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Axioms
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Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences
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Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences

A special issue of Axioms (ISSN 2075-1680). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 14941

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cheng-Shian Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
Interests: image/video processing; image/video forensics; evolutionary algorithms; multimedia content analysis
Dr. Chien-Chang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
Interests: image porcessing; watermarking; visual cryptography; evolutionary algorithms; multimedia system
Prof. Dr. Yi-Hsien Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Banking & Finance, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
2. Master Program of Business Administration in Practice, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
Interests: financial management; applied economics; time series analysis; decision sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

We are pleased to announce the Special Issue entitled “Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences” to be published in the journal Axioms. Information science has long been a complex and interdisciplinary field. Recent developments in applied mathematics have been employed to construct proper solutions in related fields. In this Special Issue, we deal with research developments in various areas of applied mathematics and/or the application of artificial intelligence, statistical models, etc., to improve the state-of-the-art problems in the information science field. We will welcome and collect theoretical and applied contributions for this Special Issue. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Intelligent (multimedia) systems;
  • Deep learning;
  • Evolutionary computing;
  • Big data analysis;
  • Financial technology;
  • Econometric model;
  • Quantitative model;
  • Business intelligence;
  • Decision science analysis.

Dr. Cheng-Shian Lin
Dr. Chien-Chang Chen
Prof. Dr. Yi-Hsien Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Axioms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • intelligent (multimedia) systems
  • deep learning
  • evolutionary computing
  • big data analysis
  • financial technology
  • econometric model
  • quantitative model
  • business intelligence
  • decision science analysis.

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

38 pages, 988 KiB  
Article
An Exploration and Exploitation-Based Metaheuristic Approach for University Course Timetabling Problems
by Rakesh P. Badoni, Jayakrushna Sahoo, Shwetabh Srivastava, Mukesh Mann, D. K. Gupta, Swati Verma, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Lev A. Kazakovtsev and Darjan Karabašević
Axioms 2023, 12(8), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12080720 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1323
Abstract
The university course timetable problem (UCTP) is known to be NP-hard, with solution complexity growing exponentially with the problem size. This paper introduces an algorithm that effectively tackles UCTPs by employing a combination of exploration and exploitation strategies. The algorithm comprises two main [...] Read more.
The university course timetable problem (UCTP) is known to be NP-hard, with solution complexity growing exponentially with the problem size. This paper introduces an algorithm that effectively tackles UCTPs by employing a combination of exploration and exploitation strategies. The algorithm comprises two main components. Firstly, it utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA) to explore the search space and discover a solution within the global optimum region. Secondly, it enhances the solution by exploiting the region using an iterated local search (ILS) algorithm. The algorithm is tested on two common variants of UCTP: the post-enrollment-based course timetable problem (PE-CTP) and the curriculum-based course timetable problem (CB-CTP). The computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields competitive outcomes when compared empirically against other existing algorithms. Furthermore, a t-test comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms is conducted. The experimental findings also highlight that the hybrid approach effectively overcomes the limitation of local optima, which is encountered when solely employing GA in conjunction with local search. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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22 pages, 6569 KiB  
Article
Proposed Shaft Coupling Based on RPRRR Mechanism: Positional Analysis and Consequences
by Stelian Alaci, Ioan Doroftei, Florina-Carmen Ciornei, Ionut-Cristian Romanu, Toma-Marian Ciocirlan and Mariana-Catalina Ciornei
Axioms 2023, 12(7), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12070707 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 730
Abstract
This study proposes a solution for the transmission of rotation motion between two shafts with crossed directions. For constructive simplicity, the solutions including the planar pair were preferred and, from the two variants, namely structurally symmetric, revolute–planar–revolute (RPR), or asymmetric RRP, the last [...] Read more.
This study proposes a solution for the transmission of rotation motion between two shafts with crossed directions. For constructive simplicity, the solutions including the planar pair were preferred and, from the two variants, namely structurally symmetric, revolute–planar–revolute (RPR), or asymmetric RRP, the last was selected. The resulting solution, RPRRR, is a non-Denavit–Hartenberg (non-D–H) mechanism. The D–H methodology is laborious since the structure of the equivalent mechanism is more complex than the actual one. For this reason, in the present paper, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism uses geometrical conditions of existence of the planar pair. The system is solved analytically and two main conclusions result: for a set of constructive data and a stipulated position of the driving element, two different assembling positions exist and a rotation motion occurs in the final revolute joint, but in the internal revolute pairs, the motion is oscillatory. The correctness of the theoretical results was corroborated by a CATIA model. The mechanism was also constructed and smooth running was noticed. Two main concerns were considered for the design of the mechanism: avoiding mechanical interference between the elements and estimating the stresses and deformations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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18 pages, 1772 KiB  
Article
Automatic Classification of Coronary Stenosis Using Feature Selection and a Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm
by Miguel-Angel Gil-Rios, Claire Chalopin, Ivan Cruz-Aceves, Juan-Manuel Lopez-Hernandez, Martha-Alicia Hernandez-Gonzalez and Sergio-Eduardo Solorio-Meza
Axioms 2023, 12(5), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12050462 - 10 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1087
Abstract
In this paper, a novel method for the automatic classification of coronary stenosis based on a feature selection strategy driven by a hybrid evolutionary algorithm is proposed. The main contribution is the characterization of the coronary stenosis anomaly based on the automatic selection [...] Read more.
In this paper, a novel method for the automatic classification of coronary stenosis based on a feature selection strategy driven by a hybrid evolutionary algorithm is proposed. The main contribution is the characterization of the coronary stenosis anomaly based on the automatic selection of an efficient feature subset. The initial feature set consists of 49 features involving intensity, texture and morphology. Since the feature selection search space was O(2n), being n=49, it was treated as a high-dimensional combinatorial problem. For this reason, different single and hybrid evolutionary algorithms were compared, where the hybrid method based on the Boltzmann univariate marginal distribution algorithm (BUMDA) and simulated annealing (SA) achieved the best performance using a training set of X-ray coronary angiograms. Moreover, two different databases with 500 and 2700 stenosis images, respectively, were used for training and testing of the proposed method. In the experimental results, the proposed method for feature selection obtained a subset of 11 features, achieving a feature reduction rate of 77.5% and a classification accuracy of 0.96 using the training set. In the testing step, the proposed method was compared with different state-of-the-art classification methods in both databases, obtaining a classification accuracy and Jaccard coefficient of 0.90 and 0.81 in the first one, and 0.92 and 0.85 in the second one, respectively. In addition, based on the proposed method’s execution time for testing images (0.02 s per image), it can be highly suitable for use as part of a clinical decision support system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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13 pages, 979 KiB  
Article
A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to Measure the Journal Contribution to the Social Attention of Research
by Pablo Dorta-González
Axioms 2023, 12(4), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040337 - 30 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1664
Abstract
This paper proposes a three-year average of social attention as a more reliable measure of the social impact of journals since the social attention of research can vary widely among scientific articles, even within the same journal. The proposed measure is used to [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a three-year average of social attention as a more reliable measure of the social impact of journals since the social attention of research can vary widely among scientific articles, even within the same journal. The proposed measure is used to evaluate a journal’s contribution to social attention in comparison to other bibliometric indicators. This study uses Dimensions as a data source and examines research articles from 76 disciplinary libraries and information science journals through multiple linear regression analysis. This study identifies socially influential journals whose contribution to social attention is twice that of scholarly impact, as measured by citations. In addition, this study finds that the number of authors and open access have a moderate effect on social attention, while the journal impact factor has a negative effect and funding has a small effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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13 pages, 332 KiB  
Article
Probabilistic Coarsening for Knowledge Graph Embeddings
by Marcin Pietrasik and Marek Z. Reformat
Axioms 2023, 12(3), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12030275 - 06 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Knowledge graphs have risen in popularity in recent years, demonstrating their utility in applications across the spectrum of computer science. Finding their embedded representations is thus highly desirable as it makes them easily operated on and reasoned with by machines. With this in [...] Read more.
Knowledge graphs have risen in popularity in recent years, demonstrating their utility in applications across the spectrum of computer science. Finding their embedded representations is thus highly desirable as it makes them easily operated on and reasoned with by machines. With this in mind, we propose a simple meta-strategy for embedding knowledge graphs using probabilistic coarsening. In this approach, a knowledge graph is first coarsened before being embedded by an arbitrary embedding method. The resulting coarse embeddings are then extended down as those of the initial knowledge graph. Although straightforward, this allows for faster training by reducing knowledge graph complexity while revealing its higher-order structures. We demonstrate this empirically on four real-world datasets, which show that coarse embeddings are learned faster and are often of higher quality. We conclude that coarsening is a recommended prepossessing step regardless of the underlying embedding method used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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25 pages, 4326 KiB  
Article
Proposal for Mathematical and Parallel Computing Modeling as a Decision Support System for Actuarial Sciences
by Marcos dos Santos, Carlos Francisco Simões Gomes, Enderson Luiz Pereira Júnior, Miguel Ângelo Lellis Moreira, Igor Pinheiro de Araújo Costa and Luiz Paulo Fávero
Axioms 2023, 12(3), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12030251 - 01 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1258
Abstract
This paper aims to find the actuarial tables that best represent the occurrences of mortality and disability in the Brazilian Armed Forces, thus providing a better dimensioning of the costs of military pensions to be paid by the pension system. To achieve this [...] Read more.
This paper aims to find the actuarial tables that best represent the occurrences of mortality and disability in the Brazilian Armed Forces, thus providing a better dimensioning of the costs of military pensions to be paid by the pension system. To achieve this goal, an optimization software was developed that tests 53 actuarial tables for the death of valid military personnel, 21 boards for entry into the disability of assets, and 21 boards for mortality of invalids. The software performs 199 distinct adherence tests for each table analyzed through linear aggravations and de-escalations in the probabilities of death and disability. The statistical–mathematical method used was the chi-square adherence test in which the selected table is the one with the null hypothesis “observed data” equal to the “expected data” with the highest degree of accuracy. It is expected to bring a significant contribution to society, as a model of greater accuracy reduces the risk of a large difference between the projected cost and the cost observed on the date of the year, thus contributing to the maintenance of public governance. Additionally, the unprecedented and dual nature of the methodology presented here stands out. As a practical contribution, we emphasize that the results presented streamline the calculation of actuarial projections, reducing by more than 90% the processing times of calculations referring to actuarial projections of retirees from the armed forces. As a limitation of the study, we emphasize that, although possibly replicable, the database was restricted only to the Brazilian Armed Forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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22 pages, 1094 KiB  
Article
Applying the Fuzzy BWM to Determine the Cryptocurrency Trading System under Uncertain Decision Process
by Yeh-Cheng Yang, Wen-Sheng Shieh and Chun-Yueh Lin
Axioms 2023, 12(2), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12020209 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1413
Abstract
The crypto and digital assets ecosystems have attracted investment, regulators, and speculators to their environment. As the blockchain-based framework can reduce transaction costs, generate distributed trust, and enable decentralized platforms, it has become a potential new base for decentralized business models. Previous studies [...] Read more.
The crypto and digital assets ecosystems have attracted investment, regulators, and speculators to their environment. As the blockchain-based framework can reduce transaction costs, generate distributed trust, and enable decentralized platforms, it has become a potential new base for decentralized business models. Previous studies have highlighted the advantages and drawbacks of each platform, such as interest rates, cost concerns, transparency issues, hacking issues, and hazards. Consequently, it is challenging for investors to evaluate the cryptocurrency trading system which determines the optimum exchanges and crucial aspects. Therefore, in order to rank the optimal digital token trading system, this paper develops an evaluation architecture to determine the various token trading systems. The developed architecture integrates fuzzy theory and the best-worst method (BWM) into the decision-making process to assess decision behaviors regarding preference for digital token trading systems in investors in Taiwan. First, this work establishes the views and parameters by modifying the Delphi method based on a literature review and survey. Second, the fuzzy-BWM is applied to obtain the fuzzy weights of the views and parameters. Then, defuzzification and BWM are used to rank the optimal alternatives of the digital token trading systems for investors. The results indicate that the optimal digital token trading system is the decentralized platform, and the critical parameters are gas fees, interest rates, and the mechanism of savings under fuzzy uncertain scenarios. This means that when considering the uncertain and ambiguous characteristics of the expert decision process in digital token trading systems, the evaluation is decentralized and the gas fees are the most important parameter in the digital token investment platform. Academically, the fuzzy BWM-based decision-making architecture can provide corporations and investors with valuable guidance to rank the optimal digital token trading systems based on fuzzy uncertain scenarios. Commercially, the proposed architecture could provide corporations and investors with a useful model to measure the optimal digital token trading system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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12 pages, 817 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of the Major Temporal Arcade Using BUMDA and Jacobi Polynomials
by José Alfredo Soto-Álvarez, Iván Cruz-Aceves, Arturo Hernández-Aguirre, Martha Alicia Hernández-González, Luis Miguel López-Montero and Sergio Eduardo Solorio-Meza
Axioms 2023, 12(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12020137 - 29 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1099
Abstract
Within eye diseases, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity are considered one of the main causes of blindness in adults and children. In order to prevent the disease from reaching such an extreme, a timely diagnosis and effective treatment must be applied. Until [...] Read more.
Within eye diseases, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity are considered one of the main causes of blindness in adults and children. In order to prevent the disease from reaching such an extreme, a timely diagnosis and effective treatment must be applied. Until now, the way to verify the state of the retina has been to make qualitative observations of fundus images, all carried out by an ophthalmological specialist; however, this is totally restricted to their experience, and some changes in the vascular structure of the retina could be omitted, in addition to the fact that very high resolution images would be needed to be able to detect significant changes. Accordingly, with the help of computational tools, this diagnostic/monitoring process can be improved. This paper presents a novel strategy for the modeling of the MTA by using an estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) based on the probability density function in order to determine the coefficients and parameters (α,β) of a Jacobi polynomial series. A model using polynomials is the novel aspect of this work since in the literature there are no models of the MTA of this type, in addition to seeking to better cover the profile of the retinal vein. According to the experimental results, the proposed method presents the advantage to achieve superior performance in terms of the mean distance to the closest point (4.34 pixels), and the Hausdorff distance (14.43 pixels) with respect to different state-of-the-art methods of the numerical modeling of the retina, using the DRIVE database of retinal fundus images with a manual delineation of the MTA performed by an specialist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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11 pages, 1797 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Model Investigation of a Technological Structure for Personal Data Protection
by Radi Romansky
Axioms 2023, 12(2), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12020102 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1361
Abstract
The contemporary digital age is characterized by the massive use of different information technologies and services in the cloud. This raises the following question: “Are personal data processed correctly in global environments?” It is known that there are many requirements that the Data [...] Read more.
The contemporary digital age is characterized by the massive use of different information technologies and services in the cloud. This raises the following question: “Are personal data processed correctly in global environments?” It is known that there are many requirements that the Data Controller must perform. For this reason, this article presents a point of view for transferring some activities for personal data processing from a traditional system to a cloud environment. The main goal is to investigate the differences between the two versions of data processing. To achieve this goal, a preliminary deterministic formalization of the two cases using a Data Flow Diagram is made. The second phase is the organization of a mathematical (stochastic) model investigation on the basis of a Markov chain apparatus. Analytical models are designed, and their solutions are determined. The final probabilities for important states are determined based on an analytical calculation, and the higher values for the traditional version are defined for data processing in registers (“2”: access for write/read −0.353; “3”: personal data updating −0.212). The investigation of the situations based on cloud computing determines the increasing probability to be “2”. Discussion of the obtained assessment based on a graphical presentation of the analytical results is presented, which permits us to show the differences between the final probabilities for the states in the two versions of personal data processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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13 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Hedge, Arbitrage, and After-Hours Trading on the Holding Returns of TAIEX Futures
by Chien-Chih Lin, Yuan Chung Lee, Chien-Jen Su and Pei-Ling Lin
Axioms 2023, 12(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12010071 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1453
Abstract
This study points out a new explanation of the non-trading effect of financial derivatives from the perspective of hedging demand. We examine the influence of hedging demand on the non-trading effect of TAIEX (Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index) Futures. By dividing [...] Read more.
This study points out a new explanation of the non-trading effect of financial derivatives from the perspective of hedging demand. We examine the influence of hedging demand on the non-trading effect of TAIEX (Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index) Futures. By dividing the sample period into trading period and non-trading period and testing the difference between the risk premiums in these two intervals, we find that there is a non-trading effect in TAIEX Futures, which means that the holding returns of TAIEX Futures in the non-trading period are higher than those in the trading period. By estimating a dummy-regression model, the evidence shows that when the VIX (Taiwan Index Option Volatility Index) indicator is relatively high, the non-trading effect will be more significant, indicating that the non-trading effect may come from investors’ hedging needs. In addition, it is found that when the futures index is higher than the spot index, the non-trading effect becomes less obvious. The possible reason is that when there is a positive spread in index futures, investors will expect a bull market, thus reducing the hedging demand of index futures. In the end, we find that the liquidity in the after-hours trading session is poor, resulting in high hedging costs, and forcing investors to hedge during the regular trading period. Therefore, the after-hours trading of TAIEX Futures fails to reduce the non-trading effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences)
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