Research

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17 pages, 43046 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research Hotspots and Trends of Bone Xenograft in Clinical Procedures: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of the Past Decade

by Jiayue Li, Yujue Zhao, Shili Chen, Simin Wang, Wen Zhong and Qing Zhang

Bioengineering 2023, 10(8), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10080929 - 04 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1323

Abstract

Background: Bone defect therapy is a common clinical challenge for orthopedic and clinical physicians worldwide, and the therapeutic effect affects the physiological function and healthy life quality of millions of patients. Compared with traditional autogenous bone transplants, bone xenografts are attracting attention due [...] Read more.

Background: Bone defect therapy is a common clinical challenge for orthopedic and clinical physicians worldwide, and the therapeutic effect affects the physiological function and healthy life quality of millions of patients. Compared with traditional autogenous bone transplants, bone xenografts are attracting attention due to their advantages of unlimited availability and avoidance of secondary damage. However, there is currently a lack of bibliometric analysis on bone xenograft. This study aimed to use bibliometric methods to analyze the literature on bone xenograft from 2013 to 2023, to explore the current status, hotspots, and future trends of research in this field, and to promote its development and progress. Methods: Using the Web of Science Core Collection database, we retrieved and collected publication data related to xenogeneic bone grafting materials worldwide from January 2013 to March 2023. Origin (2021), CiteSpace (6.2.R2 standard), and an online bibliometric platform were used for bibliometric analysis and data visualization. Results: A total of 3395 documents were retrieved, and 686 eligible papers were selected. The country and institutions with the highest number of publications and centrality were the United States (125 papers, centrality = 0.44) and the University of Zurich (29 papers, centrality = 0.28), respectively. The most cited author was Araujo MG (163 times), and the author with the most significant centrality was Froum SJ (centrality = 0.09). The main keyword clusters were “tissue engineering”, “sinus floor elevation”, “dental implants”, “tooth extraction”, and “bone substitutes”. The most significant bursting keywords in the last three years were “platelet rich fibrin”. Conclusions: Research on bone xenograft is steadily growing and will continue to rise. Currently, research hotspots and directions are mainly focused on dental implants related to bone-augmentation techniques and bone tissue engineering. In the future, research hotspots and directions may focus on decellularization technology and investigations involving platelet-rich fibrin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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14 pages, 7607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Significant Potential of Simonkolleite Powder for Deep Wound Healing under a Moist Environment: In Vivo Histological Evaluation Using a Rat Model

by Osamu Yamamoto, Miki Nagashima, Yoshimi Nakata and Etsuro Udagawa

Bioengineering 2023, 10(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10030375 - 19 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2668

Abstract

In the present work, simonkolleite powder consisting of Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O composition was proposed as a new candidate material for the healing of deep wounds in a moist environment. The powder was synthesized using a solution process [...] Read more.

In the present work, simonkolleite powder consisting of Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O composition was proposed as a new candidate material for the healing of deep wounds in a moist environment. The powder was synthesized using a solution process and evaluated for wound-healing effects in rats. The pH value of physiological saline at 37 °C using the simonkolleite powder was 7.27, which was the optimal pH value for keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation (range: 7.2–8.3). The amount of Zn²⁺ ions sustainably released from simonkolleite powder into physiological saline was 404 mmol/L below cytotoxic ion concentrations (<500 mmol/L), and the rhombohedral simonkolleite was accordingly converted to monoclinic Zn₅(OH)₁₀·2H₂O. To evaluate the wound-healing effect of simonkolleite powder, the powder was applied to a full-thickness surgical wound reaching the subcutaneous tissue in the rat’s abdomen. The histological analysis of the skin tissues collected after 1, 2, and 4 weeks found that angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and maturation were notedly accelerated due to the Zn²⁺ ions released from simonkolleite powder. The simonkolleite regenerated collagen close to autologous skin tissue after 4 weeks. The hair follicles, one of the skin appendages, were observed on the regenerative skin in the simonkolleite group at 4 weeks but not in the control group. Therefore, simonkolleite was hypothesized to stimulate the early regeneration of skin tissue in a moist environment, compared with commercial wound dressing material. These results suggested that simonkolleite could offer great potential as new wound dressing material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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20 pages, 26374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Histological Characterization of Class I HLA Molecules in Whole Umbilical Cord Tissue Towards an Inexhaustible Graft Alternative for Reconstructive Surgery

by Yue Ying Yao, Dennis K. Lee, Stephanie Jarvi, Marjan Farshadi, Minzhi Sheng, Sara Mar, Ori Nevo and Hon S. Leong

Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010110 - 12 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1882

Abstract

Background: Limited graft availability is a constant clinical concern. Hence, the umbilical cord (UC) is an attractive alternative to autologous grafts. The UC is an inexhaustible tissue source, and its removal is harmless and part of standard of care after the birth of [...] Read more.

Background: Limited graft availability is a constant clinical concern. Hence, the umbilical cord (UC) is an attractive alternative to autologous grafts. The UC is an inexhaustible tissue source, and its removal is harmless and part of standard of care after the birth of the baby. Minimal information exists regarding the immunological profile of a whole UC when it is considered to be used as a tissue graft. We aimed to characterize the localization and levels of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) to understand the allogenicity of the UC. Additionally, HLA-E and HLA-G are putative immunosuppressive antigens that are abundant in placenta, but their profiles in UC whole tissue are unclear. Hypothesis: The UC as a whole expresses a relatively low but ubiquitous level of HLA-ABC and significant levels of HLA-G and HLA-E. Methods: Healthy patients with no known pregnancy-related complications were approached for informed consent. UCs at term and between 12 and 19 weeks were collected to compare HLA profiles by gestational age. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned to 5 µm and immunohistochemically stained with a pan-HLA-ABC, two HLA-G-specific, or an HLA-E-specific antibody. Results: HLA-ABC was consistently found present in UCs. HLA-ABC was most concentrated in the UC vessel walls and amniotic epithelium but more dispersed in the Wharton’s Jelly. HLA-E had a similar localization pattern to HLA-ABC in whole UC tissues at both gestational ages, but its protein level was lower. HLA-G localization and intensity were poor in all UC tissues analyzed, but additional analyses by Western immunoblot and mass spectrometry revealed a low level of HLA-G in the UC. Conclusion: The UC may address limitations of graft availability. Rather than the presence of HLA-G, the immunosuppressive properties of the UC are more likely due to the abundance of HLA-E and the interaction known to occur between HLA-E and HLA–ABC. The co-localization of HLA-E and HLA-ABC suggests that HLA-E is likely presenting HLA-ABC leader peptides to immune cells, which is known to have a primarily inhibitory effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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Review

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14 pages, 1379 KiB

Open AccessReview

Investigating Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Preventing the Foreign Body Response

by Alexia Kim, Mauricio A. Downer, Charlotte E. Berry, Caleb Valencia, Alex Z. Fazilat and Michelle Griffin

Bioengineering 2023, 10(12), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10121411 - 11 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1193

Abstract

Implantable biomaterials represent the forefront of regenerative medicine, providing platforms and vessels for delivering a creative range of therapeutic benefits in diverse disease contexts. However, the chronic damage resulting from implant rejection tends to outweigh the intended healing benefits, presenting a considerable challenge [...] Read more.

Implantable biomaterials represent the forefront of regenerative medicine, providing platforms and vessels for delivering a creative range of therapeutic benefits in diverse disease contexts. However, the chronic damage resulting from implant rejection tends to outweigh the intended healing benefits, presenting a considerable challenge when implementing treatment-based biomaterials. In response to implant rejection, proinflammatory macrophages and activated fibroblasts contribute to a synergistically destructive process of uncontrolled inflammation and excessive fibrosis. Understanding the complex biomaterial–host cell interactions that occur within the tissue microenvironment is crucial for the development of therapeutic biomaterials that promote tissue integration and minimize the foreign body response. Recent modifications of specific material properties enhance the immunomodulatory capabilities of the biomaterial and actively aid in taming the immune response by tuning interactions with the surrounding microenvironment either directly or indirectly. By incorporating modifications that amplify anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative mechanisms, biomaterials can be optimized to maximize their healing benefits in harmony with the host immune system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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18 pages, 2103 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Biomaterials for Wound Healing

by Mauricio Downer, Charlotte E. Berry, Jennifer B. Parker, Lionel Kameni and Michelle Griffin

Bioengineering 2023, 10(12), 1378; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10121378 - 30 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

Wound healing is the body’s process of injury recovery. Skin healing is divided into four distinct overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Cell-to-cell interactions mediated by both cytokines and chemokines are imperative for the transition between these phases. Patients can face difficulties [...] Read more.

Wound healing is the body’s process of injury recovery. Skin healing is divided into four distinct overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Cell-to-cell interactions mediated by both cytokines and chemokines are imperative for the transition between these phases. Patients can face difficulties in the healing process due to the wound being too large, decreased vascularization, infection, or additional burdens of a systemic illness. The field of tissue engineering has been investigating biomaterials as an alternative for skin regeneration. Biomaterials used for wound healing may be natural, synthetic, or a combination of both. Once a specific biomaterial is selected, it acts as a scaffold for skin regeneration. When the scaffold is applied to a wound, it allows for the upregulation of distinct molecular signaling pathways important for skin repair. Although tissue engineering has made great progress, more research is needed in order to support the use of biomaterials for wound healing for clinical translation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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33 pages, 4007 KiB

Open AccessReview

Placental-Derived Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing: A Review

by Nicole M. Protzman, Yong Mao, Desiree Long, Raja Sivalenka, Anna Gosiewska, Robert J. Hariri and Stephen A. Brigido

Bioengineering 2023, 10(7), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070829 - 12 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3495

Abstract

Chronic wounds are associated with considerable patient morbidity and present a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. Often, chronic wounds are in a state of persistent inflammation and unable to progress to the next phase of wound healing. Placental-derived biomaterials are recognized [...] Read more.

Chronic wounds are associated with considerable patient morbidity and present a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. Often, chronic wounds are in a state of persistent inflammation and unable to progress to the next phase of wound healing. Placental-derived biomaterials are recognized for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory, and immune privileged properties. As such, placental-derived biomaterials have been used in wound management for more than a century. Placental-derived scaffolds are composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) that can mimic the native tissue, creating a reparative environment to promote ECM remodeling, cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Reliable evidence exists throughout the literature to support the safety and effectiveness of placental-derived biomaterials in wound healing. However, differences in source (i.e., anatomical regions of the placenta), preservation techniques, decellularization status, design, and clinical application have not been fully evaluated. This review provides an overview of wound healing and placental-derived biomaterials, summarizes the clinical results of placental-derived scaffolds in wound healing, and suggests directions for future work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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Graphical abstract

24 pages, 3393 KiB

Open AccessReview

Extracellular Matrix-Based and Electrospun Scaffolding Systems for Vaginal Reconstruction

by Saeed Farzamfar, Elissa Elia, Megan Richer, Stéphane Chabaud, Mohammad Naji and Stéphane Bolduc

Bioengineering 2023, 10(7), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070790 - 01 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1471

Abstract

Congenital vaginal anomalies and pelvic organ prolapse affect different age groups of women and both have significant negative impacts on patients’ psychological well-being and quality of life. While surgical and non-surgical treatments are available for vaginal defects, their efficacy is limited, and they [...] Read more.

Congenital vaginal anomalies and pelvic organ prolapse affect different age groups of women and both have significant negative impacts on patients’ psychological well-being and quality of life. While surgical and non-surgical treatments are available for vaginal defects, their efficacy is limited, and they often result in long-term complications. Therefore, alternative treatment options are urgently needed. Fortunately, tissue-engineered scaffolds are promising new treatment modalities that provide an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like environment for vaginal cells to adhere, secrete ECM, and be remodeled by host cells. To this end, ECM-based scaffolds or the constructs that resemble ECM, generated by self-assembly, decellularization, or electrospinning techniques, have gained attention from both clinicians and researchers. These biomimetic scaffolds are highly similar to the native vaginal ECM and have great potential for clinical translation. This review article aims to discuss recent applications, challenges, and future perspectives of these scaffolds in vaginal reconstruction or repair strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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43 pages, 9732 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of 3D Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Principles, Fabrication Techniques, Immunomodulatory Roles, and Challenges

by Ahmed G. Abdelaziz, Hassan Nageh, Sara M. Abdo, Mohga S. Abdalla, Asmaa A. Amer, Abdalla Abdal-hay and Ahmed Barhoum

Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 204; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020204 - 03 Feb 2023

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 7929

Abstract

Over the last few years, biopolymers have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the great diversity of their chemical, mechanical, and physical properties for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. This review is devoted to recent advances in synthetic [...] Read more.

Over the last few years, biopolymers have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the great diversity of their chemical, mechanical, and physical properties for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. This review is devoted to recent advances in synthetic and natural polymeric 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative therapies. The review comprehensively discusses the implications of biological macromolecules, structure, and composition of polymeric scaffolds used in BTE. Various approaches to fabricating 3D BTE scaffolds are discussed, including solvent casting and particle leaching, freeze-drying, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, electrospinning, and sol–gel techniques. Rapid prototyping technologies such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, and 3D bioprinting are also covered. The immunomodulatory roles of polymeric scaffolds utilized for BTE applications are discussed. In addition, the features and challenges of 3D polymer scaffolds fabricated using advanced additive manufacturing technologies (rapid prototyping) are addressed and compared to conventional subtractive manufacturing techniques. Finally, the challenges of applying scaffold-based BTE treatments in practice are discussed in-depth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Their Application to Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering)

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