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Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems

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A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 May 2024 | Viewed by 13304

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiaowei Wang

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Guest Editor

Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Interests: bridge resilience; risk; earthquake engineering; liquefaction; scour; shake-table tests; machine learning
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Dr. Chao Li

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: offshore structures; multiple hazards; simulation of spatial ground motions; performance analysis; risk assessment
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Dr. Jian Zhong

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Guest Editor

College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: bridge engineering; earthquake engineering; risk; resilience; near-fault ground motions; spatially variable seismic effects
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Dr. Weiping Wen

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Guest Editor

School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Interests: earthquake engineering; urban resilience; digital twin; artificial intelligence; subway system; seismic risk
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Dr. Suiwen Wu

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Guest Editor

College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Interests: physics-based earthquake ground motion simulation; seismic resilience; high-performance bridges; near-fault effect; irregular bridges; seismic isolation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traditional deterministic approaches are somehow on course to be replaced by risk-based methods for the seismic analysis and design of structures and infrastructure systems. A noted merit of risk analysis is the provision of a broader set of rigorous performance indicators accounting for various sources of uncertainties involved in earthquake hazard analysis, infrastructure exposure modeling, and structural-damage assessment, particularly from a view of life-cycle management for aging infrastructure facilities under an increasingly deteriorating built environment. A reliable risk analysis is therefore crucial for pre-event planning and post-event restoration decision making.

In that respect, we are delighted to announce a Special Issue on seismic risk analysis and the management of structure systems, which is motivated by the increasing interest in developing risk-informed approaches and techniques for this topic. This Special Issue aims to advance the state of the art and state of the practice in seismic risk analysis and management of both singular structures and interdependent infrastructure systems, including bridges, buildings, distributed lifeline structures, etc. Physics-based and/or data-driven risk analyses for infrastructure systems at regional levels are particularly welcome. Manuscripts published in the Special Issue will reflect original research and technological development on topics that include, but are not limited to:

Approaches for fragility and risk analysis of structures.
Data-driven computational mechanics for risk assessment.
Risk-informed maintenance policies for infrastructure systems.
City-level risk and/or resilience assessment.
Lifetime risk assessment of aging structures.
Multi-hazard risk analysis of structures and infrastructure systems.
Risk-based case study of special structures.
Effects of temporally and/or spatially varied ground motions on structures.
Effects of climate change and climate adaptation.

Dr. Xiaowei Wang
Dr. Chao Li
Dr. Jian Zhong
Dr. Weiping Wen
Dr. Suiwen Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

structure and infrastructure
earthquake engineering
seismic risk
risk mitigation and management
life-cycle analysis
resilience assessment
data-driven approaches
multi-hazard analysis

Related Special Issue

Seismic Safety Assessment and Strengthening of Existing Constructions in Buildings (13 articles)

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 5364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Equivalent Linearization and Parameter Optimization of the Negative Stiffness Bistable Damper

by Liming Fan, Chen Huang and Linsheng Huo

Buildings 2024, 14(3), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030744 - 10 Mar 2024

Viewed by 506

Abstract

The negative stiffness bistable damper (NSBD) was proposed to suppress structural dynamic responses in our previous study. The vibration mitigation performance of the NSBD is influenced by its design parameters, including negative stiffness, cubic stiffness, and damping coefficients. However, it is extremely challenging to directly acquire the ideal design parameters of the NSBD owing to its inherent nonlinearity. To address this disadvantage, the optimal design approach for the NSBD, based on the equivalent linearization method (ELM) and genetic algorithm (GA), is presented in this paper. The nonlinear NSBD system can be transformed to a linear system utilizing the ELM based on the pseudo-excitation method (PEM). The linearization model that corresponds to the nonlinear NSBD is fairly accurate in its approximation and can be indicated from the numerical results. Then, the main structure’s peak response is minimized through the optimization of the design parameters of the NSBD using the H∞ norm and GA. Moreover, the proposed approach’s effectiveness is assessed using the optimal parameters to calculate the displacement responses of a tall building equipped with the NSBD during various seismic excitations. As revealed by the numerical results, the displacement of the tall building can be effectively restrained by the optimized NSBD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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18 pages, 19212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Embedded Expanded Polystyrene Boards on the Hysteretic Behavior of Innovative Precast Braced Concrete Shear Walls

by Yachao Tang and Hongnan Li

Buildings 2024, 14(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010055 - 24 Dec 2023

Viewed by 724

Abstract

An innovative type of precast braced concrete shear (PBCS) wall has been tested and verified to have comparable shear resistances relative to conventional cast-in-place reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. The triangular or rectangular embedded expanded polystyrene (EPS) boards in PBCS wall panels can not only considerably reduce concrete use but also reduce the structural weight. To understand the functions of EPS boards in more depth, this paper investigates the effects of the thickness ratio of different shapes of EPS on the hysteretic behaviors of PBCS walls with various shear span ratios (SSRs). The finite element (FE) models of PBCS walls based on the multi-layer shell element are developed and verified to be sufficiently accurate in comparison with the experimental results. The analysis results indicate that the bearing capacity, lateral stiffness and ductility of PBCS walls show a downward trend with the increase in the thickness ratio of EPS boards. The rectangular EPS board has a more pronounced effect on weight reduction as well as concrete use reduction compared to the triangular EPS board under the same thickness ratio. The formulations regarding the bearing capacity are developed and show good agreement with the numerical results. The thickness ratio limit for PBCS walls to satisfy the ductility requirement is addressed. This investigation not only provides insight into the cyclic behavior of PBCS walls with varied thickness ratios but also demonstrates the potential applicability of PBCS walls in precast concrete (PC) structures for both thermal insulation and earthquake resistance purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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18 pages, 4914 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hysteretic Model for RC Columns Based on Effective Hysteretic Energy Dissipation with Positive and Negative Directions

by Ge Zhang, Baitao Sun and Wen Bai

Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051140 - 25 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1331

Abstract

Accurately simulating the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under cyclic loading is crucial in performance-based seismic design for building structures, especially regarding strength degradation. This paper presents the description, calibration and simulation of the hysteretic model for RC columns based on effective hysteretic energy dissipation with positive and negative directions. During the analysis of previous experimental data, the relationship between hysteresis energy dissipation, maximum displacement, and the effects of positive and negative loading directions on strength degradation has been summarized. The proposed method for determining the yield strength of the hysteresis loop is based on the farthest point method. Calibration of the hysteretic models’ existing RC columns’ experimental data demonstrates that the proposed model can simulate the main characteristics that influence deterioration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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15 pages, 5055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Damage “Semaphore” Based on the Fundamental Period Variation: A Probabilistic Seismic Demand Assessment of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames

by Sergio A. Díaz, Luis A. Pinzón, Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate and René S. Mora-Ortiz

Buildings 2023, 13(4), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041009 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 969

Abstract

During strong earthquakes, structural damage usually occurs, resulting in a degradation of the overall stiffness of the affected structures. This degradation produces a modification in the dynamic properties of the structures, for instance, in the fundamental period of vibration (T₁). Hence, the variation of T₁ could be used as an indicator of seismic structural damage. In this article, a seismic damage assessment in four generic typologies of steel buildings was carried focused on verifying the variation of T₁. To do so, several seismic damage states were calculated using the maximum inter-story drift ratio, MIDR, and following the Risk-UE guidelines. Then, a series of probabilistic nonlinear static analyses was implemented using Monte Carlo simulations. The probabilistic approach allows one to vary the main mechanical properties of the buildings, thus analyzing in this research 4000 buildings (1000 building samples for each of the four generic typologies). The variation of T₁ was estimated using the capacity spectrum, and it was related to the MIDR for each damage state. As a main result of this study, the expected variation of T₁ for several damage states is provided. Finally, a proposal for a seismic damage preventive “semaphore” and fragility curves are presented. These results may be useful as parameters or criteria in the evaluation of on-site structural monitoring for steel buildings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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18 pages, 6736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigation of the Tensile Properties with Bending of CFRP Tendons in Suspension Bridges

by Lijun Jia, Wenchao Zhang, Jiawei Xu and Yang Jiang

Buildings 2023, 13(4), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040988 - 08 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 986

Abstract

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has gradually become a new material to replace traditional steel due to its outstanding advantages. Because of its poor transverse stress performance, there is a reduction effect on the tensile strength in the bending state. To study the mechanical properties of CFRP tendons subjected to combined tension and bending at the saddle of a suspension bridge, a series of bond-type anchorages were made. Specimens with different diameters of CFRP tendons were tensioned on the device with different bending radius saddles. The test results revealed that the tensile properties were significantly affected by the severity of the bending of the CFRP tendons, including the failure mode, fracture force, and stress distribution. The highest reduction in fracture force was found at the bending radius of 3 m, of up to 38.05%. Furthermore, the tensile properties were also found to be influenced by the diameter of CFRP tendons. It was found that increasing the bending radius was more conducive to improving the performance of CFRP tendons with a smaller diameter. When the bending radius increased from 3 to 12 m, the efficiency coefficient (the ratio of the fracture force to the ultimate force) of D8, D10, and D14 increased by 11.21%, 7.74%, and 2.26%, respectively. Decreasing the bending radius leads to unevenness of the stress distribution and increasing the diameter of the CFRP tendon leads to brittleness and difficulties in anchoring, thus resulting in the decrease in the efficiency coefficient. In addition, the ratio of the bending radius to the tendon diameter was less than 2.4, the efficiency coefficient of the specimen was less than 80%, and the specimen mostly suffered shear failure. Furthermore, the finite element (FE) models validated by the test results were used to reveal the stress state and study the effect of contact friction on the properties of CFRP tendons. The FE results show that the CFRP tendons with a smaller bending radius presented higher shear stress concentrations. As the contact friction increased, the load-bearing capacity of CFRP tendons decreased significantly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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29 pages, 7552 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collapse Assessment of Mid-Rise RC Dual Wall-Frame Buildings Subjected to Subduction Earthquakes

by Marco F. Gallegos, Gerardo Araya-Letelier, Diego Lopez-Garcia and Pablo F. Parra

Buildings 2023, 13(4), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040880 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1967

Abstract

In Chile, office buildings are typically reinforced concrete (RC) structures whose lateral load-resisting system comprises core structural walls and perimeter moment frames (i.e., dual wall-frame system). In the last 20 years, nearly 800 new dual wall-frame buildings have been built in the country and roughly 70% of them have less than ten stories. Although the seismic performance of these structures was deemed satisfactory in previous earthquakes, their actual collapse potential is indeed unknown. In this study, the collapse performance of Chilean code-conforming mid-rise RC buildings is assessed considering different hazard levels (i.e., high and moderate seismic activity) and different soil types (i.e., stiff and moderately stiff). Following the FEMA P-58 methodology, 3D nonlinear models of four representative structural archetypes were subjected to sets of Chilean subduction ground motions. Incremental dynamic analysis was used to develop collapse fragilities. The results indicate that the archetypes comply with the ‘life safety’ risk level defined in ASCE 7, which is consistent with the observed seismic behavior in recent mega-earthquakes in Chile. However, the collapse risk is not uniform. Differences in collapse probabilities are significant, which might indicate that revisions to the current Chilean seismic design code might be necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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21 pages, 7801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency of an Improved Grouted Corrugated Duct (GCD) Connection Design for Precast Concrete Bridge Pier: Numerical and Parametric Study

by Zhiqiang Wang, Chengjun Wu, Hongya Qu and Wei Xiao

Buildings 2023, 13(1), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010227 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1501

Abstract

In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) has been conducted for an improved grouted corrugated duct (GCD) connection design with a reserved recess in bridge footing. This study aims to understand the damage progression mechanism and to evaluate the contribution of each component in the improved GCD connection design. Numerical model based on the experimental results are first created, validated and calibrated. It is found that the confining effect (support and friction force) provided by recess sidewall keeps the connection in good integrity. It also prevents early deformation and early development of transverse cracks along the connection interface, which further avoids the damage concentration at connection joint, transfers the plastic hinge region. Parametric study is then carried out by considering different recess depths, cushion thicknesses, recess diameters, and mortar strengths. The effect of recess details on mechanical behavior is thus studied. Recess depth can be designed as 6–20% of the column section size to ensure a higher upper limit of overall strength and ductility, and it also influences the stress distribution area of the joint local. The stiffness and strength of recess control the local damage, while has limited impact on the overall performance. In addition, preliminary suggestions on the GCD design of recess depth, thickness of mortar cushion, recess diameter, the strength of mortar are proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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14 pages, 2761 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Risk Mitigation and Management for Critical Infrastructures Using an RMIR Indicator

by Alon Urlainis and Igal M. Shohet

Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101748 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1401

Abstract

Recent earthquake events have highlighted the importance of critical infrastructure (CI) resilience, as a strong correlation was found between economic loss and severity of CI damage. CIs are characterized by a complex structure composed of sub-components that are essential for the continuous performance of the system. CI owners and governments allocate ample resources to retrofitting and upgrading CI systems and components to increase the resilience of CIs and reduce risk in case of seismic events. Governments and decision makers must manage and optimize the retrofitting efforts to meet budget and time constraints. This research presents a probabilistic methodology for CI seismic risk mitigation and management. The risk expectancy is appraised according to an FTA-based stochastic simulation. The simulation includes the development of exclusive fragility curves for the CI and an examination of the expected damage distribution as a function of earthquake intensity and fragility uncertainty of the components. Furthermore, this research proposes a novel RMIR (risk mitigation to investment ratio) indicator for the priority setting of seismic mitigation alternatives. The RMIR is a quantitative indicator that evaluates each alternative’s cost-effectiveness in terms of risk expectancy mitigation. Following the alternative’s RMIR value, it is possible to prioritize the alternatives meeting budget and time constraints. This paper presents the implementation of the proposed methodology through a case study of a generic oil pumping station. The case study includes twelve mitigation alternatives examined and evaluated according to the RMIR indicator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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13 pages, 5995 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study of the Seismic Performance of a Prefabricated Frame Rocking Wall Structure

by Fuwen Zhang, Xiangmin Li, Zhuolin Wang, Kun Tian, Kent A. Harries and Qingfeng Xu

Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1714; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101714 - 17 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1284

Abstract

This paper proposes a prefabricated frame rocking wall (PFRW) structure system in which beams, columns, and rocking walls are all prefabricated components. The rocking wall and the frame are connected by energy-dissipating connectors, and three prestressed tendons are arranged inside the rocking wall. A quasi-static test for the PFRW structure and a conventional frame (CF) structure was conducted. The research results show that the seismic load-resisting capacity of the PFRW structure is increased by about 190% relative to the CF structure, and the energy dissipation coefficient of the PFRW structure is increased to twice that of the CF structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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Review

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28 pages, 5708 KiB

Open AccessReview

Experimental, Theoretical and Numerical Research Progress on Dynamic Behaviors of RC Structural Members

by Rouhan Li, Mao Gao, Hongnan Li, Chao Li and Debin Wang

Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051359 - 22 May 2023

Viewed by 1235

Abstract

In this paper, research on dynamic behaviors of RC structural members was reviewed using experimental, theoretical and numerical perspectives. First, in a basic overview, measurement methods, main conclusions and current limitations of available dynamic loading tests were presented. Then, theoretical studies on the dynamic constitutive models of RC materials, the dynamic increase factor (DIF) model for concrete and reinforced steel and proposed modified models of dynamic behavior parameters at the structural member level were summarized. Finally, the available modeling approach and method for incorporating dynamic effects in numerical simulations of RC structures were reviewed. Moreover, the work involved a brief introduction to a dynamic hysteretic model established using experimental data, which was designed to provide an alternative approach to the commonly-used DIF method for considering these dynamic effects. This paper, therefore, aimed to provide a valuable reference for experimental studies and numerical simulations on the dynamic behaviors of RC structures—while also putting forward issues that need to be addressed by future work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Risk Analysis and Management of Structure Systems)

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