Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, exposure to certain chemical substances has become a part of everyday life. Such is the case with bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical—xenoestrogen—used in the production of food containers which is present in the urine of almost the entire population. As a known endocrine disruptor, BPA has been implicated in several endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, including hepatic and thyroid disorders, obesity, and insulin resistance. From a renovascular perspective, numerous studies have found a significant correlation among BPA exposure with podocytopathy, albuminuria, hypertension, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Results obtained experimentally are supported by epidemiological studies conducted in New York, Shanghai, and Seoul, which describe an association between human exposure to BPA and an increased in proteinuria and hypertension. Several studies have demonstrated that these associations are independent of sex, diabetes, smoking status, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease. In this way, high urinary BPA excretion was associated with arterial hypertension independently of other classic risk factors.

This Special Issue of Biomolecules aims to provide an updated view of BPA as an environmental factor implicated in the pathophysiology of renal and cardiovascular diseases. For this purpose, contributions have been selected based on the expertise of recognized scientists in the field. Discussions in this volume include described BPA features as a compound which is capable of promoting both experimental and human podocytopathy, including albuminuria. Moreover, reported data show that animals treated with BPA develop hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and in cardiac endothelial cells can also promote a novel type of programmed cell necrosis—necroptosis—that could lead to heart dysfunction. Thus, discussions on novel cardiovascular BPA effects which could affect renal disease are encouraged. In summary, we hope the different topics of BPA in renal and cardiovascular diseases presented in this volume will be found attractive for both basic and clinical researchers in the field.

Prof. Ricardo José Bosch
Dr. Marta Saura
Guest Editors

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• Bisphenol A (BPA)
• Podocytes
• Albuminuria
• Hypertension
• Cardiac abnormalities
• Endothelial disfunction
• Nitric oxide synthase
• Angiotensin II and calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)
• Necroptosis