Dietary Phytochemicals - Mediated Cellular Signalling, Epigenetics/Epigenomics and Cancer Chemoprevention

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 2144

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
Interests: anti-cancer drugs; signaling pathways; microRNAs; prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers; biochemical activities of natural product

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Guest Editor
Professor & Endowed Chair, Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: cancer biology; cancer cells; cancer animal models; cancer research
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The goal of cancer chemotherapy is to prevent or slow the growth of tumors using various biological or natural agents. Gene expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms throughout normal development, and their abnormal regulation may result in the development of human disorders such as cancer. In vitro and animal studies have shown that certain natural phytochemicals and dietary compounds may modulate signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in transformed cells, strengthen the host immune system, and cause malignant cells to become more sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Epidemiological and preclinical data suggest that these compounds also have chemopreventive properties. Clinical research on a variety of dietary phytochemicals has produced mixed findings. Natural phytochemicals can significantly influence chromatin remodeling processes and proteins that control the mammalian epigenome. Most phytochemicals can be found in fruits, seeds, vegetables, and food supplements. These substances have potent anti-carcinogen properties. Numerous dietary substances demonstrate strong antitumor properties by reversing epigenetic changes linked to oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation.

The Special Issue will focus on the actual knowledge about the role of dietary phytochemicals in the restoration of aberrant epigenetic alterations and modulation of signaling pathways in cancer cells.

Dr. Shashank Kumar
Prof. Dr. Sanjay Gupta 
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • anticancer mode of action
  • signaling pathway modulation
  • preclinical models and dietary phytochemicals
  • cancer hallmarks and dietary phytochemicals
  • epigenetics/epigenomics and dietary phytochemicals

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Kawain Inhibits Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis through Epigenetic Inhibition of LSD1 and Upregulation of H3K4 Methylation
by Xia Xu, Xuejiao Tian, Liankun Song, Jun Xie, Joseph C. Liao, Joshua J. Meeks, Xue-Ru Wu, Greg E. Gin, Beverly Wang, Edward Uchio and Xiaolin Zi
Biomolecules 2023, 13(3), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13030521 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1696
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that kava (Piper methysticum Forst) drinks may reduce the risk of cancer in South Pacific Island smokers. However, little is known about the anti-carcinogenic effects of kava on tobacco smoking-related bladder cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Here we [...] Read more.
Epidemiological evidence suggests that kava (Piper methysticum Forst) drinks may reduce the risk of cancer in South Pacific Island smokers. However, little is known about the anti-carcinogenic effects of kava on tobacco smoking-related bladder cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Here we show that dietary feeding of kawain (a major active component in kava root extracts) to mice either before or after hydroxy butyl(butyl) nitrosamine (OH-BBN) carcinogen exposure slows down urinary bladder carcinogenesis and prolongs the survival of the OH-BBN-exposed mice. OH-BBN-induced bladder tumors exhibit significantly increased expression of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), accompanied by decreased levels of H3K4 mono-methylation compared to normal bladder epithelium, whereas dietary kawain reverses the effects of OH-BBN on H3K4 mono-methylation. Human bladder cancer tumor tissues at different pathological grades also show significantly increased expression of LSD1 and decreased levels of H3K4 mono-methylation compared to normal urothelium. In addition, kava root extracts and the kavalactones kawain and methysticin all increase the levels of H3K4 mono- and di-methylation, leading to inhibitory effects on cell migration. Taken together, our results suggest that modification of histone lysine methylation may represent a new approach to bladder cancer prevention and treatment and that kavalactones may be promising agents for bladder cancer interception in both current and former smokers. Full article
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