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Special Issue "Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries"

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A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 6936

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Dr. Hao Liu
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Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: electrochemistry and energy storage; nanostructured materials and their applications in the fields of rechargeable lithium batteries, supercapacitors, gas sensors and fuel cells
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Dear Colleagues,

Currently, the rechargeable lithium-ion battery is generally considered to be the best battery for EVs, as a compromise between the advantages and drawbacks among various traditional battery candidates (e.g., fuel cells, solar cells, lead-acid, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries). However, the application of lithium-ion battery is limited owing to some practical challenges such as high cost (e.g., lithium and cobalt raw resources), low energy/power density for high rate application, and intrinsic safety risk using organic electrolyte. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel materials and technologies beyond the lithium-ion batteries with low price, high energy/power density, and reliable safety.

In this Special Issue, potential topics include, but are not limited to:

Sodium ion batteries;
Lithium sulfur batteries;
Metal air batteries;
Solid state batteries;
Supercapacitors;
Fuel cells.

Dr. Hao Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

sodium ion batteries
lithium sulfur batteries
metal air batteries
solid state batteries
supercapacitors

Related Special Issue

Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries—2nd Edition in Batteries

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 33785 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Sensor System to Measure Battery State of Charge Based on a Machine Learning Model

Sankhyabrata Bandyopadhyay

Matthias Fabian

Kang Li

Tong Sun

and

Kenneth T. V. Grattan

Batteries 2023, 9(10), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9100508 - 11 Oct 2023

Viewed by 926

Abstract

Real-time monitoring of the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries used in a wide variety of applications is becoming increasingly important, especially given the impetus by the current targets towards “net-zero”. In this research, an advanced approach was used involving fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors that were developed and implemented for the measurement of the key parameters required to ensure optimum battery performance. In this work, one of the biggest challenges to assess (and then map) the data from the sensor system developed is tackled in order to better understand the key parameters of the battery in an efficient and improved way. It is well known that the relationship between the changes in the resonance wavelength of the FBGs used in the sensor system, arising due to change in the electrical parameters of the battery, is complex and dependent on several different factors. In this work, this effect was evaluated by coupling the sensor data to a data-driven regression model approach that was developed for the measurement of the SOC of the batteries used, and this was obtained directly and conveniently from the FBG data. In this comprehensive study, FBG-based sensors were fabricated and then installed onto the battery, which then was subjected to a range of charging–discharging cycles, following which the electrical parameters of the battery were estimated from recorded data using a black-box machine learning (ML) model. Data-driven regression algorithms were employed for the training of the black-box model. The efficiency of the estimation of the SOC of the battery from the FBG-based sensor data was found to be high, at 99.62% (R² values of Estimated SOC and True SOC line), creating a very satisfactory result for this key measurement. Thus, the work shows the robustness of the FBG-based sensor system combined with the neural network algorithm as an effective way to evaluate the electrical parameters of the battery, which is particularly important, as no physical/electrochemical/electrical model of the system is thus required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries)

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17 pages, 4450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultramicroporous N-Doped Activated Carbon Materials for High Performance Supercapacitors

and

Batteries 2023, 9(9), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090436 - 24 Aug 2023

Viewed by 743

Abstract

Porous carbon electrode materials are utilized in supercapacitors with very fast charge/discharge and high stability upon cycling thanks to their electrostatic charge storage mechanism. Further enhancement of the performance of such materials can be achieved by doping them with heteroatoms which alter the kinetics of charge/discharge of the adsorbed species and result in pseudocapacitance phenomena. Here, microporous N-doped activated carbons were synthesized by thermochemical activation process. The structure and composition of the final material were adjusted by tuning the synthesis conditions and the choice of precursor molecules. In particular, N-doped activated carbons with a controlled specific surface area in the range of 270–1380 m²/g have been prepared by KOH-activation of sucrose/ammonium citrate mixture. By adjusting the composition of precursors, N-doping was varied from ca. 1.5 to 7.3 at%. The role of the components and synthesis conditions on the composition and structure of final products has been evaluated. The N-doped activated carbon with optimized structure and composition has demonstrated an outstanding performance as electrode material for aqueous electrolyte supercapacitors. The specific capacitance measured in a 3-electrode cell with 0.75 mg/cm² loading of optimized activated carbon in 1M H₂SO₄ changed from 359 F/g at 0.5 A/g charging rate to 243 F/g at 20 A/g. Less than 0.01% of capacitance loss has been detected after 1000 charging/discharging cycles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries)

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12 pages, 3444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fe₃C-Decorated Folic Acid-Derived Graphene-like Carbon-Modified Separator as a Polysulfide Barrier for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

and

Batteries 2023, 9(6), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060296 - 29 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 980

Abstract

The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been regarded as an important candidate for the next-generation energy storage system due to its high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g⁻¹) and high energy density (2600 Wh kg⁻¹). However, the shuttle effect of polysulfide seriously affects the cycling stability of the Li-S battery. Here, a novel Fe₃C-decorated folic acid-derived graphene-like N-doped carbon sheet (Fe₃C@N-CS) was successfully prepared as the polysulfide catalyst to modify the separator of Li-S batteries. The porous layered structures can successfully capture polysulfide as a physical barrier and the encapsulated Fe₃C catalyst can effectively trap and catalyze the conversion of polysulfide, thus accelerating the redox reaction kinetics. Together with the highly conductive networks, a cell with the Fe₃C@N-CS-modified separator evinces superior cycling stability with 0.06% capacity decay per cycle at 1 C rate over 500 cycles and excellent specific capacity with an initial capacity of 1260 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 C. Furthermore, at a high sulfur loading of 4.0 mg cm⁻², the batteries also express superb cycle stability and rate performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries)

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13 pages, 2261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Situ Solidification by γ−ray Irradiation Process for Integrated Solid−State Lithium Battery

and

Batteries 2023, 9(5), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050255 - 28 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1264

Abstract

The safety concerns associated with power batteries have prompted significant interest in all−solid−state lithium batteries (ASSBs). However, the advancement of ASSBs has been significantly impeded due to their unsatisfactory electrochemical performance, which is attributed to the challenging interface between the solid−state electrolyte and the electrodes. In this work, an in situ polymerized composite solid−state electrolyte (LLZTO−PVC) consisting of poly(vinylene carbonate) (PVC) and Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ (LLZTO) was successfully prepared by a γ−ray irradiation technique. The novel technique successfully solved the problem of rigidity at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. The LLZTO−PVC electrolyte exhibited a notable ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ 25 °C, along with good mechanical strength and flexibility and an electrochemical window exceeding 4.65 V. It was showed that the LiCoO₂(LCO)/LLZTO−PVC/Li battery, which achieved in situ solidification via γ−ray irradiation, can steadily work at a current density of 0.2 C at 25 °C and maintain a retention rate of 92.4% over 100 cycles. The good interfacial compatibility between electrodes and LLZTO−PVC electrolyte designed via in situ γ−ray irradiation polymerization could be attributed to its excellent electrochemical performance. Therefore, the method of in situ γ−ray irradiation polymerization provides a vital reference for solving the interface problem. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries)

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Review

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19 pages, 4600 KiB

Open AccessReview

Designs of Anode-Free Lithium-Ion Batteries

and

Batteries 2023, 9(7), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070381 - 17 Jul 2023

Viewed by 2390

Abstract

Anodes equipped with limited lithium offer a way to deal with the increasing market requirement for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries and inadequate global lithium reserves. Anode-free lithium-ion batteries (AFLBs) with zero excess metal could provide high gravimetric energy density and high volumetric energy density. Moreover, the elimination of lithium with a bare current collector on the anode side can reduce metal consumption, simplify the cell technological procedure, and improve manufacturing safety. However, some great challenges, such as insufficient cycling stability, significant lithium dendrite growth, as well as unstable solid electrolyte interface, impede the commercial application of AFLBs. Fortunately, significant progress has been made for AFLBs with enhanced electrode stability and improved cycling performance. This review highlights research on the design of anode-free lithium-ion batteries over the past two decades, presents an overview of the main advantages and limitations of these designs, and provides improvement strategies including the modification of the current collectors, improvement of the liquid electrolytes, and optimization of the cycling protocols. Prospects are also given to broaden the understanding of the electrochemical process, and it is expected that the further development of these designs can be accelerated in both scientific research and practical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials and Technologies for Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries)

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