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Brain Sciences
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Advance in Study of Neurotoxic Chemicals in the Environment
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Advance in Study of Neurotoxic Chemicals in the Environment

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 4463

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Emma Martínez-López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
2. Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
Interests: environmental contaminants; neurotoxins; metals; neurotoxicity; ecotoxicology; wildlife; One Heath perspective

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has emphasized the importance of understanding the relationship between humans and ecosystems (i.e., the One Health perspective). Environmental pollutants (e.g., metals, POPs, and pharmaceutical compounds residues) influence animal and human behavior, as well as several cognitive abilities such as learning capacity. These compounds use different pathways to cause these and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, knowledge on the neurotoxic potential of environmental pollutants in ecosystems is scarce. This Special Issue will include in vitro (cell-based), field/wildlife, and experimental studies, as well as epidemiological and biomonitorization studies, linking the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and neurotoxicity, including the development of neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders. Therefore, the collective aim of this Special Issue will be to offer a comprehensive collection of focused articles providing useful and up-to-date resource for scientists working in this field.

Prof. Dr. Emma Martínez-López
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • environmental contaminants
  • neurotoxicity
  • biomarkers of exposure and effects
  • metals
  • neurotoxicants

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1455 KiB  
Article
In Vitro and Predictive Computational Toxicology Methods for the Neurotoxic Pesticide Amitraz and Its Metabolites
by Marialuce Giorgini, Mercedes Taroncher, María-José Ruiz, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco and Josefa Tolosa
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020252 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1623
Abstract
The Varroa destructor parasite is responsible for varroasis in honeybees worldwide, the most destructive disease among parasitic diseases. Thus, different insecticides/acaricides have been widely used within beehives to control these parasitic diseases. Namely, amitraz is the most used acaricide due to its high [...] Read more.
The Varroa destructor parasite is responsible for varroasis in honeybees worldwide, the most destructive disease among parasitic diseases. Thus, different insecticides/acaricides have been widely used within beehives to control these parasitic diseases. Namely, amitraz is the most used acaricide due to its high efficacy shown against Varroa destructor. However, pesticides used for beehive treatments could be incorporated into the honey and accumulate in other hive products. Hence, honeybee health and the impairment of the quality of honey caused by pesticides have gained more attention. Amitraz and its main metabolites, N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) formamide (2,4-DMF) and 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA), are known to be potent neurotoxicants. In this research, the cytotoxicity of amitraz and its metabolites has been assessed by MTT and PC assays in HepG2 cells. In addition, possible target receptors by in silico strategies have been surveyed. Results showed that amitraz was more cytotoxic than its metabolites. According to the in silico ADMEt assays, amitraz and its metabolites were predicted to be compounds that are able to pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induce toxicity in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The main target class predicted for amitraz was the family of A G protein-coupled receptors that comprises responses to hormones and neurotransmitters. This affects, among other things, reproduction, development, locomotion, and feeding. Furthermore, amitraz and its metabolites were predicted as active compounds interacting with diverse receptors of the Tox21-nuclear receptor signaling and stress response pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Study of Neurotoxic Chemicals in the Environment)
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Review

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26 pages, 441 KiB  
Review
Among Gerontogens, Heavy Metals Are a Class of Their Own: A Review of the Evidence for Cellular Senescence
by Samuel T. Vielee and John P. Wise, Jr.
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(3), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030500 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2068
Abstract
Advancements in modern medicine have improved the quality of life across the globe and increased the average lifespan of our population by multiple decades. Current estimates predict by 2030, 12% of the global population will reach a geriatric age and live another 3–4 [...] Read more.
Advancements in modern medicine have improved the quality of life across the globe and increased the average lifespan of our population by multiple decades. Current estimates predict by 2030, 12% of the global population will reach a geriatric age and live another 3–4 decades. This swelling geriatric population will place critical stress on healthcare infrastructures due to accompanying increases in age-related diseases and comorbidities. While much research focused on long-lived individuals seeks to answer questions regarding how to age healthier, there is a deficit in research investigating what aspects of our lives accelerate or exacerbate aging. In particular, heavy metals are recognized as a significant threat to human health with links to a plethora of age-related diseases, and have widespread human exposures from occupational, medical, or environmental settings. We believe heavy metals ought to be classified as a class of gerontogens (i.e., chemicals that accelerate biological aging in cells and tissues). Gerontogens may be best studied through their effects on the “Hallmarks of Aging”, nine physiological hallmarks demonstrated to occur in aged cells, tissues, and bodies. Evidence suggests that cellular senescence—a permanent growth arrest in cells—is one of the most pertinent hallmarks of aging and is a useful indicator of aging in tissues. Here, we discuss the roles of heavy metals in brain aging. We briefly discuss brain aging in general, then expand upon observations for heavy metals contributing to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. We particularly emphasize the roles and observations of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the observations for heavy metals inducing cellular senescence. The glaring lack of knowledge about gerontogens and gerontogenic mechanisms necessitates greater research in the field, especially in the context of the global aging crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Study of Neurotoxic Chemicals in the Environment)
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