Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Pain and New Therapeutic Strategies Volume II

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 1751

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
Interests: pain pharmacology; chronic pain; neuropathic pain, visceral pain; peripheral nervous system; central nervous system; glia; neuroimmune interactions; gut microbiota
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic pain, which is predicted to affect up to 30% of adults worldwide, is one of the most frequent reasons for patients to seek medical care. Although pain itself is not immediately life-threatening, its persistence strongly impacts people’s quality of life. Different types of chronic pain can be identified based on their nature (somatic or visceral) and their etiopathogenesis (inflammatory pain, cancer pain, and neuropathic pain). It is generally acknowledged that chronic pain results from neuronal plasticity, involving both peripheral primary sensory neurons as well as central nociceptive neurons, leading to an altered perception of pain. The maladaptive response of the complex cellular network involved in the transmission and perception of pain dramatically upsets the nociceptive system as well as the physiological substrate of classical painkiller drugs. Despite recent advances in the identification of pain-generating mechanisms and the implementation of treatment guidelines, the management of chronic pain still represents a therapeutic problem. Thus, the identification of novel molecular and cellular targets for the development of effective and safe therapeutic strategies requires particular attention from the medical community. In recent years, the investigation has been shifted from neurons to non-neuronal cells able to modulate neuronal function and pain, like glial cells, immune cells, and gut microbiota. This Special Issue aims to collect original papers and reviews about pain mechanisms and suitable approaches to prevent and treat chronic pain in different pathologic conditions as a single therapy or as an adjuvant to other pain medications.

Dr. Elena Lucarini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chronic pain
  • neuropathic pain
  • visceral pain
  • musculoskeletal pain
  • pain biology
  • glial cells
  • neuroimmune interactions
  • gut microbiota
  • pain medicine
  • drug tolerance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2563 KiB  
Article
Differential Regulation of Intracisternally Injected Angiotensin II-Induced Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Rats
by Ki-Don Park, Jo-Young Son, Hak-Kyun Kim, Yu-Mi Kim, Jin-Sook Ju, Min-Jeong Jo, Min-Kyoung Park, Min-Kyung Lee and Dong-Kuk Ahn
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3279; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123279 - 12 Dec 2023
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Abstract
The present study examined the underlying mechanisms of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by the intracisternal injection of angiotensin (Ang) II. Intracisternal Ang II injection decreased the air puff threshold and head withdrawal latency. To determine the operative receptors for each distinct [...] Read more.
The present study examined the underlying mechanisms of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by the intracisternal injection of angiotensin (Ang) II. Intracisternal Ang II injection decreased the air puff threshold and head withdrawal latency. To determine the operative receptors for each distinct type of pain behavior, we intracisternally injected Ang II receptor antagonists 2 h after Ang II injection. Losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist, alleviated mechanical allodynia. Conversely, PD123319, an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT2R) antagonist, blocked only thermal hyperalgesia. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed the co-localization of AT1R with the astrocyte marker GFAP in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and co-localization of AT2R with CGRP-positive neurons in the trigeminal ganglion. Intracisternal pretreatment with minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, did not affect Ang II-induced mechanical allodynia, whereas L-α-aminoadipate, an astrocyte inhibitor, significantly inhibited Ang II-induced mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, subcutaneous pretreatment with botulinum toxin type A significantly alleviated Ang II-induced thermal hyperalgesia, but not Ang II-induced mechanical allodynia. These results indicate that central Ang II-induced nociception is differentially regulated by AT1R and AT2R. Thus, distinct therapeutic targets must be regulated to overcome pain symptoms caused by multiple underlying mechanisms. Full article
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11 pages, 1537 KiB  
Article
Antinociceptive Effect of the Combination of a Novel α4β2* Agonist with Donepezil in a Chronic Pain Model
by Fernanda B. de M. Monte, Tadeu L. Montagnoli, Bruno E. Dematté, Fernanda Gubert, Vitória S. Ventura, Jaqueline S. da Silva, Margarete M. Trachez, Rosalia Mendez-Otero and Gisele Zapata-Sudo
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3249; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123249 - 08 Dec 2023
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Abstract
Chronic pain presents a major challenge in contemporary medicine, given the limited effectiveness and numerous adverse effects linked to available treatments. Recognizing the potential of the cholinergic pathway as a therapeutic target, the present work evaluates the antinociceptive activity of a combination of [...] Read more.
Chronic pain presents a major challenge in contemporary medicine, given the limited effectiveness and numerous adverse effects linked to available treatments. Recognizing the potential of the cholinergic pathway as a therapeutic target, the present work evaluates the antinociceptive activity of a combination of Cris-104, a novel α4β2* receptor agonist, and donepezil, a central anticholinesterase agent. Isobolographic analysis revealed that equimolar combination was approximately 10 times more potent than theoretically calculated equipotent additive dose. Administration of Cris-104 and donepezil combination (3 μmol/kg) successfully reversed hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia observed in rats subjected to spinal nerve ligation (SNL). The combination also modulated neuroinflammation by reducing astrocyte activation, evident in the decreased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the spinal cord. The observed synergism in combining a nicotinic receptor agonist with an anticholinesterase agent underscores its potential for treating chronic pain. This alternative therapeutic distinct advantage, including dose reduction and high selectivity for the receptor, contribute to a more favorable profile with minimized adverse effects. Full article
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