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Bioengineering
Special Issues
Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions
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Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2023) | Viewed by 13501

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Peng Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Artificial Organ Technology Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
Interests: hemodynamics; CFD; blood pumps; modeling of blood damage; design and optimization of blood contacting devices
Prof. Dr. Zengsheng Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Interests: hemodynamics; biomechanics; artificial pump lung; ECMO; mechanical assist device; thrombosis; blood damage
Dr. Qiang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering Southeast University, Nanjing, China
Interests: cardiovascular biomechanics; stent/scaffold design and evaluation; bone biomechanics; tissue engineering
Prof. Dr. Tinghui Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: hemodynamics; cardiovascular system; CFD; artificial intelligence in cardiovascular disease; design and optimization of blood contacting devices

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Blood-contacting artificial organs, including blood pumps, hemodialyzers, membrane oxygenators, catheters, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) components, stents, heart valves, grafts, hemodialysis catheters, etc., are commonly applied to treat and/or bridge patients suffering from organ failure of various etiologies in the circulatory system. It is well known that blood-contacting devices can be followed by hemolytic and thromboembolic consequences, for which anticoagulant therapy is mandatory. These phenomena are triggered by blood–device interaction in terms of both and mechanical and chemical stimuli. The exposure to non-physiological stress in the flow field may induce hemolysis and trigger platelet activation and aggregation, which is one of the driving factors for thrombosis. Application of biomaterials in direct blood contact activates blood coagulation system and an inflammatory reaction. Computer simulations represent an important tool to study the hemodynamics of blood-contacting artificial organs, device–organ interaction, and device-induced blood damage, and to aid the design and optimization of these devices. The design requirements of blood-contacting devices are much higher than those of ordinary equipment, which requires simulations to have sufficient accuracy.

Therefore, this Special Issue looks for papers in areas including, but not limited to, computational solid mechanics; computational fluid mechanics; modeling of blood damage such as hemolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, etc.; study on the interaction between device; blood vessels/heart and circulatory systems; and design and optimization of blood contacting devices using computational modeling.

Dr. Peng Wu
Prof. Dr. Zengsheng Chen
Dr. Qiang Chen
Prof. Dr. Tinghui Zheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hemodynamics
  • simulation
  • finite element method
  • fluid–structure interaction
  • hemolysis, platelet activation and thrombosis
  • design and optimization of blood contacting devices

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Short-Term and Long-Term Risks Associated with Renal Artery Stenosis Position and Severity: A Hemodynamic Study
by Yawei Zhao, Yike Shi, Yusheng Jin, Yifan Cao, Hui Song, Lingfeng Chen, Fen Li, Xiaona Li and Weiyi Chen
Bioengineering 2023, 10(9), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091002 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 753
Abstract
Background: Moderate renal artery stenosis (50–70%) may lead to uncontrolled hypertension and eventually cause irreversible damage to renal function. However, the clinical criteria for interventional treatment are still ambiguous in this condition. This study investigated the impact of the position and degree of [...] Read more.
Background: Moderate renal artery stenosis (50–70%) may lead to uncontrolled hypertension and eventually cause irreversible damage to renal function. However, the clinical criteria for interventional treatment are still ambiguous in this condition. This study investigated the impact of the position and degree of renal artery stenosis on hemodynamics near the renal artery to assess the short-term and long-term risks associated with this disease. Methods: Calculation models with different degrees of stenosis (50%, 60%, and 70%) located at different positions in the right renal artery were established based on the computed tomography angiography (CTA) of a personalized case. And computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze hemodynamic surroundings near the renal artery. Results: As the degree of stenosis increases and the stenosis position is far away from the aorta, there is a decrease in renal perfusion. An analysis of the wall shear stress (WSS)-related parameters indicated areas near the renal artery (downstream of the stenosis and the entrance of the right renal artery) with potential long-term risks of thrombosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The position and degree of stenosis play a significant role in judging short-term risks associated with renal perfusion. Moreover, clinicians should consider not only short-term risks but also independent long-term risk factors, such as certain regions of 50% stenosis with adequate renal perfusion may necessitate prompt intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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16 pages, 8652 KiB  
Article
Hemodynamic Evaluation of a Centrifugal Left Atrial Decompression Pump for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
by Navideh Abbasnezhad, Mathieu Specklin, Farid Bakir, Pascal Leprince and Pichoy Danial
Bioengineering 2023, 10(3), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10030366 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
This article discusses a new continuous flow mini pump that has been developed to improve symptoms and prognosis in patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), for which there are currently no established treatments. The pump is designed to discharge a [...] Read more.
This article discusses a new continuous flow mini pump that has been developed to improve symptoms and prognosis in patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF), for which there are currently no established treatments. The pump is designed to discharge a reduced percentage of blood volume from the left atrium to the subclavian artery, clamped at the bifurcation with the aortic arch. The overall specifications, design parameters, and hemodynamics of this new device are discussed, along with data from in vitro circulation loop tests and numerical simulations. The article also compares the results for two configurations of the pump with respect to key indicators of hemocompatibility used in blood pump development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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16 pages, 4523 KiB  
Article
Influence of Inlet Boundary Conditions on the Prediction of Flow Field and Hemolysis in Blood Pumps Using Large-Eddy Simulation
by Wen-Jing Xiang, Jia-Dong Huo, Wei-Tao Wu and Peng Wu
Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020274 - 20 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1891
Abstract
Inlet boundary conditions (BC) are one of the uncertainties which may influence the prediction of flow field and hemolysis in blood pumps. This study investigated the influence of inlet BC, including the length of inlet pipe, type of inlet BC (mass flow rate [...] Read more.
Inlet boundary conditions (BC) are one of the uncertainties which may influence the prediction of flow field and hemolysis in blood pumps. This study investigated the influence of inlet BC, including the length of inlet pipe, type of inlet BC (mass flow rate or experimental velocity profile) and turbulent intensity (no perturbation, 5%, 10%, 20%) on the prediction of flow field and hemolysis of a benchmark centrifugal blood pump (the FDA blood pump) and a commercial axial blood pump (Heartmate II), using large-eddy simulation. The results show that the influence of boundary conditions on integral pump performance metrics, including pressure head and hemolysis, is negligible. The influence on local flow structures, such as velocity distributions, mainly existed in the inlet. For the centrifugal FDA blood pump, the influence of type of inlet BC and inlet position on velocity distributions can also be observed at the diffuser. Overall, the effects of position of inlet and type of inlet BC need to be considered if local flow structures are the focus, while the influence of turbulent intensity is negligible and need not be accounted for during numerical simulations of blood pumps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 4182 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Postoperative Remodeling Characteristics after Modular Inner Branched Stent-Graft Treatment of Aortic Arch Pathologies Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
by Fen Li, Yating Zhu, Hui Song, Hongpeng Zhang, Lingfeng Chen and Wei Guo
Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020164 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1413
Abstract
The modular inner branched stent-graft (MIBSG), a novel interventional therapy, has demonstrated good effects in the endovascular treatment of aortic arch pathologies, especially those involving the supra-aortic branches. Nevertheless, the long-term efficacy of the MIBSG and in-depth quantitative evaluation of postoperative outcomes remain [...] Read more.
The modular inner branched stent-graft (MIBSG), a novel interventional therapy, has demonstrated good effects in the endovascular treatment of aortic arch pathologies, especially those involving the supra-aortic branches. Nevertheless, the long-term efficacy of the MIBSG and in-depth quantitative evaluation of postoperative outcomes remain to be examined. Moreover, the regularity of postoperative vascular remodeling induced by MIBSG implantation has yet to be explored. To address these questions, we constructed four models (normal, preoperative, 1 week postoperative, and 6 months postoperative) based on a single patient case to perform computational fluid dynamics simulations. The morphological and hemodynamic characteristics, including the velocity profile, flow rate distribution, and hemodynamic parameter distribution (wall shear stress and its derivative parameters), were investigated. After MIBSG implantation, the morphology of the supra-aortic branches changed significantly, and the branch point moved forward to the proximal ascending aorta. Moreover, the curvature radius of the aortic arch axis continued to change. These changes in morphology altered the characteristics of the flow field and wall shear stress distribution. As a result, the local forces exerted on the vessel wall by the blood led to vessel remodeling. This study provides insight into the vascular remodeling process after MIBSG implantation, which occurs as a result of the interplay between vascular morphological characteristics and blood flow characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 2995 KiB  
Article
Computational Modelling of Cerebral Blood Flow Rate at Different Stages of Moyamoya Disease in Adults and Children
by Surhan Bozkurt and Selim Bozkurt
Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010077 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disorder which causes a decrease in the cerebral blood flow rate. In this study, a lumped parameter model describing the pressures and flow rates in the heart chambers, circulatory system, and cerebral circulation with the main arteries in [...] Read more.
Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disorder which causes a decrease in the cerebral blood flow rate. In this study, a lumped parameter model describing the pressures and flow rates in the heart chambers, circulatory system, and cerebral circulation with the main arteries in the circle of Willis, pial circulation, cerebral capillaries, and veins was used to simulate Moyamoya disease with and without coarctation of the aorta in adults and children. Cerebral blood flow rates were 724 mL/min and 1072 mL/min in the healthy adult and child cardiovascular system models. The cerebral blood flow rates in the adult and child cardiovascular system models simulating Moyamoya disease were 676 mL/min and 1007 mL/min in stage 1, 627 mL/min and 892 mL/min in stage 2, 571 mL/min and 831 in stage 3, and 444 and 537 mL/min in stage 4. The cerebral blood flow rates were 926 mL/min and 1421 mL/min in the adult and child cardiovascular system models simulating coarctation of the aorta. Furthermore, the cerebral blood flow rates in the adult and child cardiovascular system model simulating Moyamoya disease with coarctation of the aorta were 867 mL/min and 1341 mL/min in stage 1, 806 mL/min and 1197 mL/min in stage 2, 735 mL/min and 1121 in stage 3, and 576 and 741 mL/min in stage 4. The numerical model utilised in this study can simulate the advancing stages of Moyamoya disease and evaluate the associated risks with Moyamoya disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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14 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Hemodynamic Effect of Pulsatile on Blood Flow Distribution with VA ECMO: A Numerical Study
by Kaiyun Gu, Sizhe Gao, Zhe Zhang, Bingyang Ji and Yu Chang
Bioengineering 2022, 9(10), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100487 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2733
Abstract
The pulsatile properties of arterial flow and pressure have been thought to be important. Nevertheless, a gap still exists in the hemodynamic effect of pulsatile flow in improving blood flow distribution of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) supported by the circulatory system. [...] Read more.
The pulsatile properties of arterial flow and pressure have been thought to be important. Nevertheless, a gap still exists in the hemodynamic effect of pulsatile flow in improving blood flow distribution of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) supported by the circulatory system. The finite-element models, consisting of the aorta, VA ECMO, and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) are proposed for fluid-structure interaction calculation of the mechanical response. Group A is cardiogenic shock with 1.5 L/min of cardiac output. Group B is cardiogenic shock with VA ECMO. Group C is added to IABP based on Group B. The sum of the blood flow of cardiac output and VA ECMO remains constant at 4.5 L/min in Group B and Group C. With the recovery of the left ventricular, the flow of VA ECMO declines, and the effective blood of IABP increases. IABP plays the function of balancing blood flow between left arteria femoralis and right arteria femoralis compared with VA ECMO only. The difference of the equivalent energy pressure (dEEP) is crossed at 2.0 L/min to 1.5 L/min of VA ECMO. PPI’ (the revised pulse pressure index) with IABP is twice as much as without IABP. The intersection with two opposing blood generates the region of the aortic arch for the VA ECMO (Group B). In contrast to the VA ECMO, the blood intersection appears from the descending aorta to the renal artery with VA ECMO and IABP. The maximum time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) of the renal artery is a significant difference with or not IABP (VA ECMO: 2.02 vs. 1.98 vs. 2.37 vs. 2.61 vs. 2.86 Pa; VA ECMO and IABP: 8.02 vs. 6.99 vs. 6.62 vs. 6.30 vs. 5.83 Pa). In conclusion, with the recovery of the left ventricle, the flow of VA ECMO declines and the effective blood of IABP increases. The difference between the equivalent energy pressure (EEP) and the surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) indicates the loss of pulsation from the left ventricular to VA ECMO. 2.0 L/min to 1.5 L/min of VA ECMO showing a similar hemodynamic energy loss with the weak influence of IABP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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12 pages, 2350 KiB  
Article
Fast and Accurate Computation of the Displacement Force of Stent Grafts after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
by Ming Qing, Zhan Liu and Tinghui Zheng
Bioengineering 2022, 9(9), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090447 - 06 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Purpose: Currently, the displacement force of stent grafts is generally obtained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which requires professional CFD knowledge to perform the correct simulation. This study proposes a fast, simple, and clinician-friendly approach to calculating the patient-specific displacement force after endovascular [...] Read more.
Purpose: Currently, the displacement force of stent grafts is generally obtained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which requires professional CFD knowledge to perform the correct simulation. This study proposes a fast, simple, and clinician-friendly approach to calculating the patient-specific displacement force after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: Twenty patient-specific post-EVAR computed tomography angiography images were used to reconstruct the patient-specific three-dimensional models, then the displacement forces were calculated using CFD and the proposed approaches, respectively, and their numerical differences were compared and analyzed. Results: Based on the derivation and simplification of the momentum theorem, the patient-specific displacement forces were obtained using the information of the patient-specific pressure, cross-sectional area, and angulation of the two stent graft ends, and the average relative error was no greater than 1.37% when compared to the displacement forces calculated by CFD. In addition, the linear regression analysis also showed good agreement between the displacement force values calculated by the new approach and CFD (R = 0.999). Conclusions: The proposed approach can quickly and accurately calculate the patient-specific displacement force on a stent graft and can therefore help clinicians quickly evaluate the post-EVAR displacement force. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling of Blood Contacting Devices: Updates and Future Directions)
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