New Sights of Implants and Bone Regeneration: Updates and Future Directions 2.0

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3145

Special Issue Editors

Department of Biomaterials and Medical Device Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
Interests: bone
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Biomaterials and Medical Device Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
Interests: bone
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, the clinical application of implants relates to two main areas: orthopaedics and dentistry. For obvious reasons, there are differences between implants from these areas; however, at the same time, there are some common issues. One of the most important is the osseointegration of implants, which affects their durability and functionality. Research is still underway as regards obtaining biomaterials and new design solutions, increasing the adaptation of implants and extending their durability. In this respect, achievements in the field of tissue engineering, including in terms of applications artificial products, such as scaffolds or part of organs, are important to improve the treatment of severe mechanical damages or diseases by providing a functional structure that replaces the affected tissue. Today, a noticeable increase in interest in developing scaffolds can be observed, which proves the need for more comprehensive research in order to enhance the functionality of these structures. That is the reason current studies are focusing on designing appropriate porosity, pore geometry, degradation time or overall scaffold architecture with adjusted manufacturing procedures. These studies are conducted with the use of analytical, numerical or experimental methods in which researchers often consider the use of bioreactors to provide an appropriate environment for studying cells’ behaviour in structures under development. Appropriately designed scaffolds must meet all necessary requirements related to all mechanobiological factors, which complicates the design process.

The authors are encouraged to provide studies including (but not limited to) the following topics:

  • dental implants;
  • orthopaedic implants;
  • implants in veterinary;
  • osseointegration;
  • biomaterials used for implant;
  • biotribology of implants;
  • bone regeneration;
  • scaffolds manufacturing procedures development;
  • functionality of materials designated for scaffolds;
  • analyses of the functionality of proposed scaffolds geometries;
  • cells’ behaviour under mechanobiological stimulation of scaffolds;
  • implanted active medical devices.

Related topics will be also taken into consideration.

Dr. Eugeniusz Sajewicz
Dr. Piotr Prochor
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 10464 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Bone Regeneration According to Particle Type and Barrier Membrane for Octacalcium Phosphate Grafted into Rabbit Calvarial Defects
by Se-Wook Pyo, Jeong-Won Paik, Da-Na Lee, Young-Wook Seo, Jin-Young Park, Sunjai Kim and Seong-Ho Choi
Bioengineering 2024, 11(3), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11030215 - 24 Feb 2024
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Abstract
This animal study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new bone formation and volume maintenance according to the particle type and the collagen membrane function for grafted octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in rabbit calvarial defects. The synthetic bone substitutes were prepared in powder [...] Read more.
This animal study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new bone formation and volume maintenance according to the particle type and the collagen membrane function for grafted octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in rabbit calvarial defects. The synthetic bone substitutes were prepared in powder form with 90% OCP and granular form with 76% OCP, respectively. The calvarial defects were divided into four groups according to the particle type and the membrane application. All specimens were acquired 2 weeks (n = 5) and 8 weeks (n = 5) after surgery. According to the micro-CT results, the new bone volume increased at 2 weeks in the 76% OCP groups compared to the 90% OCP groups, and the bone volume ratio was significantly lower in the 90% OCP group after 2 weeks. The histomorphometric analysis results indicated that the new bone area and its ratio in all experimental groups were increased at 8 weeks except for the group with 90% OCP without a membrane. Furthermore, the residual bone graft area and its ratio in the 90% OCP groups were decreased at 8 weeks. In conclusion, all types of OCP could be applied as biocompatible bone graft materials regardless of its density and membrane application. Neither the OCP concentration nor the membrane application had a significant effect on new bone formation in the defect area, but the higher the OCP concentration, the less graft volume maintenance was needed. Full article
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15 pages, 5932 KiB  
Article
The Use of Human Sterilized Crushed Tooth Particles Compared with BTCP Biomaterial and Empty Defects in Bone Formation inside Critical Rabbit Calvaria Sites
by José Luis Calvo-Guirado, Marta Belén Cabo-Pastor, Francisco Martínez-Martínez, Miguel Ángel Garcés-Villalá, Félix de Carlos-Villafranca, Nuria García-Carrillo and Manuel Fernández-Domínguez
Bioengineering 2023, 10(6), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060638 - 24 May 2023
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Abstract
This study aimed to assess the bone regeneration of critical-size defects in rabbit calvaria filled with freshly crushed extracted teeth, comparing them with BTCP biomaterial and empty sites. Materials and methods: Twenty-one female New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Two critical-size [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the bone regeneration of critical-size defects in rabbit calvaria filled with freshly crushed extracted teeth, comparing them with BTCP biomaterial and empty sites. Materials and methods: Twenty-one female New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Two critical-size defects 6 mm in size were created in the skull bone, each with a 3 mm separation between them. Three experimental groups were evaluated: Group A (human sterilized crushed teeth granules alone), Group B (Bioner Bone, Bioner Sitemas Implantológicos), and Group C (unfilled defects). The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. Evaluation of the samples involved histological and histomorphometric analyses with radiographic evaluation. The histological evaluation showed a higher volume reduction in Group A compared with Group B (p < 0.05) and Control. Group A showed the highest values for cortical closure and bone formation around the particles, followed by Group B and Group C (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this animal study, we can conclude that the use of human tooth particles leads to increased bone formation and reduced connective tissue in critical-size defects in rabbit calvaria when compared to BTCP biomaterial. The calvarial model is a robust base for the evaluation of different biomaterials. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 963 KiB  
Review
Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions
by Elisa Choukroun, Maximilien Parnot, Jerome Surmenian, Reinhard Gruber, Nicolas Cohen, Nicolas Davido, Alain Simonpieri, Charles Savoldelli, Franck Afota, Hicham El Mjabber and Joseph Choukroun
Bioengineering 2024, 11(2), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020191 - 16 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Based on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during [...] Read more.
Based on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during grafts and its stability over time. Chronic inflammation induces the excessive production of oxidants. An imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants is called oxidative stress. This physio-pathological state causes both molecular and cellular damage, which leads to DNA alterations, genetic mutations and cell apoptosis, and thus, impaired immunity followed by delayed or compromised wound healing. Oxidative stress levels experienced by the body affect bone regeneration and maintenance around teeth and dental implants. As the immune system and bone remodeling are interconnected, bone loss is a consequence of immune dysregulation. Therefore, oral tissue deficiencies such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis should be regarded as immune diseases. Bone management strategies should include both biological and surgical solutions. These protocols tend to improve immunity through antioxidant production to enhance bone formation and prevent bone loss. This narrative review aims to highlight the relationship between inflammation, oxidation, immunity and bone health in the oral cavity. It intends to help clinicians to detect high-risk situations in oral surgery and to propose biological and clinical solutions that will enhance patients’ immune responses and surgical treatment outcomes. Full article
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