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Bioengineering
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Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring
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Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosignal Processing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 6787

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Manob Saikia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Computing, Engineering and Construction, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
Interests: fNIRS; EEG; wearables; healthcare technologies; bioelectronics; medical device; internet of things; neural engineering; bioinstrumentation; multimodal sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wearable sensor technologies continue to advance, and their use in healthcare is growing rapidly. With ongoing research, their capabilities continue to expand, making them smaller, smarter, more accurate, unobtrusive, comfortable, and inexpensive, as well as capable of continuously measuring and monitoring multiple human physiological parameters simultaneously. The combination of flexible wearable sensing technologies and an integrated measurement system with IoT and AI capabilities can enable unprecedented healthcare, safety, sports, wellness, and daily lifestyle-related applications. However, there are still technological challenges in adopting wearables for reliably making diagnostic decisions and managing chronic disease and preventive care. This Special Issue focuses on wearable sensors and measurement systems for human physiology monitoring, covering challenges and recent advancements. The topics of interest are as follows: bioelectronics and bioinstrumentation; wearable neuroimaging; flexible biosensors and bioelectronicsInternet of Things for healthcare; prototyping and fabrication of novel wearable sensors; health measurement hardware systems; signal processing for wearable sensor systems; sensing and measurement of physiological parameters; biomedical systems for injury prevention and rehabilitation; chronic disease management; and reviews of wearables, emerging applications, and trends.

Dr. Manob Saikia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wearable sensor
  • measurement system
  • bioinstrumentation
  • wearable neuroimaging
  • flexible biosensors
  • bioelectronics
  • Internet of Things in healthcare
  • prototyping
  • signal processing
  • physiological measurement
  • parameters
  • injury prevention
  • rehabilitation
  • wellness monitoring
  • chronic disease

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 524 KiB  
Article
Dyadic and Individual Variation in 24-Hour Heart Rates of Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers
by Rajnish Kumar, Junhan Fu, Bengie L. Ortiz, Xiao Cao, Kerby Shedden and Sung Won Choi
Bioengineering 2024, 11(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010095 - 18 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1010
Abstract
Background: Twenty-four-hour heart rate (HR) integrates multiple physiological and psychological systems related to health and well-being, and can be continuously monitored in high temporal resolution over several days with wearable HR monitors. Using HR data from two independent datasets of cancer patients and [...] Read more.
Background: Twenty-four-hour heart rate (HR) integrates multiple physiological and psychological systems related to health and well-being, and can be continuously monitored in high temporal resolution over several days with wearable HR monitors. Using HR data from two independent datasets of cancer patients and their caregivers, we aimed to identify dyadic and individual patterns of 24 h HR variation and assess their relationship to demographic, environmental, psychological, and clinical variables of interest. Methods: a novel regularized approach to high-dimensional canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to identify factors reflecting dyadic and individual variation in the 24 h (circadian) HR trajectories of 430 people in 215 dyads, then regression analysis was used to relate these patterns to explanatory variables. Results: Four distinct factors of dyadic covariation in circadian HR were found, contributing approximately 7% to overall circadian HR variation. These factors, along with non-dyadic factors reflecting individual variation exhibited diverse and statistically robust patterns of association with explanatory variables of interest. Conclusions: Both dyadic and individual anomalies are present in the 24 h HR patterns of cancer patients and their caregivers. These patterns are largely synchronous, and their presence robustly associates with multiple explanatory variables. One notable finding is that higher mood scores in cancer patients correspond to an earlier HR nadir in the morning and higher HR during the afternoon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring)
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24 pages, 15417 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Morlet Wavelet Analysis for Artifact Detection in Low-Frequency Commercial Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Systems
by Tobias Bergmann, Logan Froese, Alwyn Gomez, Amanjyot Singh Sainbhi, Nuray Vakitbilir, Abrar Islam, Kevin Stein, Izzy Marquez, Fiorella Amenta, Kevin Park, Younis Ibrahim and Frederick A. Zeiler
Bioengineering 2024, 11(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010033 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), a method of cerebral tissue oxygenation measurement, is recorded using non-invasive near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. A major limitation is that recorded signals often contain artifacts. Manually removing these artifacts is both resource and time consuming. The [...] Read more.
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), a method of cerebral tissue oxygenation measurement, is recorded using non-invasive near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. A major limitation is that recorded signals often contain artifacts. Manually removing these artifacts is both resource and time consuming. The objective was to evaluate the applicability of using wavelet analysis as an automated method for simple signal loss artifact clearance of rSO2 signals obtained from commercially available devices. A retrospective observational study using existing populations (healthy control (HC), elective spinal surgery patients (SP), and traumatic brain injury patients (TBI)) was conducted. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) and rSO2 data were collected in all patients. Wavelet analysis was determined to be successful in removing simple signal loss artifacts using wavelet coefficients and coherence to detect signal loss artifacts in rSO2 signals. The removal success rates in HC, SP, and TBI populations were 100%, 99.8%, and 99.7%, respectively (though it had limited precision in determining the exact point in time). Thus, wavelet analysis may prove to be useful in a layered approach NIRS signal artifact tool utilizing higher-frequency data; however, future work is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring)
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14 pages, 4497 KiB  
Article
Design and Implementation of Analog-Digital Hybrid Beamformers for Low-Complexity Ultrasound Systems: A Feasibility Study
by Heechul Yoon, Junseung Kim, Kunkyu Lee and Tai-Kyong Song
Bioengineering 2024, 11(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010008 - 21 Dec 2023
Viewed by 973
Abstract
Low-complexity ultrasound systems are increasingly desired for both wearable, point-of-care ultrasound and high-end massive-channel ultrasound for 3-D matrix imaging. However, the imaging capabilities, including spatial resolution and contrast, could suffer as low complexity systems are pursued, which remains as an unresolved tradeoff. To [...] Read more.
Low-complexity ultrasound systems are increasingly desired for both wearable, point-of-care ultrasound and high-end massive-channel ultrasound for 3-D matrix imaging. However, the imaging capabilities, including spatial resolution and contrast, could suffer as low complexity systems are pursued, which remains as an unresolved tradeoff. To mitigate this limitation, this study revisits the general structures of analog and digital beamformers and introduces a hybrid approach, referred to as analog-digital hybrid beamforming, to implement efficient ultrasound systems. The suggested hybrid beamforming takes two stages sequentially, where the first analog stage partially beamforms M-channel RF signals to N sum-out data (i.e., M-to-N beamforming), and the second digital stage beamforms N partial sums to single final beamformed data (i.e., N-to-1 beamforming). Our approach was systematically designed and implemented with only four major integrated circuits, which was capable of driving full 64-channel transmission and reception. The developed system was demonstrated with a customized 64-channel 1-D phased array using a commercial tissue mimicking phantom. From the phantom imaging results, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and full beam width at half maximum values were quantitatively evaluated. The demonstrated results indicate that the analog-digital hybrid beamforming can be applied to any type of array for sophisticated 3-D imaging and tiny wearable ultrasound applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring)
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33 pages, 21482 KiB  
Article
Wearable Prophylaxis Tool for AI-Driven Identification of Early Warning Patterns of Pressure Ulcers
by Lorenz Gruenerbel, Ferdinand Heinrich, Jonathan Böhlhoff-Martin, Lynn Röper, Hans-Günther Machens, Arthur Gruenerbel, Moritz Schillinger, Andreas Kist, Franz Wenninger, Martin Richter and Leonard Steinbacher
Bioengineering 2023, 10(10), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101125 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1474
Abstract
As today’s society ages, age-related diseases become more frequent. One very common but yet preventable disease is the development of pressure ulcers (PUs). PUs can occur if tissue is exposed to a long-lasting pressure load, e.g., lying on tissue without turning. The cure [...] Read more.
As today’s society ages, age-related diseases become more frequent. One very common but yet preventable disease is the development of pressure ulcers (PUs). PUs can occur if tissue is exposed to a long-lasting pressure load, e.g., lying on tissue without turning. The cure of PUs requires intensive care, especially for the elderly or people with preexisting conditions whose tissue needs longer healing times. The consequences are heavy suffering for the patient and extreme costs for the health care system. To avoid these consequences, our objective is to develop a pressure ulcer prophylaxis device. For that, we built a new sensor system able to monitor the pressure load and tissue vital signs in immediate local proximity at patient’s predilection sites. In the clinical study, we found several indicators showing correlations between tissue perfusion and the risk of PU development, including strongly reduced SpO2 levels in body tissue prior to a diagnosed PU. Finally, we propose a prophylaxis system that allows for the prediction of PU developments in early stages before they become visible. This work is the first step in generating an effective system to warn patients or caregivers about developing PUs and taking appropriate preventative measures. Widespread application could reduce patient suffering and lead to substantial cost savings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring)
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19 pages, 2385 KiB  
Article
Temporal Statistical Relationship between Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation (rSO2) and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension (PbtO2) in Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Canadian High Resolution-TBI (CAHR-TBI) Cohort Study
by Alwyn Gomez, Donald Griesdale, Logan Froese, Eleen Yang, Eric P. Thelin, Rahul Raj, Marcel Aries, Clare Gallagher, Francis Bernard, Andreas H. Kramer and Frederick A. Zeiler
Bioengineering 2023, 10(10), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101124 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 951
Abstract
Brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) has emerged as a cerebral monitoring modality following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) can non-invasively examine cerebral oxygen content and has the potential for high spatial resolution. [...] Read more.
Brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) has emerged as a cerebral monitoring modality following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) can non-invasively examine cerebral oxygen content and has the potential for high spatial resolution. Past studies examining the relationship between PbtO2 and NIRS-based parameters have had conflicting results with varying degrees of correlation. Understanding this relationship will help guide multimodal monitoring practices and impact patient care. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between PbtO2 and rSO2 in a cohort of TBI patients by leveraging contemporary statistical methods. A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data was performed. Moderate-to-severe adult TBI patients were included with concurrent rSO2 and PbtO2 monitoring during their stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). The high-resolution data were analyzed utilizing time series techniques to examine signal stationarity as well as the cross-correlation relationship between the change in PbtO2 and the change in rSO2 signals. Finally, modeling of the change in PbtO2 by the change in rSO2 was attempted utilizing linear methods that account for the autocorrelative nature of the data signals. A total of 20 subjects were included in the study. Cross-correlative analysis found that changes in PbtO2 were most significantly correlated with changes in rSO2 one minute earlier. Through mixed-effects and time series modeling of parameters, changes in rSO2 were found to often have a statistically significant linear relationship with changes in PbtO2 that occurred a minute later. However, changes in rSO2 were inadequate to predict changes in PbtO2. In this study, changes in PbtO2 were found to correlate most with changes in rSO2 approximately one minute earlier. While changes in rSO2 were found to contain information about future changes in PbtO2, they were not found to adequately model them. This strengthens the body of literature indicating that NIRS-based rSO2 is not an adequate substitute for PbtO2 in the management of TBI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors and Measurement Systems for Human Physiology Monitoring)
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