation capacity of the frame with ECC short columns was close to that of the pure RC frame at the collapse level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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16 pages, 5233 KiB  
Article
Crack Self-Healing of Cement Mortar Containing Ureolytic Bacteria Immobilized in Artificial Functional Carrier under Different Exposure Environments
by Mian Luo, Ye Liu, Xu Li and Junjie Dai
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091348 - 01 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
The ureolytic bacteria and nutrients were immobilized in the artificial functional carrier (AFC) and the self-healing cement mortar, based on the AFC-encapsulated bacteria, was prepared for this paper. The crack self-healing effect of mortars with and without bacteria under different exposure environments (standard [...] Read more.
The ureolytic bacteria and nutrients were immobilized in the artificial functional carrier (AFC) and the self-healing cement mortar, based on the AFC-encapsulated bacteria, was prepared for this paper. The crack self-healing effect of mortars with and without bacteria under different exposure environments (standard curing, dry–wet cycle curing, and water curing) was investigated by the visual observation of surface and internal cracks, water permeability tests, and mechanical performance recovery. In addition, the internal healing products of the cracks were observed using the metallographic microscope. The results show that the mortar specimens containing ureolytic bacteria immobilized in artificial functional carrier have a higher crack area repair ratio, and better water tightness regain and recovery ratio of flexural strength compared with the control mortars under the same exposure environment. The self-healing effect of mortar cracks with and without bacteria is obviously affected by the exposure environments. The self-healing effect of the cracks are the best when the mortar specimens are cured in water, followed by dry–wet cycle curing, and the self-healing effect of the cracks is the worst in standard curing, indicating that the presence of water is necessary for crack self-healing. The mortar specimens with bacteria generate more repair products in the surface and interior of the cracks to greatly improve the self-repair ability of the specimens, which promotes the recovery of water tightness and mechanical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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18 pages, 6088 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Shear Performance of Short Stud Shear Connectors in Steel–UHPC Composite Beams
by Zhen Fang, Shu Fang and Feng Liu
Buildings 2022, 12(4), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040418 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
Steel–ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams offer numerous advantages, such as structural self-weight reduction, bending stiffness improvement, and tensile cracking limitation in slabs. However, few studies have focused on the shear performance of short stud shear connectors in steel–UHPC composite structures. To this end, [...] Read more.
Steel–ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams offer numerous advantages, such as structural self-weight reduction, bending stiffness improvement, and tensile cracking limitation in slabs. However, few studies have focused on the shear performance of short stud shear connectors in steel–UHPC composite structures. To this end, push-out tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of slab thickness, stud diameter, and casting method on the failure mode, load–slip relationship, ultimate shear strength, shear stiffness, and ductility. The test results indicate that by increasing the slab thickness from 50 to 75 mm, the stud shear capacity and initial shear stiffness were improved by 11.38% and 23.28%, respectively. The stud shear capacity and initial shear stiffness for specimens with stud diameters of 25 mm were 1.29 and 1.23 times that of their 22-mm-diameter counterparts. In addition, adopting precast UHPC slabs could achieve comparative shear resistance (94.91%) but a better slip capacity (108.94%) than those containing conventional monolithic cast slabs. Based on the experimental results, a finite element (FE) model was established to reflect the plastic behavior of the tests and the damage process in the short stud shear connectors. Based on the validated FE model, a parameter study was then performed to further explore the influence of the stud diameter, stud tensile strength, steel beam tensile strength, monolithic slab concrete strength, precast slab concrete strength, and shear pocket concrete strength on the shear performance of short studs in steel–UHPC composite structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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25 pages, 54462 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Precast High-Strength Concrete Segmental Beams with External Tendons and Dry Joints
by Zebin Hu, Zhenming Xu, Shufeng Zhang, Haibo Jiang, Yuanhang Chen and Jie Xiao
Buildings 2022, 12(2), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020134 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7573
Abstract
Precast high-strength concrete segmental beams with external tendons and dry joints (ED-PHCSBs) have become a potential alternative for achieving accelerated bridge construction due to their lighter self-weight and easier installation. In order to investigate the shear behavior of ED-PHCSBs, eight precast concrete segmental [...] Read more.
Precast high-strength concrete segmental beams with external tendons and dry joints (ED-PHCSBs) have become a potential alternative for achieving accelerated bridge construction due to their lighter self-weight and easier installation. In order to investigate the shear behavior of ED-PHCSBs, eight precast concrete segmental specimens were fabricated and tested to failure. For comparison purposes, one externally prestressed high-strength concrete monolithic beam was also investigated. The primary parameters, including concrete strength, shear span-depth ratio, stirrup ratio, joint number, and joint location, were adopted. Test results indicated that increasing the concrete strength or stirrup ratio can effectively improve the shear capacity of the ED-PHCSBs. The shear span-depth ratio was inversely proportional to shear strength for all specimens. The results also revealed that the joint number had a marginal effect on the defections and stresses of the external tendons of ED-PHCSBs. AASHTO 2017 and Chinese code 2018 can conservatively estimate the shear strength of ED-PHCSBs. Considering the actual failure modes of the precast beams, a calculation method based on a modified strut-and-tie model was proposed. The average and standard deviation of the ratios of the test results to the predicted value of the proposed method were 0.98 and 0.08, respectively. It indicated that the proposed formula was more accurate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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Review

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23 pages, 33799 KiB  
Review
An Overview of the Application of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites in Spray Repair of Drainage Pipes
by Shun Dong, Dianchang Wang, Erqing Hui, Chao Gao, Han Zhang and Yaosheng Tan
Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051119 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2046
Abstract
The structural performance of buried drainage pipes is gradually deteriorating under the influence of external loads and chemical and microbial corrosion. It is crucial to reinforce them and improve their bearing capacity for safe use. One of the important technologies used to extend [...] Read more.
The structural performance of buried drainage pipes is gradually deteriorating under the influence of external loads and chemical and microbial corrosion. It is crucial to reinforce them and improve their bearing capacity for safe use. One of the important technologies used to extend the service life of deteriorated pipes is the use of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) for spray repair. Combined with the current situation of drainage pipes, this article introduces the basic properties of FRCC, briefly describes the requirements for material performance for drainage pipe spraying rehabilitation, reviews the structural bearing capacity of drainage pipes repaired by spraying with FRCC, and discusses the relevant research and engineering applications of the spraying method. Studies show that FRCC has high strength and corrosion resistance, and excellent sprayability. The structural performance of the host pipe is significantly improved after repair, but measures should be taken to enhance the interfacial bonding performance during the repair. In the design of the liner wall thickness, there is no unified calculation theory, and the existing methods have not considered the influence of secondary load on the structure. It is recommended to combine the type of pipe defects and the degree of deterioration in further study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cementitious Materials for Resilient and Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructure)
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