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Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications
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Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 21846

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Junsheng Zheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Interests: supercapacitor; lithium-ion battery; fuel cell; lithium-ion capacitor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the representatives of energy and power devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have developed rapidly in recent years. LIBs have in fact become the first choice for new energy vehicles, 3C electronic products, and electrochemical energy storage. Due to their high power density, energy density, and long cycle life, the application of LICs in automotive energy recovery, electrochemical energy storage and power assistance, fast charging, and high functional devices could be promising. However, there are still many problems remaining unsolved in the basic research and application of LIBs and LICs, including the rise of capacity, rate, and lifespan of electrode materials; the increase in ion transmission and storage capacity of anodes and cathodes; and the improvement of the electrode/electrolyte interface and stability of SEI. On the other hand, the progress of surface density of electrodes and proportion of active substances have become key issues in the research of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors. Furthermore, the pack design, stacking technology, equalization technology, SOC estimation, operation, and monitoring are also crucial to the application of LIBs and LICs as power supply equipment.

Dr. Junsheng Zheng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium-ion batteries
  • Li-ion capacitors
  • energy storage device
  • electrode material
  • electrolyte
  • electrode and device preparation methods
  • applications
  • power load forecasting

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 4531 KiB  
Article
SOC Estimation Based on Combination of Electrochemical and External Characteristics for Hybrid Lithium-Ion Capacitors
by Xiaofan Huang, Renjie Gao, Luyao Zhang, Xinrong Lv, Shaolong Shu, Xiaoping Tang, Ziyao Wang and Junsheng Zheng
Batteries 2023, 9(3), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030163 - 09 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (HyLICs) have received considerable attention because of their ability to combine the advantages of high-energy lithium-ion batteries and high-power supercapacitors. State of charge (SOC) is the main factor affecting the practical application of HyLICs; therefore, it is essential to estimate [...] Read more.
Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (HyLICs) have received considerable attention because of their ability to combine the advantages of high-energy lithium-ion batteries and high-power supercapacitors. State of charge (SOC) is the main factor affecting the practical application of HyLICs; therefore, it is essential to estimate the SOC accurately. In this paper, a partition SOC-estimation method that combines electrochemical and external characteristics is proposed. The discharge process of the HyLICs was divided into three phases based on test results of electrochemical characteristics. To improve the estimation accuracy and reduce the amount of calculation, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method was applied for SOC estimation at the interval where the capacitor energy storage characteristics dominated, and the Ampere-hour (Ah) method was used to estimate the SOC at the interval where battery energy storage characteristics dominated. The proposed method is verified under different operating conditions. The experimental results show good agreement with the estimation results, which indicates that the proposed method can estimate the SOC of the HyLICs accurately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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16 pages, 3346 KiB  
Article
Carbon Nano-Onion-Encapsulated Ni Nanoparticles for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors
by Xiaohu Zhang, Keliang Zhang, Weike Zhang, Xiong Zhang, Lei Wang, Yabin An, Xianzhong Sun, Chen Li, Kai Wang and Yanwei Ma
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020102 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2138
Abstract
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) feature a high-power density, long-term cycling stability, and good energy storage performance, and so, LICs will be widely applied in new energy, new infrastructure, intelligent manufacturing. and other fields. To further enhance the comprehensive performance of LICs, the exploration of [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) feature a high-power density, long-term cycling stability, and good energy storage performance, and so, LICs will be widely applied in new energy, new infrastructure, intelligent manufacturing. and other fields. To further enhance the comprehensive performance of LICs, the exploration of new material systems has become a focus of research. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are promising candidates in the field of energy storage due to the properties of their outstanding electrical conductivity, large external surface area, and nanoscopic dimensions. Herein, the structure, composition, and electrochemical properties of carbon nano-onion-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles (Ni@CNOs) have been characterized first in the present study. The initial discharge and charge capacities of Ni@CNOs as anodes (in half-cells (vs. Li)) were 869 and 481 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, respectively. Even at a current density of 10 A g−1, the reversible specific capacity remained at 111 mAh g−1. Ni@CNOs were used as anode materials to assemble LICs (full pouch cells (vs. activated carbon)), which exhibited compelling electrochemical performance and cycle stability after optimizing the mass ratio of the positive and negative electrodes. The energy density of the LICs reached 140.1 Wh kg−1 at 280.2 W kg−1 and even maintained 76.6 Wh kg−1 at 27.36 kW kg−1. The LICs also demonstrated excellent cycling stability with a 94.09% capacitance retention over 40,000 cycles. Thus, this work provides an effective solution for the ultra-rapid fabrication of Ni-cored carbon nano-onion materials to achieve high-performance LICs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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14 pages, 3726 KiB  
Article
Efficient Battery Models for Performance Studies-Lithium Ion and Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
by Umapathi Krishnamoorthy, Parimala Gandhi Ayyavu, Hitesh Panchal, Dayana Shanmugam, Sukanya Balasubramani, Ali Jawad Al-rubaie, Ameer Al-khaykan, Ankit D. Oza, Sagram Hembrom, Tvarit Patel, Petrica Vizureanu and Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis
Batteries 2023, 9(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010052 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3199
Abstract
Apart from being emission-free, electric vehicles enjoy benefits such as low maintenance and operating costs, noise-free, easy to drive, and the convenience of charging at home. All these benefits are directly dependent on the performance of the battery used in the vehicle. In [...] Read more.
Apart from being emission-free, electric vehicles enjoy benefits such as low maintenance and operating costs, noise-free, easy to drive, and the convenience of charging at home. All these benefits are directly dependent on the performance of the battery used in the vehicle. In this paper, one-dimensional modeling of Li-ion and NiMH batteries was developed, and their performances were studied. The performance characteristics of the batteries, such as the charging and discharging characteristics, the constituent losses of over-potential voltage, and the electrolyte concentration profile at various stages of charge and discharge cycles, were also studied. It is found that the electrolyte concentration profiles of Li-ion batteries show a drooping behavior at the start of the discharge cycle and a rising behavior at the end of discharge because of the concentration polarization due to the low diffusion coefficient. The electrolyte concentration profiles of NiMH batteries show rising behavior throughout the discharge cycle without any deviations. The reason behind this even behavior throughout the discharge cycle is attributed to the reduced concentration polarization due to electrolyte transport limitations. It is found that the losses associated with the NiMH battery are larger and almost constant throughout the battery’s operation. Whereas for the Li-ion batteries, the losses are less variable. The electrolyte concentration directly affects the overpotential losses incurred during the charging and discharging phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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12 pages, 6138 KiB  
Article
Unveil Overcharge Performances of Activated Carbon Cathode in Various Li-Ion Electrolytes
by Xianzhong Sun, Yabin An, Xiong Zhang, Kai Wang, Changzhou Yuan, Xiaohu Zhang, Chen Li, Yanan Xu and Yanwei Ma
Batteries 2023, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010011 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Typically, the practical lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is composed of a capacitive cathode (activated carbon, AC) and a battery-type anode (graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon). There is a risk of the LIC cell overcharging to an unsafe voltage under electrical abuse conditions. Since the [...] Read more.
Typically, the practical lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is composed of a capacitive cathode (activated carbon, AC) and a battery-type anode (graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon). There is a risk of the LIC cell overcharging to an unsafe voltage under electrical abuse conditions. Since the anode potential is usually quite low during the charging process and can be controlled by adjusting the amount of anode materials, the overcharge performances of LIC full-cell mainly depend on the AC cathode. Thus, it is necessary to independently investigate the overcharge behaviors of the AC cathode in nonaqueous Li-ion electrolytes without the interference of the anode electrode. In this work, the stable upper potential limits of the AC electrode in three types of lithium-ion electrolytes were determined to be 4.0−4.1 V via the energy efficiency method. Then, the AC//Li half-cells were charged to 5.0 V and 10.0 V, respectively, to investigate the overcharge behaviors. For the half-cells with propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes, the voltage increased sharply to 10.0 V with a vertical straight line at the end of the overcharging process, indicating that the deposits of electrolyte decomposition had separated the AC electrode surface from the electrolytes, forming a self-protective passivation film with a dielectric capacitor behavior. The dense and compact passivation film is significant in separating the AC electrode surface from the electrolytes and preventing LIC cells from volume expansion and explosion risks under electrical abuse and overcharging conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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16 pages, 2424 KiB  
Article
Development of a Fusion Framework for Lithium-Ion Battery Capacity Estimation in Electric Vehicles
by Bo Jiang, Xuezhe Wei and Haifeng Dai
Batteries 2022, 8(9), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8090112 - 05 Sep 2022
Viewed by 2144
Abstract
The performance of a battery system is critical to the development of electric vehicles (EVs). Battery capacity decays with the use of EVs and an advanced onboard battery management system is required to estimate battery capacity accurately. However, the acquired capacity suffers from [...] Read more.
The performance of a battery system is critical to the development of electric vehicles (EVs). Battery capacity decays with the use of EVs and an advanced onboard battery management system is required to estimate battery capacity accurately. However, the acquired capacity suffers from poor accuracy caused by the inadequate utilization of battery information and the limitation of a single estimation method. This paper investigates an innovative fusion method based on the information fusion technique for battery capacity estimation, considering the actual working conditions of EVs. Firstly, a general framework for battery capacity estimation and fusion is proposed and two conventional capacity estimation methods running in different EV operating conditions are revisited. The error covariance of different estimations is deduced to evaluate the estimation uncertainties. Then, a fusion state–space function is constructed and realized through the Kalman filter to achieve the adaptive fusion of multi-dimensional capacity estimation. Several experiments simulating the actual battery operations in EVs are designed and performed to validate the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than conventional methods, obtaining more accurate and stable capacity estimation under different aging statuses. Finally, a practical judgment criterion for the current deviation fault is proposed based on fusion capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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Review

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21 pages, 6660 KiB  
Review
Strategies and Challenge of Thick Electrodes for Energy Storage: A Review
by Junsheng Zheng, Guangguang Xing, Liming Jin, Yanyan Lu, Nan Qin, Shansong Gao and Jim P. Zheng
Batteries 2023, 9(3), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030151 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5714
Abstract
In past years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be found in every aspect of life, and batteries, as energy storage systems (ESSs), need to offer electric vehicles (EVs) more competition to be accepted in markets for automobiles. Thick electrode design can reduce the use [...] Read more.
In past years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be found in every aspect of life, and batteries, as energy storage systems (ESSs), need to offer electric vehicles (EVs) more competition to be accepted in markets for automobiles. Thick electrode design can reduce the use of non-active materials in batteries to improve the energy density of the batteries and reduce the cost of the batteries. However, thick electrodes are limited by their weak mechanical stability and poor electrochemical performance; these limitations could be classified as the critical cracking thickness (CCT) and the limited penetration depth (LPD). The understanding of the CCT and the LPD have been proposed and the recent works on breaking the CCT and improving the LPD are listed in this article. By comprising these attempts, some thick electrodes could not offer higher mass loading or higher accessible areal capacity that would defeat the purpose. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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24 pages, 12542 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Application of Carbon Materials for Lithium Metal Batteries
by Zeyu Wu, Kening Sun and Zhenhua Wang
Batteries 2022, 8(11), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110246 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4556
Abstract
Lithium secondary batteries have been the most successful energy storage devices for nearly 30 years. Until now, graphite was the most mainstream anode material for lithium secondary batteries. However, the lithium storage mechanism of the graphite anode limits the further improvement of the [...] Read more.
Lithium secondary batteries have been the most successful energy storage devices for nearly 30 years. Until now, graphite was the most mainstream anode material for lithium secondary batteries. However, the lithium storage mechanism of the graphite anode limits the further improvement of the specific capacity. The lithium metal anode, with the lowest electrochemical potential and extremely high specific capacity, is considered to be the optimal anode material for next-generation lithium batteries. However, the lifetime degradation and safety problems caused by dendrite growth have seriously hindered its commercialization. Carbon materials have good electrical conductivity and modifiability, and various carbon materials were designed and prepared for use in lithium metal batteries. Here, we will start by analyzing the problems and challenges faced by lithium metal. Then, the application progress and achievements of various carbon materials in lithium metal batteries are summarized. Finally, the research suggestions are given, and the application feasibility of carbon materials in metal lithium batteries is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries and Li-Ion Capacitors: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications)
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