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A special issue of Atoms (ISSN 2218-2004). This special issue belongs to the section "Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Spectroscopy and Collisions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2023) | Viewed by 8846

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Dr. Bindiya Arora

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Guest Editor

1. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
2. Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Interests: atomic structure; high-precision atomic calculations; cold-atom physics; magic wavelength; tune-out wavelength; atomic clocks; quantum revivals

Dr. Aman Mahajan

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Guest Editor

Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
Interests: materials science; solar cells; solar energy; surface engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of spectroscopic methods and techniques on atoms, ions and molecules is widespread. The usefulness of spectroscopic data ranges is seen through their applications in astrophysics, plasma physics, van der Waals materials, optoelectronic devices, sensors, quantum optical systems, cold-atom physics, etc. Various theoretical methods and models have been developed to calculate the spectroscopic properties of atoms and molecules. These models can provide accurate atomic properties, which can provide a new direction for fundamental physics. In addition to this, the advent of laser cooling and trapping techniques has led to experimental advances in spectroscopic measurements. Accurate experimental data not only support the ever-growing demand for atomic data, but also allow for the sophisticated testing of theoretical methods.

This Special Issue aims to invite original contributions on theoretical and experimental advances made in the field of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and their applications. The contributions may include innovative experimental techniques, state-of-the art theoretical methods or novel computational approaches. Reviews on the developments in the field are welcome as well. Applications of spectroscopic data may include, but are not limited to, the following research areas:

Fundamental physics;
Atomic structure;
Astrophysics;
Plasma physics;
Materials science;
Cold-atom physics;
Quantum optics;
Frequency standard.

Dr. Bindiya Arora
Dr. Aman Mahajan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atoms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

astrophysics
plasma physics
van der Waals materials
optoelectronic devices and sensors
quantum optical systems
cold-atom physics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exponentially Correlated Hylleraas–Configuration Interaction Studies of Atomic Systems. III. Upper and Lower Bounds to He-Sequence Oscillator Strengths for the Resonance ¹S→¹P Transition

by James S. Sims, Bholanath Padhy and María Belén Ruiz Ruiz

Atoms 2023, 11(7), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11070107 - 22 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1012

Abstract

The exponentially correlated Hylleraas–configuration interaction method (E-Hy-CI) is a generalization of the Hylleraas–configuration interaction method (Hy-CI) in which the single

r_{i j}

of an Hy-CI wave function is generalized to a form of the generic type [...] Read more.

The exponentially correlated Hylleraas–configuration interaction method (E-Hy-CI) is a generalization of the Hylleraas–configuration interaction method (Hy-CI) in which the single

r_{i j}

of an Hy-CI wave function is generalized to a form of the generic type

r_{i j}^{ν_{i j}} e^{- ω_{i j} r_{i j}}

. This work continues the exploration, begun in the first two papers in this series (on the helium atom and on ground and excited

S

states of Li II), of whether wave functions containing both linear and exponential

r_{i j}

factors converge more rapidly than either one alone. In the present study, we examined not only 1

s^{2}

^{1} S

states but 1s2p

^{1} P

states for the He I, Li II, Be III, C V and O VII members of the He isoelectronic sequence as well. All

^{1} P

energies except He I are better than previous results. The wave functions obtained were used to calculate oscillator strengths, including upper and lower bounds, for the He-sequence lowest (resonance)

^{1} S \to

^{1} P

transition. Interpolation techniques were used to make a graphical study of the oscillator strength behavior along the isoelectronic sequence. Comparisons were made with previous experimental and theoretical results. The results of this study are oscillator strengths for the 1

s^{2}

^{1} S \to

1s2

p^{1} P

He isoelectronic sequence with rigorous non-relativistic quantum mechanical upper and lower bounds of (0.001–0.003)% and probable precision ≤ 0.0000003, and were obtained by extending the previously developed E-Hy-CI formalism to include the calculation of transition moments (oscillator strengths). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy)

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11 pages, 677 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stabilizing Frequency of a Diode Laser to a Reference Transition of Molecular Iodine through Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy

by Lakhi Sharma, Atish Roy, Subhasis Panja and Subhadeep De

Atoms 2023, 11(5), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050083 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1678

Abstract

We report the frequency stabilization of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) to a reference molecular iodine (I₂) transition at 13,531.18 cm⁻¹ (739.03382 nm). Using the Modulation Transfer Spectroscopy (MTS) method for the highly sensitive detection of weak absorption signals, the Doppler-free absorption peaks of I₂ corresponding to the hot band transition R(78) (1–11) are resolved. The ECDL’s frequency is stabilized with respect to one of the lines lying within the reference absorption band. For this, the iodine vapor cell is heated to 450 °C and the corresponding circularly polarized pump and probe beam powers are maintained at 10 mW and 1 mW, respectively, to avoid power broadening. The short (100 ms) and long-term (50 h) linewidths of the frequency stabilized laser are measured to be 0.75(3) MHz and 0.5(2) MHz, respectively, whereas the natural linewidth of the specific I₂-transitions lie within a range of tens of MHz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy)

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16 pages, 562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamics of Twisted Electron Impact Ionization of CH₄ and NH₃ Molecule

by Nikita Dhankhar, Neha and Rakesh Choubisa

Atoms 2023, 11(5), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050082 - 10 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1083

Abstract

Electron vortex beams (EVBs, also known as twisted electron beams) possess an intrinsic orbital angular momentum (OAM) with respect to their propagation direction. This intrinsic OAM represents a new degree of freedom that provides new insights into investigating the dynamics of electron impact ionization. In this communication, we present, in the first Born approximation (FBA), the angular profiles of the triple differential cross section (TDCS) for the (e, 2e) process on CH

_{4}

and NH

_{3}

molecular targets in the coplanar asymmetric geometry. We compare the TDCS of the EVB for different values of OAM number m with that of the plane wave. For a more realistic scenario, we investigate the average TDCS for macroscopic targets to explore the influence of the opening angle

θ_{p}

of the twisted electron beam on the TDCS. In addition, we also present the TDCS for the coherent superposition of two EVBs. The results demonstrate that the twisted (e, 2e) process retrieves the p-type character of the molecular orbitals, which is absent in the plane wave TDCS for the given kinematics. The results for the coherent superposition of two Bessel beams show the sensitivity of TDCS toward the OAM number m. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy)

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12 pages, 10083 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Acetone Sensing Based on Group-11 Metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphitic Carbon Nitride (gCN)

by Nihal, Rahul Sharma, Navjot Kaur, Mamta Sharma, B. C. Choudhary and J. K. Goswamy

Atoms 2023, 11(5), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11050078 - 01 May 2023

Viewed by 1846

Abstract

In this work, a group-11 metal nanoparticle-embedded, graphitic carbon nitride-based, resistive-type sensor was developed for room temperature acetone sensing. We synthesized pure and group-11 transition metal (Cu, Ag and Au) nanoparticles embedded in graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) by thermal polycondensation and chemical reduction methods. The synthesized material was characterized using UV/visspectroscopy, FTIRspectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, and EDS techniques. Sensing properties such as response, response/recovery time, selectivity, and stability were calculated. This study confirms that Ag/gCN is the best material for room temperature sensing of acetone compared to Cu/gCN, Au/gCN, and pure gCN. The response of Ag/gCN for 20 ppm acetone at room temperature is 28%. The response/recovery time is 42.05/37.09 s. Moreover, the response of Ag/gCN is stable for 10 days. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy)

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Review

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19 pages, 1997 KiB

Open AccessReview

Indigenisation of the Quantum Clock: An Indispensable Tool for Modern Technologies

by Subhadeep De and Arijit Sharma

Atoms 2023, 11(4), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms11040071 - 10 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2493

Abstract

Time and frequency (T&F) measurement with unprecedented accuracy is the backbone for several sophisticated technologies, commensurate with the evolution of human civilisation in the 20th century in terms of communication, positioning, navigation, and precision timing. This necessity drove researchers in the early 1950s to build atomic clocks that have now evolved to a state-of-the-art level, operating at optical wavelengths as optical atomic clocks, which use cold and trapped samples of atomic/ionic species and various other sophisticated diagnostic test techniques. Such ultrahigh-precision accurate clocks have made it possible to probe fundamental aspects of science through incredibly sensitive measurements. On the other hand, they meet the T&F synchronisation standards for classical and emerging quantum technologies at the desired level of accuracy. Considering the impact of optical atomic clocks in the second quantum revolution (quantum 2.0), they have been identified as an indispensable critical technology in worldwide quantum missions, including in India. This article reviews the present international scenario regarding optical atomic clocks and their related technologies and draws a roadmap for their indigenisation over the next decade. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy)

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