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Biomedical Potential of Bioengineered Nanoparticles

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Dear Colleagues,

In the twenty-first century, nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most exciting scientific breakthroughs. Nanoparticles/nanomaterials have found significant application because of their adaptability and the availability of environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple techniques for their synthesis. Nanoscale metal-based materials now play an important role in people's lives, and their effect is readily apparent in the scientific and industrial communities. Metal nanoparticles have several uses in nanomedicine, and as a result, green methods are being heavily utilized as a valuable resource. The biological method is not only safe for the surrounding ecosystem, but it also results in a highly efficient and cost-effective synthesis. Because of these benefits, it has found widespread use in various fields, including drug delivery, gene therapy, nanobiotechnology, medicine, biomedical engineering, and pharmacology.

Therefore, this Special Issue, “Biomedical potential of bioengineered nanoparticles”, focuses on original research papers and comprehensive reviews that deal with cutting-edge experimental and computational methodologies for multiscale biomedical investigations of bioengineered nanoparticles.

Dr. Marimuthu Govindarajan
Dr. Kasi Gopinath
Dr. Baskar Gurunathan
Guest Editors

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Keywords

nanoparticles
green synthesis
bioactivity
biomedical
antimicrobials
drug delivery
biomedicine
biocompatibility
biomaterials
pharmacology

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Research

16 pages, 2890 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Empowering Cancer Therapy: Comparing PEGylated and Non-PEGylated Niosomes Loaded with Curcumin and Doxorubicin on MCF-7 Cell Line

by Shaghayegh Saharkhiz, Atefeh Zarepour and Ali Zarrabi

Bioengineering 2023, 10(10), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101159 - 02 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1116

Abstract

Cancer remains an enduring challenge in modern society, prompting relentless pursuits to confront its complexities. However, resistance often emerges against conventional treatments, driven by their inherent limitations such as adverse effects and limited solubility. Herein, we spotlight a remarkable solution; a niosomal platform engineered to tandemly ferry two potent agents, doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CUR). Notably, we delve into the pivotal role of PEGylation, unraveling its impact on therapeutic efficacy. These niosomes consist of Span 60, Tween 60, and cholesterol with a molar ratio of 5:2:3, which were prepared via a thin film hydration method. The physicochemical characterization of particles was performed using DLS, zeta potential measurement, SEM, and FTIR analysis. In addition, their encapsulation efficiency and release profile were determined using the HPLC method. Finally, their cytotoxicity and biocompatibility effects were checked by performing an MTT assay test on the MCF7 and L929 cell lines. The obtained results confirmed the successful fabrication of co-loaded niosomal structures with and without PEG coating. The fabricated nanoparticles had sizes in the range of 100 to 200 nm with a surface charge of about −18 mV for particles without PEG coating and −40 mV for coated particles. Notably, DOX encapsulation efficiency leaps from 20% to 62% in the transition from uncoated to coated, while CUR exhibits an impressive surge from 80% to 95%. The drug release was more controlled and slower in the coated sample. Finally, the MTT results confirmed the biocompatibility and synergistic effect of the simultaneous use of two drugs on cancer cells in the PEGylated niosomal particle. Based on the results, PEGylated niosomal particles can be considered adept vehicles for the simultaneous delivery of different chemotherapy cargoes with synergic interaction to overcome cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Potential of Bioengineered Nanoparticles)

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19 pages, 10209 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Apoptosis Inducing Ability of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles Using Lagerstroemia speciosa Flower Buds against the Human Osteosarcoma (MG-63) Cell Line via Flow Cytometry

by Kariyellappa Nagaraja Shashiraj, Anil Hugar, Raju Suresh Kumar, Muthuraj Rudrappa, Meghashyama Prabhakara Bhat, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Karthikeyan Perumal and Sreenivasa Nayaka

Bioengineering 2023, 10(7), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070821 - 10 Jul 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1630

Abstract

Biosynthesized nano-composites, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), can be engineered to function as smart nano-biomedicine platforms for the detection and management of diverse ailments, such as infectious diseases and cancer. This study determined the eco-friendly fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. flower buds and their efficacy against antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The UV-Visible spectrum was found at 413 nm showing a typical resonance spectrum for L. speciosa flower bud extract-assisted silver nanoparticles (Ls-AgNPs). Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the presence of amines, halides, and halogen compounds, which were involved in the reduction and capping agent of AgNP formation. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the face-centered cubic crystals of NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray verified the weight of 39.80% of silver (Ag), TEM analysis revealed the particles were spherical with a 10.27 to 62.5 nm range, and dynamic light scattering recorded the average particle size around 58.5 nm. Zeta potential showed a significant value at −39.4 mV, and finally, thermo-gravimetric analysis reported higher thermal stability of Ls-AgNPs. Further, the obtained Ls-AgNPs displayed good antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens. In addition, a dose-dependent decrease in the anticancer activity by MTT assay on the osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line showed a decrease in the cell viability with increasing in the concentration of Ls-AgNPs with an IC₅₀ value of 37.57 µg/mL. Subsequently, an apoptotic/necrosis study was conducted with the help of Annexin-V/PI assay, and the results indicated a significant rise in early and late apoptosis cell populations. Therefore, green synthesized Ls-AgNPs were found to have potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties making them fascinating choices for future bio-medical implementations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Potential of Bioengineered Nanoparticles)

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