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Biomedicines
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Nonthermal Plasma-Based Immunotherapy
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Nonthermal Plasma-Based Immunotherapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 4901

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dayun Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
Interests: cold atmospheric plasma; discharge; plasma medicine; biophysics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nonthermal plasma is generated in a rapid yet low-energy input streamer-discharge process at atmospheric pressure conditions. In many studies, nonthermal plasma is also referred to as cold atmospheric plasma, gas plasma, or physical plasma. The low degree of ionization makes nonthermal plasma only have a near-room temperature. Nonthermal plasma is an ionized gas composed of many reactive species and radicals. Physical factors in nonthermal plasma, such as the electromagnetic effect, may also have an unignorable effect on cells and tissues. These reactive components and their near-room-temperature nature make nonthermal plasma a powerful tool in medical applications, particularly cancer therapy. Nonthermal-plasma-based immunotherapeutics have recently shown promising applications in cancer therapy and other medical challenges. Therefore, it will become a key topic in plasma medicine and cancer therapy.

This Special Issue, “Nonthermal Plasma-Based Immunotherapy”, addresses this multidisciplinary field and focuses on the following topics:

  • Immune response of cells and tissues to nonthermal plasma and other related technologies.
  • Anti-tumor capability of nonthermal plasma-based immunotherapy.
  • Novel strategies to use nonthermal plasma in tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
  • Nonthermal-plasma-based vaccination.

Original research papers, communications, and review articles are welcome for this Special Issue.

Dr. Dayun Yan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nonthermal plasma
  • cancer therapy
  • immunotherapeutics
  • immune responses
  • plasma-based vaccination

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2322 KiB  
Article
Immunomodulatory Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma in a Model for Latent HIV-1 Infection: Implications for an HIV-1-Specific Immunotherapy
by Hager Mohamed, Rachel Berman, Jennifer Connors, Elias K. Haddad, Vandana Miller, Michael R. Nonnemacher, Will Dampier, Brian Wigdahl and Fred C. Krebs
Biomedicines 2023, 11(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010122 - 03 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1636
Abstract
In people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), antiretroviral therapy (ART) eventually becomes necessary to suppress the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication from latent reservoirs because HIV-1-specific immune responses in PLWH are suboptimal. Immunotherapies that enhance anti-HIV-1 immune responses for better [...] Read more.
In people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), antiretroviral therapy (ART) eventually becomes necessary to suppress the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication from latent reservoirs because HIV-1-specific immune responses in PLWH are suboptimal. Immunotherapies that enhance anti-HIV-1 immune responses for better control of virus reemergence from latent reservoirs are postulated to offer ART-free control of HIV-1. Toward the goal of developing an HIV-1-specific immunotherapy based on non-thermal plasma (NTP), the early immunological responses to NTP-exposed latently infected T lymphocytes were examined. Application of NTP to the J-Lat T-lymphocyte cell line (clones 10.6 and 15.4) stimulated monocyte recruitment and macrophage maturation, which are key steps in initiation of an immune response. In contrast, CD8+ T lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay were not stimulated by the presence of NTP-exposed J-Lat cells. Furthermore, co-culture of NTP-exposed J-Lat cells with mature phagocytes did not modulate their antigen presentation to primary CD8+ T lymphocytes (cross-presentation). However, reactivation from latency was stimulated in a clone-specific manner by NTP. Overall, these studies, which demonstrated that ex vivo application of NTP to latently infected lymphocytes can stimulate key immune cell responses, advance the development of an NTP-based immunotherapy that will provide ART-free control of HIV-1 reactivation in PLWH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonthermal Plasma-Based Immunotherapy)
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16 pages, 3792 KiB  
Article
Combined In Vitro Toxicity and Immunogenicity of Cold Plasma and Pulsed Electric Fields
by Christina M. Wolff, Juergen F. Kolb and Sander Bekeschus
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3084; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123084 - 30 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1198
Abstract
In modern oncology, therapies are based on combining monotherapies to overcome treatment resistance and increase therapy precision. The application of microsecond-pulsed electric fields (PEF) is approved to enhance local chemotherapeutic drug uptake within combination electrochemotherapy regimens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated [...] Read more.
In modern oncology, therapies are based on combining monotherapies to overcome treatment resistance and increase therapy precision. The application of microsecond-pulsed electric fields (PEF) is approved to enhance local chemotherapeutic drug uptake within combination electrochemotherapy regimens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in anticancer effects, and cold physical plasma produces vast amounts of ROS, which have recently been shown to benefit head and neck cancer patients. PEF and cold plasma technology have been linked to immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction, a regulated cell death accompanied by sterile inflammation that promotes antitumor immunity. To this end, we investigated the combined effect of both treatments regarding their intracellular ROS accumulation, toxicity, ICD-related marker expression, and optimal exposure sequence in a leukemia model cell line. The combination treatment substantially increased ROS and intracellular glutathione levels, leading to additive cytotoxic effects accompanied by a significantly increased expression of ICD markers, such as the eat-me signal calreticulin (CRT). Preconditioned treatment with cold plasma followed by PEF exposure was the most potent treatment sequence. The results indicate additive effects of cold plasma and PEF, motivating further studies in skin and breast tumor models for the future improvement of ECT in such patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonthermal Plasma-Based Immunotherapy)
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15 pages, 1493 KiB  
Opinion
Impact of Non-Invasive Physical Plasma on Heat Shock Protein Functionality in Eukaryotic Cells
by Yanqing Wang, Alexander Abazid, Steffen Badendieck, Alexander Mustea and Matthias B. Stope
Biomedicines 2023, 11(5), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051471 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1440
Abstract
Recently, biomedical research has increasingly investigated physical plasma as an innovative therapeutic approach with a number of therapeutic biomedical effects. It is known from radiation and chemotherapy that these applications can lead to the induction and activation of primarily cytoprotective heat shock proteins [...] Read more.
Recently, biomedical research has increasingly investigated physical plasma as an innovative therapeutic approach with a number of therapeutic biomedical effects. It is known from radiation and chemotherapy that these applications can lead to the induction and activation of primarily cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP protect cells and tissues from physical, (bio)chemical, and physiological stress and, ultimately, along with other mechanisms, govern resistance and treatment failure. These mechanisms are well known and comparatively well studied in drug therapy. For therapies in the field of physical plasma medicine, however, extremely little data are available to date. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current studies on the interaction of physical plasma with the cellular HSP system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonthermal Plasma-Based Immunotherapy)
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