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Brain Sciences
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Demyelinating Diseases and How They Affect the Central and Peripheral...
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Demyelinating Diseases and How They Affect the Central and Peripheral Nervous System - Molecular Disease Mechanisms, Neuropathology, Treatment and Rehabilitation

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurodegenerative Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 4606

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Manuel Zeitelhofer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: neuroimmunology; blood brain barrier (BBB); platelet-derived growth factors; mutliple sclerosis; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); neurodegenerative diseases; tai chi chuan; qigong; sport performance; relaxation response

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Demyelinating diseases are commonly associated with a significant reduction of quality of life, in addition to long-term sick leaves. Thus, this disease group—including conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, peripheral neuropathies, leukoencephalopathies, myelitis and neuromyelitis optica—represents a major social and economic burden. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has rendered this patient group more vulnerable and has limited the possibilities for in-house rehabilitation.

Hence, it is paramount to increase our understanding of the underlying disease and pathological mechanisms. Equally important is to foster the translational aspect, so that findings from the basic research can be correlated to the clinic.

This Special Issue invites original articles, reviews, case reports, communications and opinions about underlying disease mechanisms, as well as the neuropathology, treatment and rehabilitation of demyelinating diseases, with the aim of improving our overall understanding of these diseases and the outcome of patient care, respectively.

Dr. Manuel Zeitelhofer
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neuroinflammation
  • multiple sclerosis
  • Guillain–Barré syndrome
  • peripheral neuropathies
  • leukoencephalopathies
  • myelitis
  • neuromyelitis optica
  • neuropathology
  • rehabilitation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 666 KiB  
Article
NMOSD—Diagnostic Dilemmas Leading towards Final Diagnosis
by Anna K. Szewczyk, Ewa Papuć, Krystyna Mitosek-Szewczyk, Michał Woś and Konrad Rejdak
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(7), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070885 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
(1) Background: The emergence of white matter lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to diagnostic dilemmas. They are a common radiological symptom and their patterns may overlap CNS or systemic diseases and provoke underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. The aim of the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The emergence of white matter lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to diagnostic dilemmas. They are a common radiological symptom and their patterns may overlap CNS or systemic diseases and provoke underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. The aim of the study was to assess factors influencing the underdiagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) as well as to estimate NMOSD epidemiology in Lubelskie voivodeship, Poland. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included 1112 patients, who were made a tentative or an established diagnosis of acute or subacute onset of neurological deficits. The evaluation was based on medical history, neurological examination, laboratory and radiographic results and fulfilment of diagnosis criteria. (3) Results: Up to 1.62 percent of patients diagnosed with white matter lesions and up to 2.2% of the patients previously diagnosed with MS may suffer from NMOSD. The duration of delayed diagnosis is longer for males, despite the earlier age of onset. Seropositive cases for antibodies against aquaporin-4 have worse prognosis for degree of disability. (4) Conclusions: Underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis in NMOSD still remains a problem in clinical practice and has important implications for patients. The incorrect diagnosis is caused by atypical presentation or NMOSD-mimics; however, covariates such as gender, onset and diagnosis age may also have an influence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Demyelinating Diseases and How They Affect the Central and Peripheral Nervous System - Molecular Disease Mechanisms, Neuropathology, Treatment and Rehabilitation)
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Review

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17 pages, 1798 KiB  
Review
Multiple Sclerosis—A Demyelinating Disorder and Its Dental Considerations—A Literature Review with Own Case Report
by Khalid Al Johani, Mashael Fudah, Mohammad Al-Zahrani, Hassan Abed, Kumar Chandan Srivastava, Deepti Shrivastava, Marco Cicciù and Giuseppe Minervini
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(7), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071009 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1960
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the myelin sheath covering the neurons of the central nervous system, including those of the brain and spinal cord. Although the etiology is not completely understood, various factors, such as genetic infections and environmental background, play a role in the pathogenesis. Repeated active episodes of MS characterized with marked inflammation results in the scarring of particular nerve segments, and eventually results in functional impairment over a period of time. Based on the clinical course of the disease, four clinical types of MS have been identified, with the relapsing–remitting type being the commonest. MS is known to occur more commonly in females in the age group of 20–40 years. Dysarthria, fatigue, muscle spasm, and numbness are the common presenting symptoms of MS. Diagnosis is generally achieved with MRI brain scans, showing demyelination plaques and lumbar puncture. Treatment of MS’s acute phase includes high doses of corticosteroids; whereas preventive treatment of MS includes the prescription of immunosuppressive therapy, including biologics. A large group of MS patients present with oral manifestations, including dysphagia, dysarthria, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disturbances, facial palsy, and chronic periodontal diseases. Other typical oral manifestations seen in MS patients include trigeminal neuralgia, paresthesia, or orofacial pain. Dental treatment and following drug prescription needs to be tailored to each patient, as there is a possibility of drug interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive, updated review of MS, with emphasis on oral manifestations and dental considerations. Additionally, it presents a case of a 40-year-old female diagnosed with MS that was presented to a dental hospital. The report discusses the oral manifestations and dental management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Demyelinating Diseases and How They Affect the Central and Peripheral Nervous System - Molecular Disease Mechanisms, Neuropathology, Treatment and Rehabilitation)
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