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Special Issue "Feature Papers in Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials"

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A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2023 | Viewed by 6576

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Dr. Andrea Cataldo

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Guest Editor

Department of Innovation Engineering (DII), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: fault detection; sensor technologies; measurement techniques; monitoring and measurement systems; testing and characterization components; systems and monitoring equipment
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Dr. Christian Demitri

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Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: biomaterials; scaffold; tissue engineering; material characterization; viscoelasticity; hydrogels; green chemistry; natural polymers
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Dr. Emanuele Piuzzi

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Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: permittivity measurement; electrical and electronic instrumentation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, biomedical engineering and biomaterials have fostered enormous scientific interest, with an important impact in terms of technological developments, patents, research activities and, last but not least, discoveries and innovative industrial products.

Tremendous progress has been reached in terms of innovative solutions in the fields of bioengineering, medical diagnosis, biosensors, devices and biomedical instrumentation including design, characterization and application-focused research. In particular, the introduction of the 4.0 paradigm has contributed to an epochal technological transition, including in the field of bioengineering.

On this basis, this feature Special Issue is devoted to innovative applications of advanced experimental tools based on machine learning and AI for medical diagnostics and smart sensing, predictive modelling, individualized surgery and computational modelling of biological systems. In this regard, original research articles, short communications, as well as review-type articles will be welcomed.

Dr. Andrea Cataldo
Dr. Christian Demitri
Dr. Emanuele Piuzzi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

development, design and characterization of biomaterials, biological tissues and bio-systems
bioengineering
medical diagnosis
biosensors, devices, lab-on-chip and organ-on-a-chip, biomedical instrumentation
smart sensing and predictive modelling
Industry-4.0-ehanced biomedical systems

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Open AccessArticle

Tailoring the Microarchitectures of 3D Printed Bone-like Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Costantino Del Gaudio

and

Mario Ledda

Bioengineering 2023, 10(5), 567; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050567 - 09 May 2023

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Abstract

Material extrusion (MEX), commonly referred to as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF), is a versatile and cost-effective technique to fabricate suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering. Driven by a computer-aided design input, specific patterns can be easily collected in an extremely reproducible and repeatable process. Referring to possible skeletal affections, 3D-printed scaffolds can support tissue regeneration of large bone defects with complex geometries, an open major clinical challenge. In this study, polylactic acid scaffolds were printed resembling trabecular bone microarchitecture in order to deal with morphologically biomimetic features to potentially enhance the biological outcome. Three models with different pore sizes (i.e., 500, 600, and 700 µm) were prepared and evaluated by means of micro-computed tomography. The biological assessment was carried out seeding SAOS-2 cells, a bone-like cell model, on the scaffolds, which showed excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoinductivity. The model with larger pores, characterized by improved osteoconductive properties and protein adsorption rate, was further investigated as a potential platform for bone-tissue engineering, evaluating the paracrine activity of human mesenchymal stem cells. The reported findings demonstrate that the designed microarchitecture, better mimicking the natural bone extracellular matrix, favors a greater bioactivity and can be thus regarded as an interesting option for bone-tissue engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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Open AccessArticle

Experimental Demonstration of Compact Polymer Mass Transfer Device Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing with Hydrogel Integration to Bio-Mimic the Liver Functions

M. R. Gorji

and

D. Arumuga Perumal

Bioengineering 2023, 10(4), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040416 - 26 Mar 2023

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Abstract

In this paper, we designed and demonstrated a stimuli-responsive hydrogel that mimics the mass diffusion function of the liver. We have controlled the release mechanism using temperature and pH variations. Additive manufacturing technology was used to fabricate the device with nylon (PA-12), using selective laser sintering (SLS). The device has two compartment sections: the lower section handles the thermal management, and feeds temperature-regulated water into the mass transfer section of the upper compartment. The upper chamber has a two-layered serpentine concentric tube; the inner tube carries the temperature-regulated water to the hydrogel using the given pores. Here, the hydrogel is present in order to facilitate the release of the loaded methylene blue (MB) into the fluid. By adjusting the fluid’s pH, flow rate, and temperature, the deswelling properties of the hydrogel were examined. The weight of the hydrogel was maximum at 10 mL/min and decreased by 25.29% to 10.12 g for the flow rate of 50 mL/min. The cumulative MB release at 30 °C increased to 47% for the lower flow rate of 10 mL/min, and the cumulative release at 40 °C climbed to 55%, which is 44.7% more than at 30 °C. The MB release rates considerably increased when the pH dropped from 12 to 8, showing that the lower pH had a major impact on the release of MB from the hydrogel. Only 19% of the MB was released at pH 12 after 50 min, and after that, the release rate remained nearly constant. At higher fluid temperatures, the hydrogels lost approximately 80% of their water in just 20 min, compared to a loss of 50% of their water at room temperature. The outcomes of this study may contribute to further developments in artificial organ design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Blood Rheology and Inlet Boundary Conditions on Realistic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms under Pulsatile Flow Conditions

Konstantinos Tzirakis

Yiannis Kamarianakis

Nikolaos Kontopodis

and

Christos V. Ioannou

Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020272 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1222

Abstract

Background: The effects of non-Newtonian rheology and boundary conditions on various pathophysiologies have been studied quite extensively in the literature. The majority of results present qualitative and/or quantitative conclusions that are not thoroughly assessed from a statistical perspective. Methods: The finite volume method was employed for the numerical simulation of seven patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysms. For each case, five rheological models and three inlet velocity boundary conditions were considered. Outlier- and heteroscedasticity-robust ANOVA tests assessed the simultaneous effect of rheological specifications and boundary conditions on fourteen variables that capture important characteristics of vascular flows. Results: The selection of inlet velocity profiles appears as a more critical factor relative to rheological specifications, especially regarding differences in the oscillatory characteristics of computed flows. Response variables that relate to the average tangential force on the wall over the entire cycle do not differ significantly across alternative factor levels, as long as one focuses on non-Newtonian specifications. Conclusions: The two factors, namely blood rheological models and inlet velocity boundary condition, exert additive effects on variables that characterize vascular flows, with negligible interaction effects. Regarding thrombus-prone conditions, the Plug inlet profile offers an advantageous hemodynamic configuration with respect to the other two profiles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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Open AccessArticle

Computational Study of Hemodynamic Field of an Occluded Artery Model with Anastomosis

Panagiotis Parissis

Alexandros Romeos

Athanasios Giannadakis

Alexandros Kalarakis

and

Michail Peroulis

Bioengineering 2023, 10(2), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020146 - 21 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1004

Abstract

In this research work, the hemodynamic field of an occluded artery with anastomosis by means of computational simulation has been studied. The main objective of the current study is the investigation of 3D flow field phenomena in the by-pass region and the effect of the bypass graft to stenosis volume flow ratio on their formation. The anastomosis type was end-to-side with a 45° angle, while stenosis imposed a 75% area blockage of the aorta vessel and the total volume flow was 220 lt/h. The computational study of the flow field was utilized via a laminar flow model and three turbulence models (k—ε RNG, standard k—ω, and k—ω SST). Numerical results were compared qualitatively with experimental visualizations carried out under four different flow conditions, varying according to the flow ratio between the stenosis and the anastomotic graft. Comparison between computational results and experimental visualization findings exhibited a good agreement. Results showed that SST k—ω turbulence models reproduce better visually obtained flow patterns. Furthermore, cross-sectional velocity distributions demonstrated two distinct flow patterns down the bypass graft, depending on the flow ratio. Low values of flow ratio are characterized by fluid rolling up, whereas for high values fluid volume twisting was observed. Finally, areas with low wall shear stresses were mapped, as these are more prone to postoperative degradation of the bypass graft due to the development of subendothelial hyperplasia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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Open AccessPerspective

Uncovering the Correlation between COVID-19 and Neurodegenerative Processes: Toward a New Approach Based on EEG Entropic Analysis

and

Bioengineering 2023, 10(4), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10040435 - 29 Mar 2023

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Abstract

COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Although it primarily attacks the respiratory tract, inflammation can also affect the central nervous system (CNS), leading to chemo-sensory deficits such as anosmia and serious cognitive problems. Recent studies have shown a connection between COVID-19 and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In fact, AD appears to exhibit neurological mechanisms of protein interactions similar to those that occur during COVID-19. Starting from these considerations, this perspective paper outlines a new approach based on the analysis of the complexity of brain signals to identify and quantify common features between COVID-19 and neurodegenerative disorders. Considering the relation between olfactory deficits, AD, and COVID-19, we present an experimental design involving olfactory tasks using multiscale fuzzy entropy (MFE) for electroencephalographic (EEG) signal analysis. Additionally, we present the open challenges and future perspectives. More specifically, the challenges are related to the lack of clinical standards regarding EEG signal entropy and public data that can be exploited in the experimental phase. Furthermore, the integration of EEG analysis with machine learning still requires further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)

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