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Buildings
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Sustainable Cement-Based Materials
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Sustainable Cement-Based Materials

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 9432

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Blessen Skariah Thomas

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India
Interests: concrete technology; supplementary cementitious materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sudharshan N. Raman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: fiber-reinforced cementitious composites: materials, processes and structural applications; circular economy and waste valorization in construction; sustainable processes in structural engineering; behaviour of concrete structures under impulsive loadings
Dr. K. I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Interior Design, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
Interests: green building materials; solid waste utilization in concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of the open access journal Buildings that will be dedicated to “Sustainable Cement-Based Materials”. Due to the continuous advancement in construction technology, the requirements for construction materials have gradually increased. The materials to reduce our carbon footprints in terms of carbon sequestration are urgently needed. Much research is ongoing on the use of alkali-activated materials and the development of a one-part geopolymer binder that can be utilized such as ordinary Portland cement. Accurately understanding the research mechanism of solid waste utilization and the mechanical properties of green building materials, realizing resource utilization, improving the utilization rate of natural resources, and reducing environmental pollution are very important for the development of sustainable buildings. This Special Issue aims to collect the latest research results on green building materials and solid waste utilization in the construction industry.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Solid waste resource utilization;
  • Research progress of green building materials;
  • Low-carbon construction technology innovation;
  • 3D printing technology;
  • Carbon footprint of materials, Carbon reduction and carbon sequestration;
  • Artificial materials in construction;
  • New green building materials & Engineering Applications;
  • Long-term performance research;
  • Steel–concrete composite;
  • Thermal study on buildings.

Dr. Blessen Skariah Thomas
Dr. Sudharshan N. Raman
Dr. K. I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • concrete technology
  • sustainability
  • steel-concrete composite
  • recycled materials
  • fibre reinforced concrete
  • alkali-activated materials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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33 pages, 8774 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Durability of HC-550 Floor Slabs Based on Electrochemical Tests of Corrosion Rate of Reinforcement Strings in Concrete
by Zofia Szweda and Dominik Czachura
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1855; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071855 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 734
Abstract
The consequences of the loss of the load-bearing capacity due to the corrosion of prestressing steel can be much more dangerous than in the case of reinforced concrete structures, since failure can occur quite rapidly and without warning. A very important issue, therefore, [...] Read more.
The consequences of the loss of the load-bearing capacity due to the corrosion of prestressing steel can be much more dangerous than in the case of reinforced concrete structures, since failure can occur quite rapidly and without warning. A very important issue, therefore, is to determine the factors affecting the durability of prestressed structures exposed to aggressive agents, especially chloride ions. The aim of this study was to verify the protective properties of concrete of prefabricated HC-type prestressed concrete slabs in order to evaluate the possibility of their application in the ceilings of multilevel garages. In this paper, the corrosion rate of rebar steel in HC-550 floor slabs at a width of 1200 mm was estimated with nondestructive electrochemical methods: linear polarization and impedance spectroscopy. The general and mechanical properties of concrete prepared according to a formula in a laboratory and analogous concrete cut directly from the analyzed floor slabs were also studied. The porosity of concrete from these slabs was determined using X-ray-computed tomography for pore-related characterization. The values of the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions determined in previous works and the previously proposed model for the overexposure of the durability of floor slabs in chloride-containing environments were used to determine the durability of these slabs. Based on the empirical correlations adopted from the literature presenting the relationship of durability/adhesion over time and the corrosion parameters studied, a safe service life was determined at the nominal class of concrete equal to Δtcor.red = 30.48 years. In addition, in the case of discontinuities in the concrete structure, there may be a dangerous reduction in the time of corrosion initiation and a subsequent reduction in service life due to the loss of the adhesion of strut strands for up to 10.68 years of service life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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17 pages, 2812 KiB  
Article
High-Volume Recycled Waste Glass Powder Cement-Based Materials: Role of Glass Powder Granularity
by Akli Younsi, Mohammed Amar Mahi, Ameur El Amine Hamami, Rafik Belarbi and Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1783; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071783 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 882
Abstract
The use of recycled waste glass powder (RWGP) as a partial substitute for cement in cement-based materials offers a promising solution for reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable waste management practices. An experimental study was conducted on a reference material made with Portland-limestone [...] Read more.
The use of recycled waste glass powder (RWGP) as a partial substitute for cement in cement-based materials offers a promising solution for reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable waste management practices. An experimental study was conducted on a reference material made with Portland-limestone cement CEMII/A-LL42.5R and three other materials containing 50 wt% RWGP with different mean diameters, d50: 16, 18, and 25 µm. The main objective was to analyze the role of RWGP granularity in the short- and medium-term properties of the cement-based materials. The results showed that coarser RWGP granularity led to an increase in fluidity and Portlandite content, while water demand and mechanical properties decreased. However, the range of RWGP granularities tested did not significantly affect the initial setting time, fresh and dry density, hydration temperature, and water porosity. These findings suggest that the choice of RWGP granularity should depend on the desired properties of the cement-based material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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17 pages, 22816 KiB  
Article
Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Incorporating Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregates
by Abinaya Thennarasan Latha, Balasubramanian Murugesan and Blessen Skariah Thomas
Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051114 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2882
Abstract
This research explores the potential of using municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a stabilizer in the production of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs). The study investigates the effect [...] Read more.
This research explores the potential of using municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a stabilizer in the production of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs). The study investigates the effect of varying levels of cement content (ranging from 0% to 10%) and MSWIBA content (ranging from 0% to 25%) on the strength and durability of CSEBs. The strength characteristics of CSEBs were evaluated through tests such as wet and dry compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and stress–strain behavior, while durability was tested through wetting–drying cyclic tests. The results indicated that CSEB blocks made with 20% MSWIBA content and 10% cement were able to fulfill strength criteria. Additionally, using these blocks could result in cost savings of 8% during construction when compared to using fired clay bricks (FCB). Furthermore, varying the cement content while maintaining a constant proportion of MSWIBA showed a significant change in the stress–strain behavior and a cost analysis performed for CSEBs stabilized with the optimal quantity of MSWIBA-OPC combination showed that they can be a viable alternative to conventional earth blocks, providing an eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective solution for construction initiatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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15 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Taguchi Optimization of Cement Concrete Incorporating Recycled Mixed Plastic Fine Aggregate Using Modified Fuller’s Equation
by Kevin Jia Le Lee and Sook Fun Wong
Buildings 2023, 13(4), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040893 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1173
Abstract
Motivated by the multiple benefits of recycling plastic ingredients in cementitious materials, the present study focuses on the design of sustainable cement concrete incorporating recycled mixed plastic fine aggregate (MPFA) as a partial replacement of natural sand (NS). The MPFA produced in this [...] Read more.
Motivated by the multiple benefits of recycling plastic ingredients in cementitious materials, the present study focuses on the design of sustainable cement concrete incorporating recycled mixed plastic fine aggregate (MPFA) as a partial replacement of natural sand (NS). The MPFA produced in this work is composed of a combination of polymer types with similar concoctions to those observed in the postconsumer waste streams. This study approach is vastly different from past reported studies on the use of sorted, highly purified single-type recycled plastic aggregate in cement concrete. A multi-criteria decision-making technique, Best-Worst Method (BWM), was integrated with the Taguchi method to maximize the quality of MPFA concrete based on the Fuller–Thompson theory. More specifically, an L9 (34) Taguchi orthogonal array with four three-level design factors was adopted to optimize the fresh, durability, and mechanical properties of MPFA concrete. The results showed that MPFA concrete produced with 400 kg/m3 cement content, 0.43 water/cement ratio, 0.43 fine aggregate/total aggregate ratio, and 10 vol% MPFA content exhibited the highest quality. Findings from the present work also revealed that MPFA concrete produced with tailored particle size distribution of MPFA NS fine aggregate system achieved superior, if not comparable, qualities to those of conventional concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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17 pages, 6711 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Impacts of Temperature Gradients on a Concrete-Encased Steel I-Girder Experiment—Field-Monitored Data
by Sabarigirivasan Lakshmi Narayanan and Umamaheswari Nambiappan
Buildings 2023, 13(3), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030780 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
This article delves into an investigation of an experimental steel I-girder section encased in concrete and its instrumentation for the purpose of analyzing temperature distributions in concrete bridges. The study aims to examine the effect of differing air temperatures and thermal loads resulting [...] Read more.
This article delves into an investigation of an experimental steel I-girder section encased in concrete and its instrumentation for the purpose of analyzing temperature distributions in concrete bridges. The study aims to examine the effect of differing air temperatures and thermal loads resulting from solar radiation. Structural health monitoring sensors, including a range of temperature sensors, were connected with the girder to monitor the structural performance using the data acquisition system constantly. The collection of experimental data took place during an exceptionally cold season, and the results of the study revealed both the lateral and vertical distribution of thermal gradients, as well as the fluctuations in these gradients over time. On the premise of the accumulated thermal data, empirical equations were suggested in order to forecast peak lateral as well as vertical temperature gradients, in accordance with the girder’s highest daily and lowest mean temperatures. This temperature variation may lead to longitudinal expansion and contraction in the structure during seasonal variations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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15 pages, 1684 KiB  
Review
The Effects of Nano-Based Bio-Carbonates in Superhydrophobic Concrete—A Review
by Lavanya Muthugoundenpalayam Rajendran, Johnpaul Vincent, Balasundaram Natarajan and Venkatesan Govindan
Buildings 2023, 13(5), 1354; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051354 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Concrete must be a hydrophilic compound that is easily fabricated by nature. At the nanoscale, mechanical and chemical reactions alter the quality of cement-based substances. Continuous sprinkling of nano-silica solution synthesised with minimal surface solvents has been used to create a superhydrophobic (SH) [...] Read more.
Concrete must be a hydrophilic compound that is easily fabricated by nature. At the nanoscale, mechanical and chemical reactions alter the quality of cement-based substances. Continuous sprinkling of nano-silica solution synthesised with minimal surface solvents has been used to create a superhydrophobic (SH) concrete surface while similarly modifying the surface’s chemical composition and dynamical intrinsic structure. In this study, we examine the impacts of admixtures in SH concrete including nano-based bio-carbonate. The fundamental characteristics and dispersal techniques of nanoparticles often employed in cement-based compounds are reviewed initially in this paper. Investigations of the large contact angle, small slide angle, and carbonated thickness have been employed to analyze the impacts of admixtures. Additionally, the industry and uses of nanoparticles for concrete substances are addressed, and the expense is inventively represented by a survey questionnaire. Finally, this article identifies the obstacles that now occur in the field of research and offers appropriate future viewpoints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cement-Based Materials)
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