Immunoassays and Biosensing

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 20586

Special Issue Editors

College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: nanobodies; immunoassays; agro-product safety; food safety; public health
Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
Interests: single molecule detection; digital assay; fluorescence imaging; ultrasensitive immunoassays; high throughput
1. CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
2. Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics Group (Nb4D), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: antibody; nanobody; ELISA; microarray; optical and electrochemical immunosensors; specific receptors; functional biohybrid materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunoassays and biosensors have been wildly used in several fields, including clinical, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Immunoassays are continuously being developed so that they produce simpler to use, rapid, field-portable tests that may be either qualitative or quantitative in nature, especially in relation to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of new biorecognition elements and novel transducers has also led to the rapid increase in publications concerning biosensor development. However, further innovations, including, but not limited to, the topics of antibodies; new biomaterials; signal-amplification strategies; bio-conjugate techniques; sample pre-treatment methods; automation; and multiplex detection, are required to strengthen the use of immunoassays and biosensors for numerous practical applications.

The current Special Issue aims to collect original articles and reviews presenting research progress, fabrication, manufacturing, innovative applications, new challenges, and future prospects concerning immunoassays and biosensors in various fields, including medical diagnostics, public health, environment monitoring, agriculture, and food.

Dr. Dongyang Li
Dr. Xu Wang
Dr. Juan Pablo Salvador
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • immunoassay
  • biosensor
  • antibody
  • nanobody
  • nanoparticle
  • magnetic beads
  • digital ELISA
  • phage display

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3037 KiB  
Article
Peptide-Coated Bacteriorhodopsin-Based Photoelectric Biosensor for Detecting Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Hsiu-Mei Chen, Yi-Hsuan Tsai, Chien-Yi Hsu, Yong-Yi Wang, Cheng-En Hsieh, Jin-Hua Chen, Yu-Sheng Chang and Ching-Yu Lin
Biosensors 2023, 13(10), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13100929 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 3989
Abstract
An effective early diagnosis is important for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. This study reveals a novel RA detection method using bacteriorhodopsin as a photoelectric transducer, a light-driven proton pump in purple membranes (PMs). It was devised by covalently conjugating a PM monolayer-coated electrode [...] Read more.
An effective early diagnosis is important for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. This study reveals a novel RA detection method using bacteriorhodopsin as a photoelectric transducer, a light-driven proton pump in purple membranes (PMs). It was devised by covalently conjugating a PM monolayer-coated electrode with a citrullinated-inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3)542–556 peptide that recognizes the serum RA-associated autoantibodies. The direct serum coating decreased the photocurrents in the biosensor, with the reduction in the photocurrent caused by coating with an RA-patient serum that is significantly larger than that with a healthy-control serum (38.1% vs. 20.2%). The difference in the reduction in the photocurrent between those two serum groups widened after the serum-coated biosensor was further labeled with gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-conjugated anti-IgA (anti-IgA-AuNP) (53.6% vs. 30.6%). Both atomic force microscopic (AFM) and Raman analyses confirmed the sequential peptide, serum, and anti-IgA-AuNP coatings on the PM-coated substrates. The reductions in the photocurrent measured in both the serum and anti-IgA-AuNPs coating steps correlated well with the results using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Spearman rho = 0.805 and 0.787, respectively), with both a sensitivity and specificity close to 100% in both steps. It was shown that an RA diagnosis can be performed in either a single- or two-step mode using the developed biosensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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13 pages, 2822 KiB  
Article
Monoclonal Antibody-Based Colorimetric Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Pyridaben in the Environment
by He Chen, Hao Liu, Yanran Ji, Zekun Sha, Li An, Meng Li, Di Zhang, Xujin Wu and Xiude Hua
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050545 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
Pyridaben, a broad-spectrum pyridazinone acaricide that is widely used in agricultural production, can induce neurotoxicity and reproductive abnormalities, and is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, a pyridaben hapten was synthesized and used to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), among which 6E3G8D7 [...] Read more.
Pyridaben, a broad-spectrum pyridazinone acaricide that is widely used in agricultural production, can induce neurotoxicity and reproductive abnormalities, and is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, a pyridaben hapten was synthesized and used to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), among which 6E3G8D7 showed the highest sensitivity in indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.49 ng mL−1. The mAb, 6E3G8D7, was further applied to a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (CLFIA) for pyridaben detection, according to the signal intensity ratio of the test line to the control line, which showed a visual limit of detection of 5 ng mL−1. The CLFIA also showed high specificity and achieved excellent accuracy in different matrices. In addition, the amounts of pyridaben in blind samples detected by the CLFIA, were consistent with high-performance liquid chromatography. Therefore, the developed CLFIA is considered a promising, reliable, and portable method for pyridaben on-site detection in agro-products and environmental samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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14 pages, 2831 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Lateral Flow Immunoassay with Double Competition and Two Kinds of Nanoparticles Conjugates for Control of Insecticide Imidacloprid in Honey
by Dmitriy V. Sotnikov, Lyubov V. Barshevskaya, Anatoly V. Zherdev and Boris B. Dzantiev
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050525 - 07 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Finding optimal conditions for competitive lateral flow immunoassay is a controversial task. The content of specific antibodies labeled by nanoparticles should be simultaneously high to reach intense signals and low to register an influence on the signals for minimal concentrations of the target [...] Read more.
Finding optimal conditions for competitive lateral flow immunoassay is a controversial task. The content of specific antibodies labeled by nanoparticles should be simultaneously high to reach intense signals and low to register an influence on the signals for minimal concentrations of the target analyte. We propose to use two kinds of complexes of gold nanoparticles in the assay, with antigen–protein conjugates and with specific antibodies. The first complex interacts both with immobilized antibodies in the test zone and with antibodies on the surface of the second complex. In this assay, the coloration is enhanced by the binding of two-colored preparations in the test zone, whereas the antigen in the sample inhibits both the binding of the first conjugate with the immobilized antibodies and with the second conjugate. This approach is realized for the detection of insecticide imidacloprid (IMD), an important toxic contaminant connected with the recent global death of bees. The proposed technique expands the working range of the assay, that is, in accordance with its theoretical analysis. The reliable change of coloration intensity is achieved for a 2.3-times-lower concentration of the analyte. The limit of IMD detection is 0.13 ng/mL for tested solutions and 1.2 µg/kg for initial honey samples. The combination of two conjugates doubles the coloration in the absence of the analyte. The developed lateral flow immunoassay is applicable for five-fold-diluted honey samples without extraction, does not require additional stages (all reagents are pre-applied to the test strip), and is implemented in 10 min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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11 pages, 6304 KiB  
Article
A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunochromatographic Test Strip and Its Application in the Rapid Detection of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus
by Zichen Zhao, Yanli Tian, Chang Xu, Yuanfei Xing, Lili Yang, Guoliang Qian, Xiude Hua, Weirong Gong, Baishi Hu and Limin Wang
Biosensors 2023, 13(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13020199 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2009
Abstract
Two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were screened, and an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test for rapid and specific detection of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was developed. The coat protein of CGMMV was heterologously expressed as an immunogen, and specific capture mAb 2C9 [...] Read more.
Two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were screened, and an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test for rapid and specific detection of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was developed. The coat protein of CGMMV was heterologously expressed as an immunogen, and specific capture mAb 2C9 and the detection mAb 4D4 were screened by an uncompetitive immunoassay. The test and control lines on the nitrocellulose membrane were coated with the purified 2C9 and a goat anti-mouse IgG, respectively, and a nanogold probe combined with 4D4 was applied to the conjugate pad. Using these mAbs, a rapid and sensitive ICS was developed. Within the sandwich mode of 2C9–CGMMV–4D4, the test line showed a corresponding positive relationship with CGMMV in infected samples. The ICS test had a detection limit of 1:5000 (w/v) for CGMMV in samples and was specific for CGMMV, with no observed cross-reaction with TMV or CMV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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14 pages, 6368 KiB  
Article
The Simultaneous Determination of Chlorpyrifos–Ethyl and –Methyl with a New Format of Fluorescence-Based Immunochromatographic Assay
by Zi-Hong Xu, Jia Liu, Bin Li, Jun-Kai Wang, Xi Zeng, Zi-Jian Chen, Surat Hongsibsong, Wei Huang, Hong-Tao Lei, Yuan-Ming Sun and Zhen-Lin Xu
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12111006 - 11 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1389
Abstract
The improper and excessive use in agriculture of chlorpyrifos–methyl (CPSM) and chlorpyrifos–ethyl (CPSE) may affect the health of human beings. Herein, a fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay (FICA) was developed for the simultaneous determination of CPSM and CPSE. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with equal recognition [...] Read more.
The improper and excessive use in agriculture of chlorpyrifos–methyl (CPSM) and chlorpyrifos–ethyl (CPSE) may affect the health of human beings. Herein, a fluorescence-based immunochromatographic assay (FICA) was developed for the simultaneous determination of CPSM and CPSE. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with equal recognition of CPSM and CPSE was generated by the careful designing of haptens and screening of hybridoma cells. Instead of labeling fluorescence with mAb, the probe was labeled with goat-anti-mouse IgG (GAM-IgG) and pre-incubated with mAb in the sample. The complex could compete with CPS by coating antigen in the test line. The new format of FICA used goat-anti-rabbit IgG (GAR-IgG) conjugated with rabbit IgG labeled with fluorescence microspheres as an independent quality control line (C line). The novel strategy significantly reduced nonspecific reactions and increased assay sensitivity. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed FICA showed a linear range of 0.015–64 mg/L and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 mg/L for both CPSE and CPSM. The average recoveries of CPS from spiked food samples by FICA were 82.0–110.0%. The accuracy was similar to the gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) results. The developed FICA was an ideal on-site tool for rapid screening of CPS residues in foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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Review

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17 pages, 5770 KiB  
Review
Multiplex Detection of Infectious Diseases on Microfluidic Platforms
by Fumin Chen, Qinqin Hu, Huimin Li, Yi Xie, Leshan Xiu, Yuqian Zhang, Xiaokui Guo and Kun Yin
Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030410 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3303
Abstract
Infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global disease burden. Sensitive and accurate screening methods are some of the most effective means of identifying sources of infection and controlling infectivity. Conventional detecting strategies such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), DNA sequencing, and mass [...] Read more.
Infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global disease burden. Sensitive and accurate screening methods are some of the most effective means of identifying sources of infection and controlling infectivity. Conventional detecting strategies such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), DNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry typically require bulky equipment and well-trained personnel. Therefore, mass screening of a large population using conventional strategies during pandemic periods often requires additional manpower, resources, and time, which cannot be guaranteed in resource-limited settings. Recently, emerging microfluidic technologies have shown the potential to replace conventional methods in performing point-of-care detection because they are automated, miniaturized, and integrated. By exploiting the spatial separation of detection sites, microfluidic platforms can enable the multiplex detection of infectious diseases to reduce the possibility of misdiagnosis and incomplete diagnosis of infectious diseases with similar symptoms. This review presents the recent advances in microfluidic platforms used for multiplex detection of infectious diseases, including microfluidic immunosensors and microfluidic nucleic acid sensors. As representative microfluidic platforms, lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platforms, polymer-based chips, paper-based devices, and droplet-based devices will be discussed in detail. In addition, the current challenges, commercialization, and prospects are proposed to promote the application of microfluidic platforms in infectious disease detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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31 pages, 3098 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances of Organ-on-a-Chip in Cancer Modeling Research
by Xingxing Liu, Qiuping Su, Xiaoyu Zhang, Wenjian Yang, Junhua Ning, Kangle Jia, Jinlan Xin, Huanling Li, Longfei Yu, Yuheng Liao and Diming Zhang
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12111045 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6078
Abstract
Although many studies have focused on oncology and therapeutics in cancer, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the unclear molecular mechanism and complex in vivo microenvironment of tumors, it is challenging to reveal the nature of cancer [...] Read more.
Although many studies have focused on oncology and therapeutics in cancer, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the unclear molecular mechanism and complex in vivo microenvironment of tumors, it is challenging to reveal the nature of cancer and develop effective therapeutics. Therefore, the development of new methods to explore the role of heterogeneous TME in individual patients’ cancer drug response is urgently needed and critical for the effective therapeutic management of cancer. The organ-on-chip (OoC) platform, which integrates the technology of 3D cell culture, tissue engineering, and microfluidics, is emerging as a new method to simulate the critical structures of the in vivo tumor microenvironment and functional characteristics. It overcomes the failure of traditional 2D/3D cell culture models and preclinical animal models to completely replicate the complex TME of human tumors. As a brand-new technology, OoC is of great significance for the realization of personalized treatment and the development of new drugs. This review discusses the recent advances of OoC in cancer biology studies. It focuses on the design principles of OoC devices and associated applications in cancer modeling. The challenges for the future development of this field are also summarized in this review. This review displays the broad applications of OoC technique and has reference value for oncology development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunoassays and Biosensing)
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