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Special Issue "Coastal Hazards and Climate Change"

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Guest Editor

College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
Interests: storm surge; extreme sea level; mean sea level; compound flood

Dr. Delei Li

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Guest Editor

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: extreme wind and wave; regional climate change; climate project; compound extremes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coastal areas are great places to live, work, and play. Unfortunately, these areas are feeling the effects of changing air and water temperature, rising sea levels, changes in the amount of rainfall, increased flooding, and more severe storms. Thus, climate change is already unavoidably affecting the climate–ocean system. As a consequence of climate change, global coastal communities are increasingly at risk from coastal hazards, such as rising sea levels and increased storm intensity. Indeed, these are the type of major climate impact on coastal areas that will require significant intervention, alongside other phenomena such as drought. This Special Issue focuses on the relationship between coastal hazards and climate change, aiming to promote the coastal vulnerability assessments with respect to present and predicted climate change scenarios. There is no geographical remit for the submissions. Original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

The changes in storm surges, wave, mean sea level, marine heatwave, extreme wind, precipitation, floods and other hazards in the coastal areas;
The effect of climate changes on the coastal hazards;
The variations and changes of compound extreme events in the coastal areas;
Detection and attribution of changes in extremes in the coastal areas;
Costal vulnerability and hazards management;
Assessment, adaption, and mitigation of coastal hazards;
Method and dataset for the coastal hazards;
Coastal erosion and coastline changes
The projection of coastal hazards from IPCC6.

Dr. Jianlong Feng
Dr. Delei Li
Guest Editors

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Keywords

coastal hazards
climate change
coastal vulnerability
compound extreme events
method and dataset
assessment, adaption, and mitigation
projection
detection and attribution

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Research

18 pages, 21836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Projection of Sea Level Change in the South China Sea Based on Dynamical Downscaling

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Atmosphere 2023, 14(9), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091343 - 26 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 659

Abstract

The projection of future sea level change is usually based on the global climate models (GCMs); however, due to the low spatial resolution of the GCMs, the ability to reproduce the spatial heterogeneity of sea level is limited. In order to improve the sea level simulation capability in the South China Sea (SCS), a high-resolution ocean model has been established by using the dynamic downscaling technology. By evaluating and testing 20 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), average results of seven models were selected as the forcing condition of the high-resolution ocean model. The ocean model conducted the historical (1980~2014) and future (2015~2100) simulation under three scenarios of Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5). The selected average results of seven models in CMIP6 are better than any of them individually. The downscaled dynamic ocean model provides fruitful spatial characteristics of the sea level change, with a decrease in the dynamic sea level (DSL) in the central and southeastern parts of the SCS, and with a significant increase in the coastal DSL. The local steric sea level (SSL) is dominated by the local thermosteric sea level (TSSL), and the changes of local TSSL more than half of the sea level rise in SCS, indicate the magnitude of total sea level rise is dominated by local TSSL. But the spatial variation in total sea level is dominated by the spatial variation in DSL. Compared with CMIP5, the rise magnitude of the DSL and the local TSSL have been increased under the CMIP6 scenarios. The dynamic downscaling of sea level reveals more spatial details, provides more reliable projection of future sea level under the background of global warming, and can provide a new reference for coastal areas in the SCS to cope with the increasing risk of extreme water level disasters in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Climate Change)

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17 pages, 10286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wave and Meso-Scale Eddy Climate in the Arctic Ocean

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Atmosphere 2023, 14(6), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060911 - 23 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 912

Abstract

Under global climate change, the characteristics of oceanic dynamics are gradually beginning to change due to melting sea ice. This study focused on inter-annual variation in waves and mesoscale eddies (radius > 40 km) in the Arctic Ocean from 1993 to 2021. The waves were simulated by a numerical wave model, WAVEWATCH-III (WW3), which included a parameterization of ice–wave interaction. The long-term wind data were from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-5), and current and sea level data from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)were used as the forcing fields. The simulated significant wave heights (SWHs) were validated against the 2012 measurements from the Jason-2 altimeter, yielding a 0.55 m root mean square error (RMSE) with a 0.95 correlation (COR). The seasonal variation in WW3-simulated SWH from 2021 to 2022 showed that the SWH was the lowest in summer (July and August 2021) and highest in winter (November 2021 to April 2022). This result indicates that parts of the Arctic could become navigable in summer. The mesoscale eddies were identified using a daily-averaged sea level anomalies (SLA) product with a spatial resolution of a 0.25° grid for 1993−2021. We found that the activity intensity (EKE) and radius of mesoscale eddies in the spatial distribution behaved in opposing ways. The analysis of seasonal variation showed that the increase in eddy activity could lead to wave growth. The amplitude of SWH peaks was reduced when the Arctic Oscillation Index (AOI) was <−1.0 and increased when the AOI was >0.5, especially in the case of swells. The amplitude of SWH oscillation was low, and the EKE and radius of eddies were relatively small. Although the radius and EKE of eddies were almost similar to the AOI, the waves also influenced the eddies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards and Climate Change)

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