3D Biosensor and Microfluidic Devices for Developing Next Generation Point of Care Diagnostic Devices of Biomonitoring

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2022) | Viewed by 11431

Special Issue Editor

Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Interests: microfluidic devices; advanced manufacturing; biosensors; nanomaterials; precision agriculture; livestock sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The advent of additive manufacturing, i.e., 3D printing, has been a revolution for the manufacturing of next-generation point-of-care diagnostic devices, and has had an immense impact on industry and the economy. 3D printing is a layer-by-layer printing technique which evolves the printing of metals, ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, plastics, bioactive molecules and bioinks directly from a computer-aided design model in a controlled way. It is a rapidly advancing technique which accelerates the manufacturing of biosensing and microfluidic elements with complex geometries, and different materials structures and counterparts. Since the invention of stereolithography in 1980, there have many innovations in 3D printing techniques based on their applications for biomedical devices. This is because of their unique manufacturing advantages such as rapid prototyping, high uniformity of parts, reasonable resolution, customizability, minimizing material wastage, scalability, and their well-defined structure. Unlike traditional methods of manufacturing, including lithography, 3D printing does not require a lithographic mask, chemical wet/dry etching, or clean room facilities, thus reducing the manufacturing costs. Many methods of 3D printing based on extrusion, direct ink printing, selective laser sintering, aerosol jet, ink jet and two photon polymerization are being explored to manufacture numerous biomedical devices with high performances. The integration of 3D micro and nanostructures into microfluidic biosensors can provide new and multifunctional sensing modalities with unprecedented capabilities due to the larger surface of biomolecular interactions, such as high sensitivity, low limit-of-detection, and high reproducibility. 3D printing can also allow the printing of polymeric materials with different types of microfluidic devices with complex geometries and enables wearable technology with embedded electronics, leading to a new generation of point-of-care diagnostic devices for health monitoring. Thus, 3D biosensors with their high sensing capabilities can be promising tools for in vitro diagnostics of molecular biomarkers and implantable sensors to monitor electrophysiological parameters.

This Special Issue will cover the recent advancement of “3D biosensor and microfluidic devices for developing next-generation point-of-care diagnostic devices of biomonitoring”. It will be interesting to discuss the current challenges and future scope of 3D printing regarding point-of-care diagnostics devices.


Dr. Azahar Ali
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • additive manufacturing
  • 3D printing
  • 3D biosensors
  • point-of-care diagnostics devices
  • microfluidic devices
  • health care monitoring

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 11521 KiB  
Article
Topographical Vacuum Sealing of 3D-Printed Multiplanar Microfluidic Structures
by Benjamin Heidt, Renato Rogosic, Nils Leoné, Eduardo J. S. Brás, Thomas J. Cleij, Jules A. W. Harings, Hanne Diliën, Kasper Eersels and Bart van Grinsven
Biosensors 2021, 11(10), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11100395 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2492
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel way of creating three-dimensional microfluidic channels capable of following complex topographies. To this end, substrates with open channels and different geometries were 3D-printed, and the open channels were consecutively closed with a thermoplastic using a low-resolution vacuum-forming approach. This [...] Read more.
We demonstrate a novel way of creating three-dimensional microfluidic channels capable of following complex topographies. To this end, substrates with open channels and different geometries were 3D-printed, and the open channels were consecutively closed with a thermoplastic using a low-resolution vacuum-forming approach. This process allows the sealing of channels that are located on the surface of complex multiplanar topographies, as the thermoplastic aligns with the surface-shape (the macrostructure) of the substrate, while the microchannels remain mostly free of thermoplastic as their small channel size resists thermoplastic inflow. This new process was analyzed for its capability to consistently close different substrate geometries, which showed reliable sealing of angles >90°. Furthermore, the thermoplastic intrusion into channels of different widths was quantified, showing a linear effect of channel width and percentage of thermoplastic intrusion; ranging from 43.76% for large channels with 2 mm width to only 5.33% for channels with 500 µm channel width. The challenging sealing of substrate ‘valleys’, which are created when two large protrusions are adjacent to each other, was investigated and the correlation between protrusion distance and height is shown. Lastly, we present three application examples: a serpentine mixer with channels spun around a cuboid, increasing the usable surface area; a cuvette-inspired flow cell for a 2-MXP biosensor based on molecular imprinted polymers, fitting inside a standard UV/Vis-Spectrophotometer; and an adapter system that can be manufactured by one-sided injection molding and is self-sealed before usage. These examples demonstrate how this novel technology can be used to easily adapt microfluidic circuits for application in biosensor platforms. Full article
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10 pages, 2476 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Luminescent Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells by a 3D Printed Immunomagnetic Concentrator
by Chanyong Park, Abdurhaman Teyib Abafogi, Dinesh Veeran Ponnuvelu, Ilchan Song, Kisung Ko and Sungsu Park
Biosensors 2021, 11(8), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11080278 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an indicator of metastatic progression and relapse. Since non-CTC cells such as red blood cells outnumber CTCs in the blood, the separation and enrichment of CTCs is key to improving their detection sensitivity. The ATP luminescence assay can [...] Read more.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an indicator of metastatic progression and relapse. Since non-CTC cells such as red blood cells outnumber CTCs in the blood, the separation and enrichment of CTCs is key to improving their detection sensitivity. The ATP luminescence assay can measure intracellular ATP to detect cells quickly but has not yet been used for CTC detection in the blood because extracellular ATP in the blood, derived from non-CTCs, interferes with the measurement. Herein, we report on the improvement of the ATP luminescence assay for the detection of CTCs by separating and concentrating CTCs in the blood using a 3D printed immunomagnetic concentrator (3DPIC). Because of its high-aspect-ratio structure and resistance to high flow rates, 3DPIC allows cancer cells in 10 mL to be concentrated 100 times within minutes. This enables the ATP luminescence assay to detect as low as 10 cells in blood, thereby being about 10 times more sensitive than when commercial kits are used for CTC concentration. This is the first time that the ATP luminescence assay was used for the detection of cancer cells in blood. These results demonstrate the feasibility of 3DPIC as a concentrator to improve the detection limit of the ATP luminescence assay for the detection of CTCs. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 3010 KiB  
Review
Application of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring: Simple Graphene Derivatives to 3D Printed Platforms
by Agnivo Gosai, Kamil Reza Khondakar, Xiao Ma and Md. Azahar Ali
Biosensors 2021, 11(10), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11100384 - 10 Oct 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5140
Abstract
Biosensors hold great potential for revolutionizing personalized medicine and environmental monitoring. Their construction is the key factor which depends on either manufacturing techniques or robust sensing materials to improve efficacy of the device. Functional graphene is an attractive choice for transducing material due [...] Read more.
Biosensors hold great potential for revolutionizing personalized medicine and environmental monitoring. Their construction is the key factor which depends on either manufacturing techniques or robust sensing materials to improve efficacy of the device. Functional graphene is an attractive choice for transducing material due to its various advantages in interfacing with biorecognition elements. Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) are thus being used extensively for biosensors for monitoring of diseases. In addition, graphene can be patterned to a variety of structures and is incorporated into biosensor devices such as microfluidic devices and electrochemical and plasmonic sensors. Among biosensing materials, GO is gaining much attention due to its easy synthesis process and patternable features, high functionality, and high electron transfer properties with a large surface area leading to sensitive point-of-use applications. Considering demand and recent challenges, this perspective review is an attempt to describe state-of-the-art biosensors based on functional graphene. Special emphasis is given to elucidating the mechanism of sensing while discussing different applications. Further, we describe the future prospects of functional GO-based biosensors for health care and environmental monitoring with a focus on additive manufacturing such as 3D printing. Full article
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