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Buildings
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Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials
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Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 6790

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nicoleta Cobîrzan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering and Management, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: masonry and concrete buildings; characterization of materials; sustainability
Dr. Radu Muntean

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
Interests: sustainable building materials and technologies; management; timber and concrete structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy consumers must take actions toward decarbonisation in the construction field by integrating clean energy, efficient and nonintensive materials, and ecofriendly technologies for sustainable built environments. This Special Issue aims to disseminate high-quality original research articles and reviews on combined cementitious building materials, focusing on innovative designs and sustainable production or uses in construction.

This Special Issue, entitled “Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials”, covers various research topics, such as (but not limited to):

  • Novel composites for sustainable constructions;
  • Fiber-reinforced composites for construction applications;
  • Nanotechnology used for building materials;
  • Waste used for new, ecofriendly cementitious building materials;
  • Natural materials as partial replacement of binder or aggregates;
  • Properties, microstructural characterization, and performance;
  • Modeling and nondestructive assessments;
  • Processing and manufacturing;
  • New practical applications;
  • Advanced machine learning techniques and digital fabrication;
  • Life cycle assessment of cement-based materials.

Dr. Nicoleta Cobîrzan
Dr. Radu Muntean
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cement-based composites
  • sustainability
  • environmental friendly technology
  • recycle
  • recover
  • nanotechnology
  • fiber-reinforced composites
  • machine learning techniques
  • prefabrication of cementitious materials
  • life cycle assessment of cement-based materials
  • cost-benefit analysis

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3882 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation into the Evolution of Probabilistic Characteristics of Early-Age Concrete
by Giuseppe Ciaramella Moita, Eduardo M. R. Fairbairn, Romildo D. Toledo Filho and Pierre Rossi
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030668 - 02 Mar 2024
Viewed by 453
Abstract
This paper presents original findings on the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of concrete of an early age, dependent on the evolution of the hydration reaction. The properties investigated are the compressive strength, the Young’s modulus, and the flexural tensile strength. To achieve [...] Read more.
This paper presents original findings on the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of concrete of an early age, dependent on the evolution of the hydration reaction. The properties investigated are the compressive strength, the Young’s modulus, and the flexural tensile strength. To achieve this, we employed a testing apparatus in which the samples underwent curing in a chamber that followed the same temperature profile as an adiabatic calorimeter. This method enabled us to monitor the hydration progress across multiple samples. We used a function derived from the literature, with specific adaptations, to model the evolution of normalized properties in relation to hydration. Heterogeneity was quantified through the use of the dispersion coefficient. The key finding of this study is that the dispersion coefficient for the analyzed mechanical properties diminishes with the advancement of hydration, until reaching a specific threshold. Beyond this point, the impact of microcracking on the various properties becomes increasingly pronounced, varying according to the particular property being examined. Moreover, this paper presents initial functions designed to offer formulas that assist in modeling concrete within probabilistic numerical simulations from the early stages of its development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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19 pages, 9320 KiB  
Article
Determination of ASR in Concrete Using Characterization Methods
by Murat Doğruyol
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030657 - 01 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 836
Abstract
Basaltic rocks are the main source of local crushed rock aggregate for concrete in their region. Basaltic rocks are also potential rocks for alkali–silica reaction (ASR). ASR is a complex mechanism that deteriorates concrete via creating volumetric expansion over time between the reactive [...] Read more.
Basaltic rocks are the main source of local crushed rock aggregate for concrete in their region. Basaltic rocks are also potential rocks for alkali–silica reaction (ASR). ASR is a complex mechanism that deteriorates concrete via creating volumetric expansion over time between the reactive silica in the aggregate and the alkali components in Portland cement. However, due to the multi-scale nature of this long-term phenomenon, understanding its mechanism in concrete structures remains difficult to assess. In this study, the morphology and analytical composition of three groups of concrete prepared with basalt aggregate, basalt aggregate with 20% fly ash substitution of cement, and limestone aggregate were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX); it was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) and compared with the ASR structure. The (Na + K)/Si and Ca/Si ratios in SEM/EDX analysis and the water peaks in FT-IR and TGA analyses will help to determine the footprint of ASR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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16 pages, 7342 KiB  
Article
An Innovative Fire-Resistant Lightweight Concrete Infill Wall Reinforced with Waste Glass
by Ali Ghamari, Aleksandra Powęzka, Violetta K. Kytinou and Ali Amini
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030626 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 615
Abstract
In this paper, an innovative infill wall is proposed and examined experimentally and parametrically. The proposed wall has an innovative design and is constructed with lightweight concrete strengthened by waste glass. The proposed wall not only demonstrates robust performance against out-of-plane loading, but [...] Read more.
In this paper, an innovative infill wall is proposed and examined experimentally and parametrically. The proposed wall has an innovative design and is constructed with lightweight concrete strengthened by waste glass. The proposed wall not only demonstrates robust performance against out-of-plane loading, but also exhibits exceptional behavior under elevated temperatures. Additionally, the necessary equations used to predict the wall’s behavior are also presented. The results reveal that glass powders affect weight loss. During the initial temperature application, ranging up to 600 °C, specimens with 0% and 8% glass powder experienced maximum and minimum weight loss, respectively. At 200 °C, glass powder concentrations below 4% caused a reduction in compressive strength, fc′, while concentrations between 4% and 8% led to an increase in fc′. Consequently, the optimal glass powder volume was determined to be 6% for specimens under varying temperature conditions. The out-of-plane loading tests indicated that although the wall was exposed to heat up to 800 °C, the resistance did not decrease significantly. Given its role as a non-load-bearing wall without the application of gravity, this innovative structure is anticipated to perform admirably in fire scenarios during seismic events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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17 pages, 8190 KiB  
Article
Study on the Mechanical Properties of MiC Formworks with Different Material Components
by Qiong Wang, Dan Yang and Dong Chen
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 2977; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122977 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Modular integrated construction (MiC) is a new type of assembled building structure system that consists of prefabricated concrete modules connected using post-cast concrete. To reduce material consumption and realize casting without supporting molds, thin and lightweight concrete formworks (MiC formworks) with a thickness [...] Read more.
Modular integrated construction (MiC) is a new type of assembled building structure system that consists of prefabricated concrete modules connected using post-cast concrete. To reduce material consumption and realize casting without supporting molds, thin and lightweight concrete formworks (MiC formworks) with a thickness of 30 mm are installed as part of the shear wall. Due to the thinness, concrete pouring tends to cause MiC formwork cracking, mold rising, and other problems. Its stress performance and damage mechanism are not clear. For this reason, three groups of MiC formworks with different material composition types are designed. The static load test is carried out in a graded partition loading mode, and parametric analysis is combined with numerical simulation to systematically study the influence of different material components on the mechanical properties of MiC formworks. The results show that the front cracks of the MiC formworks are mainly distributed under the truss tendons, and the back cracks are mainly distributed in the span position of the adjacent truss tendons. These cracks both occur along the span direction of the MiC formworks. Increasing the concrete strength has a significant effect on improving the load-bearing capacity of MiC formworks, while incorporating steel fibers can significantly improve its deformation and crack resistance. Parametric analysis showed that the steel fiber admixture exhibited limited improvements in the cracking resistance of the panels as the concrete matrix grade increased. The research results provide a practical basis for optimizing the production process of MiC formworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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17 pages, 9994 KiB  
Article
Highlighting the Characteristics of Roman Mortars from Ovidiu’s Quadriburgium Archaeological Site, Romania
by Nicolae Costin Mociu, Carmen Elena Maftei, Ionela Carazeanu Popovici, Georgeta Voicu, Constantin Buta and Madalina Stanescu
Buildings 2023, 13(3), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030672 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1267
Abstract
This study examines the mortar materials used in the construction of the walls at the Archaeological Roman Fortification site (Ovidiu, Romania) on the shore of Siutghiol Lake. Several analyses were conducted to determine the mortars’ basic physical properties, mineralogical composition, and microstructural characteristics [...] Read more.
This study examines the mortar materials used in the construction of the walls at the Archaeological Roman Fortification site (Ovidiu, Romania) on the shore of Siutghiol Lake. Several analyses were conducted to determine the mortars’ basic physical properties, mineralogical composition, and microstructural characteristics in order to describe the mortars used in the construction of the Roman fortress. The investigation utilized X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDAX), and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The results indicated that siliceous aggregates and lime binders were used in the production of the studied mortars, the structure was constructed in the sixth century, and the raw materials used to construct the site are of local origin. Using the methods mentioned above, there is the possibility of recreating the fortification’s mortar formula using contemporary materials and recommending intervention materials for the preservation of the archaeology of the Roman Fortification. Furthermore, this study opens up many other research opportunities regarding the reuse of mortars extracted from archaeological sites in the rehabilitation process by integrating them into new mortar recipes that can then be tested to compare the results with those obtained from standardized recipes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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13 pages, 8061 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials—Part 1: Crumb Rubber Concrete
by Alexandra Cojocaru, Dorina Nicolina Isopescu, Sebastian George Maxineasa and Sergiu George Petre
Buildings 2023, 13(2), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020324 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1266
Abstract
The energy performance of buildings and the high consumption of traditional building materials are considered to be the most important aspects that are related to the implementation of the sustainability concept in the construction industry with respect to the natural environment. At the [...] Read more.
The energy performance of buildings and the high consumption of traditional building materials are considered to be the most important aspects that are related to the implementation of the sustainability concept in the construction industry with respect to the natural environment. At the same time, another important global ecological problem is represented by different types of waste resulting from existing industries. Therefore, it is necessary that civil engineering specialists find new solutions and materials that can improve the thermal and environmental performances of buildings by taking into consideration the large amounts of existing waste. Taking into account the fact that concrete is the most used material in the construction sector and that concrete elements have a significant influence over the overall energy performance of a building, the present paper takes under observation the use of tire rubber waste as a replacement for concrete aggregates. This study considers a replacement of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the 4–8 mm aggregates with crumb rubber cylindrical granules. The resulting values show an improvement in the thermal performance, but at the same time, the mechanical properties are reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of Advanced and Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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