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Bioengineering
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Inspired by Nature: Advanced Biomaterials and Manufacturing Solutions for Skeletal...
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Inspired by Nature: Advanced Biomaterials and Manufacturing Solutions for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration and Osteoarthritis Treatment

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4875

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elena A. Jones

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Interests: mesenchymal stem cells/multipotential stromal cells (MSCs); bone regeneration; cartilage regeneration; osteoarthritis; regenerative medicine; regenerative orthopedics; MSC senescence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder worldwide, for which no effective disease-modifying drugs exist. Tissue engineering offers a new hope to OA sufferers by providing new and unique solutions for tissue regeneration induction. Critical-size bone defects, particularly after an open fracture or severe injury, can lead to infection, long-term complications, and severe mobility problems. For this condition, biomaterial scaffolds that can simultaneously act as defect fillers, regeneration inducers, and infection sensors/antimicrobials can revolutionize clinical management and considerably improve quality of life for these patients. As a more recent development, biomaterials’ properties and scaffolds’ geometries and multi-scale topographies are being inspired by naturally evolved structures found in plants, marine animals and/or other multicellular life forms.

The aim of this Special issue is to present a state-of-the-art update on new biomaterials, hydrogels, adhesives, bioinks, organoids and immune system-interacting scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration and OA treatment. We welcome original research articles, comprehensive reviews, methods, mini-reviews, and perspectives including (but not limited to) the following topics:

  • Natural polymers and composite materials for bone and joint regeneration (including adhesives and immunomodulatory biomaterials);
  • Microspheres, liposomes and natural/synthetic EVs, including their manufacturing methods;
  • Advances in electrospinning and 3D printing, including controlled delivery of bioactives and scalable manufacture;
  • Incorporation of cells, nucleic acids and other bioactive factors, such as bioactive matrices;
  • Delivery methods compatible with current state-of-the-art clinical practices;
  • Novel approaches for in silico modelling and in vitro testing of constructs’ physical and biological behaviors;
  • In situ bioreactors, temperature- and infection-responsive materials;
  • Mechanisms behind biomaterial-driven immunomodulatory effects and material–host interactions.

Dr. Elena A. Jones
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone and cartilage regeneration
  • osteoarthritis
  • immunomodulatory and infection-control biomaterials
  • bioactive matrices
  • microspheres
  • nanoparticles
  • bioinks
  • biomimetics
  • delivery methods

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3363 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Osteogenesis Study of Shell Nacre Cement with Older and Young Donor Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
by Bridget Jeyatha Wilson, Heather Elizabeth Owston, Neelam Iqbal, Peter V. Giannoudis, Dennis McGonagle, Hemant Pandit, Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil, Elena Jones and Payal Ganguly
Bioengineering 2024, 11(2), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020143 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 938
Abstract
Bone void-filling cements are one of the preferred materials for managing irregular bone voids, particularly in the geriatric population who undergo many orthopedic surgeries. However, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) of older-age donors often exhibit reduced osteogenic capacity. Hence, it is crucial [...] Read more.
Bone void-filling cements are one of the preferred materials for managing irregular bone voids, particularly in the geriatric population who undergo many orthopedic surgeries. However, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) of older-age donors often exhibit reduced osteogenic capacity. Hence, it is crucial to evaluate candidate bone substitute materials with BM-MSCs from the geriatric population to determine the true osteogenic potential, thus simulating the clinical situation. With this concept, we investigated the osteogenic potential of shell nacre cement (SNC), a bone void-filling cement based on shell nacre powder and ladder-structured siloxane methacrylate, using older donor BM-MSCs (age > 55 years) and young donor BM-MSCs (age < 30 years). Direct and indirect cytotoxicity studies conducted with human BM-MSCs confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of SNC. The standard colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and population doubling (PD) time assays revealed a significant reduction in the proliferation potential (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05) in older donor BM-MSCs compared to young donor BM-MSCs. Correspondingly, older donor BM-MSCs contained higher proportions of senescent, β-galactosidase (SA-β gal)-positive cells (nearly 2-fold, p < 0.001). In contrast, the proliferation capacity of older donor BM-MSCs, measured as the area density of CellTrackerTM green positive cells, was similar to that of young donor BM-MSCs following a 7-day culture on SNC. Furthermore, after 14 days of osteoinduction on SNC, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed that the amount of calcium and phosphorus deposited by young and older donor BM-MSCs on SNC was comparable. A similar trend was observed in the expression of the osteogenesis-related genes BMP2, RUNX2, ALP, COL1A1, OMD and SPARC. Overall, the results of this study indicated that SNC would be a promising candidate for managing bone voids in all age groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inspired by Nature: Advanced Biomaterials and Manufacturing Solutions for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration and Osteoarthritis Treatment)
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18 pages, 9257 KiB  
Article
Novel Bone Void Filling Cement Compositions Based on Shell Nacre and Siloxane Methacrylate Resin: Development and Characterization
by Bridget Jeyatha Wilson and Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil
Bioengineering 2023, 10(7), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10070752 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
Shell nacre from Pinctada species has been extensively researched for managing bone defects. However, there is a gap in the research regarding using shell nacre powder as a cement with improved biological and physicochemical properties. To address this, bone void filling cement was [...] Read more.
Shell nacre from Pinctada species has been extensively researched for managing bone defects. However, there is a gap in the research regarding using shell nacre powder as a cement with improved biological and physicochemical properties. To address this, bone void filling cement was formulated by incorporating shell nacre powder and an organically modified ceramic resin (ormocer). The shell nacre powder was specifically processed from the shells of Pinctada fucata and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the presence of organic constituents and inorganic aragonite. Trace element analysis confirmed the eligibility of shell nacre powder for biomedical applications. Next, the ormocer SNLSM2 was synthesized through a modified sol–gel method. FTIR, Raman, TGA, and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of a ladder-structured siloxane backbone and methacrylate side chain. To develop chemical curable composite shell nacre cement (SNC), different amounts of shell nacre (24%, 48%, and 72%) were added to the SNLSM2 resin, and the impact on the physicochemical properties of the cement was studied. Among the compositions, SNC 72 exhibited significantly lower linear polymerization shrinkage (0.4%) and higher compressive (>100 MPa) and flexural strength (>35 MPa). SNC 72 was radiopaque, and the exotherm generated during the cement curing was minimal. Cytotoxicity studies with L929 cells revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of the cement. Overall, the findings of this study prove that the shell nacre cement is a promising candidate for managing bone voids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inspired by Nature: Advanced Biomaterials and Manufacturing Solutions for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration and Osteoarthritis Treatment)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 2519 KiB  
Article
The Formulation of the N-Acetylglucosamine as Nanoparticles Increases Its Anti-Inflammatory Activities: An In Vitro Study
by Alessia Mariano, Irene Bigioni, Sergio Ammendola and Anna Scotto d’Abusco
Bioengineering 2023, 10(3), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10030343 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
Nanomedicine can represent a new strategy to treat several types of diseases such as those with inflammatory aetiology. Through this strategy, it is possible to obtain nanoparticles with controlled shape, size, and eventually surface charge. Moreover, the use of molecules in nanoform may [...] Read more.
Nanomedicine can represent a new strategy to treat several types of diseases such as those with inflammatory aetiology. Through this strategy, it is possible to obtain nanoparticles with controlled shape, size, and eventually surface charge. Moreover, the use of molecules in nanoform may allow more effective delivery into the diseased cells and tissues, reducing toxicity and side effects of the used compounds. The aim of the present manuscript was the evaluation of the effects of N-acetylglucosamine in nanoform (GlcNAc NP) in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA). Human primary chondrocytes were treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α to simulate a low-grade inflammation and then treated with both GlcNAc and GlcNAc NP, in order to find the lowest concentrations able to counteract the inflammatory state of the cells and ensure a chondroprotective action. The findings showed that GlcNAc NP was able to decrease the pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and IL-8, which are among the main effectors of inflammation; moreover, the nanoparticles downregulated the production of metalloprotease enzymes. GlcNAc NP was effective at a very low concentration compared to GlcNAc in its native form. Furthermore, GlcNAc NP stimulated an increase in collagen type II synthesis. In conclusion, the GlcNAc in nanoform showed better performance than GlcNAc, at concentrations lower than those reached in the joints after oral administration to patients of 1.5 g/die of glucosamine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inspired by Nature: Advanced Biomaterials and Manufacturing Solutions for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration and Osteoarthritis Treatment)
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