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Feature Papers in Microbiology in Human Health and Disease
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Feature Papers in Microbiology in Human Health and Disease

A topical collection in Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This collection belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

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Editor

Dr. Ryota Niikura

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: gastric cancer; intestinal metaplasia; gastritis; tumor immunity; helicobacter pylori; gastric microbiota; endoscopy; cancer surveillance; cancer chemoprevention; colorectal cancer; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Topical Collection focuses on driver microbiota, including Fusobacterium spp. and others, which accelerate inflammation and carcinogenesis. Reviews, opinions, and short articles from experts in the field are welcome. Submissions may cover all types of microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and bacteriophages, that influence carcinogenesis and molecular pathways/factors and play key roles in persistent inflammation, various mouse models, and valuable cell lines and primary organoids. Metabolites derived these microbiome and carcinogenesis are also of interest. In addition, we hope that this Topical Collection will help improve our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal cancers.

Dr. Ryota Niikura
Collection Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiota
  • gastrointestinal microbiota
  • metabolites
  • inflammation
  • gastrointestinal cancer
  • carcinogenesis
  • human health

Published Papers (4 papers)

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2023

12 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Fecal Bacteriome of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Older Adults
by Matilde Sánchez-Conde, Claudio Alba, Irma Castro, Fernando Dronda, Margarita Ramírez, Rebeca Arroyo, Santiago Moreno, Juan Miguel Rodríguez and Fátima Brañas
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2305; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082305 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1416
Abstract
HIV infection is considered a scenario of accelerated aging. Previous studies have suggested a link between aging, frailty, and gut dysbiosis, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the HIV population. Our objective was to compare the fecal bacteriome of older people with [...] Read more.
HIV infection is considered a scenario of accelerated aging. Previous studies have suggested a link between aging, frailty, and gut dysbiosis, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the HIV population. Our objective was to compare the fecal bacteriome of older people with HIV (PWH) and non-HIV controls, and to assess potential links between gut dysbiosis and frailty. A total of 36 fecal samples (24 from PWH and 12 from non-HIV controls) were submitted to a metataxonomic analysis targeting the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. High-quality reads were assembled and classified into operational taxonomic units. Alpha diversity, assessed using the Shannon index, was higher in the control group than in the HIV group (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of the genus Blautia was higher in the HIV group (p < 0.001). The presence of Blautia was also higher in PWH with depression (p = 0.004), whereas the opposite was observed for the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.004). Our study shows shifts in the composition of the PWH bacteriome when compared to that of healthy controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting a potential link between depression and gut dysbiosis in the HIV population. Full article
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21 pages, 3483 KiB  
Article
Suppressive Effects of Lactobacillus on Depression through Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in C57BL/6J Mice Induced by Ampicillin
by Wan-Hua Tsai, Wen-Ling Yeh, Chia-Hsuan Chou, Chia-Lin Wu, Chih-Ho Lai, Yao-Tsung Yeh, Chorng-An Liao and Chih-Chung Wu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041068 - 01 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2469
Abstract
Depression is a medical and social problem. Multiple metabolites and neuroinflammation regulate it. Modifying the gut microbiota with probiotics to reduce depression through the gut-brain axis is a potential treatment strategy. In this study, three anti-depressive potentials of Lactobacillus spp. (LAB), including L. [...] Read more.
Depression is a medical and social problem. Multiple metabolites and neuroinflammation regulate it. Modifying the gut microbiota with probiotics to reduce depression through the gut-brain axis is a potential treatment strategy. In this study, three anti-depressive potentials of Lactobacillus spp. (LAB), including L. rhamnosus GMNL-74, L. acidophilus GMNL-185 and L. plantarum GMNL-141, which combined to produce low dosage LAB (1.6 × 108 CFU/mouse, LABL) and high dosage LAB (4.8 × 108 CFU/mouse, LABH), were administered to C57BL/6 mice induced depression by ampicillin (Amp). A behavioral test of depression, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content measurement were executed to investigate the gut microbiota composition, activation of nutrient metabolism pathways, levels of inflammatory factors, gut-derived 5-HT biosynthesis genes, and SCFA levels in C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that after mice were induced by Amp, both LAB groups recovered from depressive behaviors, decreased the abundance of Firmicutes, and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the mouse ileum. The prediction of metabolism pathways of microbes revealed the activation of arginine and proline metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were increased, and fatty acid synthesis was decreased in both LAB groups. The LABH groups showed increased levels of acetic acid, propanoic acid, and iso-butyric acid and decreased butyric acid levels in the cecum. LABH treatment increased claudin-5 and reduced IL-6 mRNA expression. Both LAB groups also reduced monoamine oxidase, and the LABH group increased vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. These results showed that the composite of three LAB exerts antidepressant effects by regulating the gut microbiota and modifying the levels of depression-related metabolites in C57BL/6J Amp-treated mice. Full article
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12 pages, 1880 KiB  
Article
Oral Microbiota Signatures in the Pathogenesis of Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
by Mustafa Genco Erdem, Ozge Unlu, Fatma Ates, Denizhan Karis and Mehmet Demirci
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041012 - 26 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1652
Abstract
One of the most prevalent autoimmune illnesses in the world is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The gut–thyroid axis is frequently examined, and although oral health affects thyroid functions, there are limited data on how oral microbiota is linked to Hashimoto’s [...] Read more.
One of the most prevalent autoimmune illnesses in the world is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The gut–thyroid axis is frequently examined, and although oral health affects thyroid functions, there are limited data on how oral microbiota is linked to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The study aims to identify the oral microbiota from saliva samples taken from treated (with levothyroxine) and untreated female euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients as well as healthy controls who were age- and sex-matched to compare the oral microbiota across the groups and to contribute preliminary data to the literature. This study was designed as a single-center cross-sectional observational study. Sixty (60) female patients with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and eighteen (18) age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected. After DNA isolation, sequencing was performed by targeting the V3-V4 gene regions of the 16S rRNA on the MiSeq instrument. R scripts and SPSS were used for bioinformatic and statistical analysis. No significant differences were found in the diversity indices. However, Patescibacteria phylum showed a significantly higher abundance (3.59 vs. 1.12; p = 0.022) in the oral microbiota of HT patients compared to HC. In the oral microbiota, the euthyroid HT group had approximately 7, 9, and 10-fold higher levels of the Gemella, Enterococcus, and Bacillus genera levels than healthy controls, respectively. In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrated that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes changes in the oral microbiota, whereas the medicine used to treat the condition had no such effects. Therefore, revealing the core oral microbiota and long-term follow-up of the HT process by conducting extensive and multicenter studies might provide some important data for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. Full article
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17 pages, 3983 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the Lower Airways and Oral Microbiota in Healthy Young Persons in the Community
by Fernando Sergio Leitao Filho, Carli Monica Peters, Andrew William Sheel, Julia Yang, Corey Nislow, Stephen Lam, Janice M. Leung and Don D. Sin
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030841 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
Lower airway dysbiosis contributes to disease pathogenesis in respiratory diseases. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of lower airways or the oral cavity of healthy young persons. To address this gap, 25 healthy persons (24.3 ± 3.3 years; 52% females; no current [...] Read more.
Lower airway dysbiosis contributes to disease pathogenesis in respiratory diseases. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of lower airways or the oral cavity of healthy young persons. To address this gap, 25 healthy persons (24.3 ± 3.3 years; 52% females; no current smokers) underwent bronchoscopy during which bronchial brushing (BB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected. Prior to the procedure, an oral wash (OW) sample was also obtained. Microbiome analyses (16S rRNA locus) were performed (alpha- and beta-diversity, taxa annotations, and predicted functional metagenomic profiles) according to the airway compartment (BB, BAL, and OW). The greatest microbial richness was observed in OW and the lowest in BB (p < 0.001). Microbial communities differed significantly across compartments (p < 0.001), especially between BB and OW. Taxa analyses showed a significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes (BB: 32.7%; BAL: 31.4%) compared to OW (20.9%) (p < 0.001). Conversely, Proteobacteria predominated in OW (27.9%) as opposed to BB (7.0%) and BAL (12.5%) (p < 0.001), mostly due to a greater abundance of the bacteria in the Haemophilus genus in the OW (p < 0.001). The lower airway microbiota (BB and BAL) is significantly different from the OW microbiota in healthy young persons with respect to microbial diversity, taxa profiles, and predicted function. Full article
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