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Bioengineering
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Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III
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Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 10572

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Minaxi Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, Rue Paul Pastur, 7800 Ath, Belgium
Interests: nanoemulsions; bioactive natural extracts; controlled drug delivery; nanoencapsulation; food ingredients; functional and nutraceutical foods; bioavailability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kandi Sridhar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
Interests: agri-food waste utilization; characterization and application of plant proteins; food processing; quality and functionality of the foods; extraction of bioactive compounds; functional foods; food product development; and micro/nanoencapsulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
Interests: nanoscience and nanotechnology; nanodiagnostics and nanotherapeutics; sensors; food/environmental/agricultural waste valorization; food and environmental toxins—analysis and treatment; food and environmental analytical chemistry; novel and green extraction/pretreatment techniques; chromatography—method development; pharmacokinetics and bioavailability; adsorption science and technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are grateful to all potential authors, anonymous reviewers, and readers for their active responses to Volume II of our Special Issue on “Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume II”.

Over the years, bioactive compounds have been confirmed to have many beneficial effects for human health in the prevention of several chronic diseases. These bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites with several biological activities, such as nutraceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, biosurfactants, biostimulants, cosmeceuticals, etc. Many agri-food pharma-health industries are exploring natural bioactive compound sources, as well as the identification, formulation, and development of bioactive-compound-enriched food supplements. Moreover, progress in the identification and production of novel natural bioactive compounds is necessary to enhance the application of these bioactives in the agri-food pharma-health industry. Observations from Nature and the diversity of natural bioactive complexes have encouraged researchers to engineer novel compounds from microbial and plant sources.

The extraction and purification of valuable natural products from native biological sources is very important. Furthermore, their bioprospecting for a variety of applications in agri-food pharma is very much dependent on their efficient formulation. To provide a multidisciplinary view for the identification, extraction, and engineered application of bioactive compounds, this Special Issue on “Bioactive formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III” aims to compile recent developments in the production of natural compounds from various bioresources, and their formulations as bioactives. In addition, this SI will also cover in-depth engineered approaches for enhanced biological properties and potential industrial applications of new bioactive formulations through novel strategies aiming at the identification of novel compounds and bioprocess tools to improve the quantity and quality of such products. Increasing knowledge on the bioactive formulations related to their regulation at genomic and molecular levels will lead to a reconsideration of health goals.

This Special Issue will publish articles on recent trends, applications, advancements, and engineering approaches for the biosynthesis of natural products, with particular emphasis on bioactive formulations for applications in agri-food pharma.

Dr. Minaxi Sharma
Dr. Kandi Sridhar
Dr. Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agri-food pharma-health
  • anticancer
  • antioxidant
  • antimicrobial
  • biopharmaceuticals
  • biostimulants
  • bioactivity and chemical profiling
  • drug delivery
  • encapsulation
  • nanoemulsions
  • nanoparticles
  • nutraceuticals
  • value-added bioactives

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3187 KiB  
Article
Extraction, Isolation, and Component Analysis of Turmeric-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles
by Yongsheng Wei, Xiang Cai, Qiqi Wu, Hui Liao, Shuang Liang, Hongwei Fu, Qi Xiang and Shu Zhang
Bioengineering 2023, 10(10), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101199 - 15 Oct 2023
Viewed by 2064
Abstract
As one kind of plant-derived extracellular vesicle, turmeric-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) are composed of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule compounds, which possess good biocompatibility and safety. They are especially rich in information from the “mother plant”, which provides more applications in biological [...] Read more.
As one kind of plant-derived extracellular vesicle, turmeric-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (TELNs) are composed of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule compounds, which possess good biocompatibility and safety. They are especially rich in information from the “mother plant”, which provides more applications in biological fields. In this study, we isolated and purified TELNs using differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation and systematically detected their physicochemical properties using multi-omics. The TELNs possessed a typical teacup-like exosome morphology, and the extraction rate was approximately 1.71 ± 0.176 mg/g. The average particle size was 183.2 ± 10.9 nm, and the average zeta potential was −17.6 ± 1.19 mV. They were rich in lipids, mainly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (17.4%), triglyceride (TG) (12.3%), phosphatidylinositol (PI) (9.82%), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (7.93%). All of them are the key lipids in the exosomes. The protein content was approximately 12% (M/M), mainly curcumin synthase and other proteins involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In addition, there are critical essential genes for curcumin biosynthesis, such as curcumin synthase (CURS) and diketocoenzyme A synthase (DCS). More importantly, a greater variety of small-molecule compounds, primarily curcumin and curcumin analogs such as demethoxycurcumin and volatile oleoresins such as curcuminoids, have now been revealed. In conclusion, TELNs were successfully isolated, containing 0.17% (M/M) turmeric and a large amount of chemical information, the same as the parent-of-origin plant. This is the first time combining multi-omics to analyze the characteristics and nature of the TELNs, which laid a solid material foundation for the further development of turmeric. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III)
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18 pages, 917 KiB  
Article
Microencapsulation of Olive Oil by Dehydration of Emulsion: Effects of the Emulsion Formulation and Dehydration Process
by Donia Chaabane, Iman Mirmazloum, Asma Yakdhane, Emna Ayari, Krisztina Albert, Gyula Vatai, Márta Ladányi, András Koris and Arijit Nath
Bioengineering 2023, 10(6), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060657 - 28 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1603
Abstract
Microencapsulation of extra virgin olive oil has been taken into consideration. Initially, emulsions were prepared using extra virgin olive oil and aqueous solutions of different proportions of maltodextrin (MD) having dextrose equivalent (DE) 19 and whey protein isolates (WPI), such as 100% MD, [...] Read more.
Microencapsulation of extra virgin olive oil has been taken into consideration. Initially, emulsions were prepared using extra virgin olive oil and aqueous solutions of different proportions of maltodextrin (MD) having dextrose equivalent (DE) 19 and whey protein isolates (WPI), such as 100% MD, 100% WPI, 25% MD + 75% WPI, 50% MD + 50% WPI and 75% MD + 25% WPI. Subsequently, emulsions were used for dehydration by either spray-drying (SD) or freeze-drying (FD) to produce olive oil microcapsules. Emulsion stability, viscosity and droplet size influenced the characteristics of the microcapsules. The highest encapsulation efficiency was achieved using 50% MD + 50% WPI in the emulsions with subsequent SD. The moisture content of the microcapsules increased with increasing proportions of MD. The size of the microcapsules increased with increasing proportions of WPI. The bulk density and tapped density were reduced with higher proportions of MD in the microcapsules. Furthermore, microcapsules with a higher proportion of MD exhibited poor flowability and high cohesiveness. Microcapsules from the higher proportion MD emulsions, followed by SD were spherical with a smooth surface; however, microcapsules with dent structures were produced from 100% WPI in the emulsions with subsequent SD. Microcapsules, produced from emulsions with a higher proportion of WPI, followed by FD were flat flakes and had irregular surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III)
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Review

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33 pages, 4719 KiB  
Review
Nano-Biofertilizer Formulations for Agriculture: A Systematic Review on Recent Advances and Prospective Applications
by Diksha Garg, Kandi Sridhar, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Prince Chawla, Manikant Tripathi and Minaxi Sharma
Bioengineering 2023, 10(9), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091010 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4614
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, nanotechnology has emerged as a potentially game-changing innovation. Essential minerals are mostly unavailable in modern cropping systems without the application of synthetic fertilizers, which have a serious negative impact on the ecosystem. This review focuses on the coupling of [...] Read more.
In the twenty-first century, nanotechnology has emerged as a potentially game-changing innovation. Essential minerals are mostly unavailable in modern cropping systems without the application of synthetic fertilizers, which have a serious negative impact on the ecosystem. This review focuses on the coupling of nanoparticles with biofertilizers to function as nano-biofertilizers (NBFs), which may ensure world food security in the face of the rising population. The inoculation of plants with NBFs improves plant development and resistance to stress. Metallic nanoparticles as well as organic components comprising polysaccharide and chitosan may be encapsulated, utilizing microbe-based green synthesis to make NBFs, which circumvents the limitations of conventional chemical fertilizers. The application of NBFs is just getting started, and shows more promise than other approaches for changing conventional farming into high-tech “smart” farming. This study used bibliographic analysis using Web of Science to find relevant papers on “nano biofertilizers”, “plants”, and “agriculture”. These subjects have received a lot of attention in the literature, as shown by the co-citation patterns of these publications. The novel use of nanotechnology in agriculture is explored in this research work, which makes use of the unique characteristics of nanoscale materials to address urgent concerns including nutrient delivery, crop protection, and sustainable farming methods. This study attempts to fill in some of the gaps in our knowledge by discussing the formulation, fabrication, and characterization of NBFs, as well as elucidating the mechanisms by which NBFs interact with plants and how this benefits the ability of the plant to withstand biotic and abiotic stress brought about by climate change. This review also addresses recent developments and future directions in farming using NBF formulations in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III)
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Other

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9 pages, 1161 KiB  
Brief Report
Milk Casein Inhibits Effect of Black Tea Galloylated Theaflavins to Inactivate SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro
by Maiko Nakashio, Eriko Ohgitani, Masaharu Shin-Ya, Masaya Kawamoto, Masaki Ichitani, Makoto Kobayashi, Takanobu Takihara, Hitoshi Kinugasa, Hiroyasu Ishikura and Osam Mazda
Bioengineering 2023, 10(9), 1068; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091068 - 09 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Continuing caution is required against the potential emergence of SARS-CoV-2 novel mutants that could pose the next global health and socioeconomical threats. If virus in saliva can be inactivated by a beverage, such a beverage may be useful because the saliva of infected [...] Read more.
Continuing caution is required against the potential emergence of SARS-CoV-2 novel mutants that could pose the next global health and socioeconomical threats. If virus in saliva can be inactivated by a beverage, such a beverage may be useful because the saliva of infected persons is the major origin of droplets and aerosols that mediate human-to-human viral transmission. We previously reported that SARS-CoV-2 was significantly inactivated by treatment in vitro with tea including green tea and black tea. Catechins and its derived compounds galloylated theaflavins (gTFs) bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein and blocked interaction between RBD and ACE2. Black tea is often consumed with sugar, milk, lemon juice, etc., and it remains unclarified whether these ingredients may influence the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of black tea. Here, we examined the effect of black tea on Omicron subvariants in the presence of these ingredients. The infectivity of Omicron subvariants was decreased to 1/100 or lower after treatment with black tea for 10 s. One or two teaspoons of milk (4~8 mL) completely blocked the anti-viral effect of a cup of tea (125 mL), whereas an addition of sugar or lemon juice failed to do so. The suppressive effect was dose-dependently exerted by milk casein but not whey proteins. gTFs were coprecipitated with casein after acidification of milk-supplemented black tea, strongly suggesting the binding of gTFs to casein. The present study demonstrates for the first time that an addition of milk cancelled the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of black tea due to binding of casein to gTFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications, Volume III)
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