The trajectory of the immune system response to acute illness determines the ability of individuals to recover. This initial response has short- and long-term consequences. The early immunological response is pivotal for the ability of patients to control invading pathogens or respond to insult, while the long-term response is pivotal to define extended recovery from illness. More and more appreciation is brought to the fact that the immune system does not function in only health and sick states, but several other characteristics are possible. The inherited disease of the immune system represents such abnormal states, but patients with autoimmune illnesses, on chemotherapy, immunosuppressed for transplantation purposes, or post-bone marrow or CART therapy are more prevalent examples of “atypical” immune system characteristics. Furthermore, patients surviving severe illnesses (trauma, sepsis, surgery, others) often suffer from acquired immune system abnormalities. Consequently, the immune system in a healthy patient is not a singular definition but a multidimensional construct.

This Special Issue of BioMed invites manuscripts (original work, reviews, case series) dealing with the immune system’s performance under “atypical” conditions, with special emphasis on the immune system as a determinant of recovery. Articles from the fields of autoimmune disease, critical care, COVID-19, transplant, and oncology are welcome. We will consider human, animal in silico, and clinical studies.

Dr. Krzysztof Laudanski
Dr. Cisco Francisco Gomez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. BioMed is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

• Immune system
• Homeostasis
• Allostasis
• Regulation
• Performance
• Recovery
• Long term
• Outcome
• Atypical