Air-Sea Interaction Processes during Severe Atmospheric and Oceanic Events

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 November 2022) | Viewed by 7285

Special Issue Editors

Department Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila/CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
Interests: atmosphere dynamics; air–sea interaction; high precipitation events; numerical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
Interests: climate dynamics, regional and global modelling; modes of variability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila/CETEMPS, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
Interests: atmospheric physics; meteorology; numerical modelling; data assimilation; climate modelling
Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Venice, Italy
Interests: ocean waves; extreme events; air–sea interaction; wave–current interaction; climate; data analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
ISMAR Istituto di Scienze Marine-Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venice, Italy
Interests: wind waves; extreme waves; air-sea interaction; observations; modelling; climate

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of Atmosphere dedicated to collecting state-of-the-art investigations on interdisciplinary results based on the role of air-sea interactions during severe and extreme events in both the atmosphere and the ocean. The complex two-way feedback that occurs at the interface is one of the key elements that drives severe and extreme atmospheric and oceanic events. Interaction processes act over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from the local to synoptic, and from the short-term to climate. These processes are mediated by the characteristics of the interface that impact and modulate fluxes of momentum, mass, and heat between the atmosphere and the ocean. The description, observation and modeling of these coupled systems, and of the physical processes connecting its components, are fundamental for the understanding of severe and extreme atmospheric and oceanic events. 

Examples of topics covered by this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • air-sea feedback and impact on planetary boundary layer, genesis and intensification of high precipitation events, tropical cyclones, tropical-like cyclones, severe extratropical and explosive cyclogenesis, and in general on severe weather systems;
  • numerical weather prediction approach: case study and numerical implementation under coupled and uncoupled applications;
  • regional atmosphere-ocean climate modelling: partially and fully coupled studies ;
  • satellite, in-situ, and laboratory observations;
  • sea surface temperature and ocean heat content impact on atmospheric dynamics from short-term to climate scale;
  • sea storms and impact of wind-waves on the ocean and the atmosphere

Manuscripts may present original research or review previous works and summarize the current state of the science.

Dr. Antonio Ricchi
Dr. Giovanni Liguori
Prof. Dr. Rossella Ferretti
Dr. Alvise Benetazzo
Dr. Francesco Barbariol
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air-sea interaction
  • severe and extreme atmosphere and ocean events
  • marine waves storm
  • coupled and uncoupled model
  • sea surface temperature
  • storm waves
  • heat, momentum and mass fluxes
  • tropical cyclones
  • explosive cyclogenesis
  • numerical weather prediction

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3461 KiB  
Article
The Role of Phytoplankton Biomacromolecules in Controlling Ocean Surface Roughness
by Amadini Jayasinghe, Scott Elliott, Georgina A. Gibson and Douglas Vandemark
Atmosphere 2022, 13(12), 2101; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122101 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 962
Abstract
Satellite altimetric data routinely map sea surface topography by measuring the ocean return signal. One source of altimeter measurement contamination occurs when the radar ocean backscatter becomes unusually large, a situation termed a Sigma-0 bloom. Past research suggests Sigma-0 blooms are associated with [...] Read more.
Satellite altimetric data routinely map sea surface topography by measuring the ocean return signal. One source of altimeter measurement contamination occurs when the radar ocean backscatter becomes unusually large, a situation termed a Sigma-0 bloom. Past research suggests Sigma-0 blooms are associated with weak wind and natural surface slick conditions where capillary waves at the air–sea interface are suppressed. To date, no explicit connection between these conditions and Sigma-0 bloom presence has been provided. Using a series of simplified equations, our reduced model determines capillary wave heights from estimates of planktonic carbon concentrations and regional wind speed. Our results suggest that the radar signal reflection increases as capillary wave height decreases. This relationship depends on surfactant concentration, surfactant composition, and wind speed. Model sensitivity analysis indicates that the interface reflectivity depends on biological activity and wind speed. Our proposed simplified model provides a method to identify potential Sigma-0 bloom regions. We conclude that because of the demonstrated impact of biological surfactants on ocean roughness, it is necessary to consider the biological activity, i.e., phytoplankton bloom events, when interpreting signals from radar altimetry and when developing ocean hydrology models. Full article
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16 pages, 37312 KiB  
Article
What Made the Sustained Intensification of Tropical Cyclone Fani in the Bay of Bengal? An Investigation Using Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Model
by Kumar Ravi Prakash, Vimlesh Pant, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar and Navin Chandra
Atmosphere 2022, 13(4), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040535 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2619
Abstract
The extremely severe tropical cyclone Fani (25 April–5 May 2019) unusually sustained high intensity for a prolonged duration over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). A regional coupled atmosphere–ocean model was used to investigate the atmospheric and oceanic conditions and processes responsible for the [...] Read more.
The extremely severe tropical cyclone Fani (25 April–5 May 2019) unusually sustained high intensity for a prolonged duration over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). A regional coupled atmosphere–ocean model was used to investigate the atmospheric and oceanic conditions and processes responsible for the sustained intensification of the tropical cyclone (TC) Fani. The coupled model simulated the track and intensification/weakening stages of the cyclone reasonably well. A reduction in sea surface temperature (by −2 °C) and an increase in sea surface salinity due to cyclone-induced upwelling and inertial mixing was noticed in both observations and model. The passage of TC Fani over two geostrophic mesoscale warm-core eddies along the cyclone track was found to supply the necessary energy for the intensification of TC Fani. The sea surface height anomaly and tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) were higher during TC Fani than other pre-monsoon cyclones in the BoB. The anomalous TCHP in the warm-core eddy zones (i.e., in excess of >160 kJ cm−2) maintained the warm surface temperature and high air–sea heat fluxes. The air–sea latent heat flux and atmospheric wind shear were favourable for the intensification of the cyclone. The atmospheric moist static energy enhanced up to 360 kJ kg−1 with a deep vertical extension in the atmospheric column supporting the further intensification of TC Fani. Therefore, the unusual oceanic TCHP associated with mesoscale eddies, higher latent heat flux, and enhanced moist static energy in the atmosphere contributed to the sustained intensification of TC Fani for a prolonged period in the BoB. Full article
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16 pages, 6109 KiB  
Article
Propagation of a Meteotsunami from the Yellow Sea to the Korea Strait in April 2019
by Kyungman Kwon, Byoung-Ju Choi, Sung-Gwan Myoung and Han-Seul Sim
Atmosphere 2021, 12(8), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081083 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
A meteotsunami with a wave height of 0.1–0.9 m and a period of 60 min was observed at tide gauges along the Korea Strait on 7 April 2019, while a train of two to four atmospheric pressure disturbances with disturbance heights of 1.5–3.9 [...] Read more.
A meteotsunami with a wave height of 0.1–0.9 m and a period of 60 min was observed at tide gauges along the Korea Strait on 7 April 2019, while a train of two to four atmospheric pressure disturbances with disturbance heights of 1.5–3.9 hPa moved eastward from the Yellow Sea to the Korea Strait. Analysis of observational data indicated that isobar lines of the atmospheric pressure disturbances had angles of 75–83° counterclockwise due east and propagated with a velocity of 26.5–31.0 m/s. The generation and propagation process of the meteotsunami was investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System. The long ocean waves were amplified due to Proudman resonance in the southwestern Yellow Sea, where the water is deeper than 75 m; here, the long ocean waves were refracted toward the coast on the shallow coastal region of the northern Korea Strait. Refraction and reflection by offshore islands significantly affect the wave heights at the coast. To investigate the effects of an eastward-moving velocity and angle of atmospheric pressure disturbance on the height of a long ocean wave, sensitivity simulations were performed. This result will be useful for the real-time prediction system of meteotsunamis in the Korea Strait. Full article
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