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Special Issue "Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers"

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A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 7527

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Prof. Dr. Georgios Giamas

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Guest Editor

School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
Interests: signaling; cancer; breast cancer; glioblastoma; microenvironment; exosomes; kinases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Teresa Gagliano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
Interests: protein kinase c; tumor; tgf-beta; pituitary adenoma cells; adrenocortical tumors; medullary thyroid carcinoma cells; tumor microenvironment; medullary thyroid carcinoma; fibroblast
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous cell-derived structures formed of membranes, and include exosomes and microvesicles. EVs are currently under intensively investigation for their involvement in cell–cell interaction. EVs are normally found in biological fluids such as blood and urine, and are emerging to have an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions, as EVs can includes in their membranous inner several biological molecules, including proteins, RNA and DNA. Therefore, EVs and their biologically active cargos may be exploited as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and/or as therapeutic targets in a range of diseases, including and particularly in cancer. This Special Issue aims to present the latest knowledge in the field and will cover all the topics relevant to EVs in human cancers. We invite researchers to contribute either original research or review articles focusing on every aspect regarding the role and function of EVs in cancer onset and progression.

Prof. Dr. Georgios Giamas
Prof. Dr. Teresa Gagliano
Guest Editors

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Keywords

exosome
extracellular vesicles
cancer
secretion

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1933 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Exosomal microRNAs and Their Targets in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells

Valentina Maggisano

Francesca Capriglione

Marialuisa Sponziello

and

Biomedicines 2022, 10(5), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10050961 - 21 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1557

Abstract

The release of molecules in exosomal cargoes is involved in tumor development and progression. We compared the profiles of exosomal microRNAs released by two thyroid cancer cell lines (TPC-1 and K1) with that of non-tumorigenic thyroid cells (Nthy-ori-3-1), and we explored the network of miRNA–target interaction. After extraction and characterization of exosomes, expression levels of microRNAs were investigated using custom TaqMan Advanced array cards, and compared with those expressed in the total cell extracts. The functional enrichment and network-based analysis of the miRNAs’ targets was also performed. Five microRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, and let-7i-3p) were significantly deregulated in the exosomes of tumor cells vs. non-tumorigenic cells, and three of them (miR-31-5p, miR-222-3p, and let-7i-3p) in the more aggressive K1 compared to TPC-1 cells. The network analysis of the five miRNAs identified some genes as targets of more than one miRNAs. These findings permitted the identification of exosomal microRNAs secreted by aggressive PTC cells, and indicated that their main targets are regulators of the tumor microenvironment. A deeper analysis of the functional role of the targets of exosomal miRNAs will provide further information on novel targets of molecular treatments for these neoplasms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers)

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21 pages, 5580 KiB

Open AccessArticle

BRAF^V600E Induction in Thyrocytes Triggers Important Changes in the miRNAs Content and the Populations of Extracellular Vesicles Released in Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment

Patrick Van Der Smissen

and

Christophe E. Pierreux

Biomedicines 2022, 10(4), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040755 - 23 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1777

Abstract

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy for which diagnosis and recurrences still challenge clinicians. New perspectives to overcome these issues could come from the study of extracellular vesicle (EV) populations and content. Here, we aimed to elucidate the heterogeneity of EVs circulating in the tumor and the changes in their microRNA content during cancer progression. Using a mouse model expressing BRAF^V600E, we isolated and characterized EVs from thyroid tissue by ultracentrifugations and elucidated their microRNA content by small RNA sequencing. The cellular origin of EVs was investigated by ExoView and that of deregulated EV-microRNA by qPCR on FACS-sorted cell populations. We found that PTC released more EVs bearing epithelial and immune markers, as compared to the healthy thyroid, so that changes in EV-microRNAs abundance were mainly due to their deregulated expression in thyrocytes. Altogether, our work provides a full description of in vivo-derived EVs produced by, and within, normal and cancerous thyroid. We elucidated the global EV-microRNAs signature, the dynamic loading of microRNAs in EVs upon BRAF^V600E induction, and their cellular origin. Finally, we propose that thyroid tumor-derived EV-microRNAs could support the establishment of a permissive immune microenvironment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers)

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15 pages, 1900 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Definition of an Inflammatory Biomarker Signature in Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles of Glioblastoma Patients

Nektarios K. Mazarakis

and

Biomedicines 2022, 10(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10010125 - 07 Jan 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3485

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive type of tumour for which therapeutic options and biomarkers are limited. GB diagnosis mostly relies on symptomatic presentation of the tumour and, in turn, brain imaging and invasive biopsy that can delay its diagnosis. Description of easily accessible and effective biomarkers present in biofluids would thus prove invaluable in GB diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from both GB and stromal cells are essential to intercellular crosstalk in the tumour bulk, and circulating EVs have been described as a potential reservoir of GB biomarkers. Therefore, EV-based liquid biopsies have been suggested as a promising tool for GB diagnosis and follow up. To identify GB specific proteins, sEVs were isolated from plasma samples of GB patients as well as healthy volunteers using differential ultracentrifugation, and their content was characterised through mass spectrometry. Our data indicate the presence of an inflammatory biomarker signature comprising members of the complement and regulators of inflammation and coagulation including VWF, FCGBP, C3, PROS1, and SERPINA1. Overall, this study is a step forward in the development of a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach for the identification of valuable biomarkers that could significantly improve GB diagnosis and, consequently, patients’ prognosis and quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers)

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