Research

20 pages, 2734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unpacking Shifts of Spatial Attributes and Typologies of Urban Identity in Heritage Assessment Post COVID-19 Using Chinatown, Melbourne, as a Case Study

by Shiran Geng, Hing-Wah Chau, Elmira Jamei and Zora Vrcelj

Architecture 2023, 3(4), 753-772; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3040041 - 06 Dec 2023

Viewed by 976

Abstract

Many studies acknowledge the significance of assessment frameworks for urban heritage sites in preserving their identities. Due to the pandemic and its impact on heritage sites and visitors, the spatial features and identities of many heritage sites have undergone inevitable shifts, challenging the [...] Read more.

Many studies acknowledge the significance of assessment frameworks for urban heritage sites in preserving their identities. Due to the pandemic and its impact on heritage sites and visitors, the spatial features and identities of many heritage sites have undergone inevitable shifts, challenging the current assessment frameworks. As numerous urban heritage sites are being revitalised post COVID-19, this study aims to explore how heritage-assessment frameworks can be adapted during the pandemic to sustainably capture the identity of urban heritage sites, particularly from a spatial perspective. Methodologically, the study first examines existing urban-heritage-assessment frameworks, including typologies, embedded spatial attributes, and analysis methods, through a literature review. The research adopts the methodology framework for collecting and assessing evidence to demonstrate the cultural significance outlined in the ‘Guidance on identifying place and object of state-level social value in Victoria’ under Criterion G by the Heritage Council of Victoria. Chinatown, Melbourne, serves as the case study to address the research questions, utilising qualitative data from archival review and field observation. The results highlight the shortcomings of current heritage assessments, particularly in urban contexts, emphasising the overlooked importance of spatial attributes for understanding urban identity. This is exemplified by the exacerbated identity crisis in Chinatown, Melbourne, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the study recommends future heritage assessments incorporate spatial attributes with a thematic approach tailored to diverse cultural-heritage backgrounds in the post-pandemic era. The study acknowledges the sample size and encourages future studies to test the framework with case studies of varied backgrounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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21 pages, 20161 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Enhancing Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Buildings by Applying Solar-Powered Techniques

by Abdul Munaf Mohamed Irfeey, Elmira Jamei, Hing-Wah Chau and Brindha Ramasubramanian

Architecture 2023, 3(2), 213-233; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020013 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2643

Abstract

As most people spend their days indoors, it is indeed important that buildings provide residents with a higher standard of health, convenience, and safety. As a result, many practices are implemented into buildings to improve the comfort of occupants, particularly thermal comfort; nevertheless, [...] Read more.

As most people spend their days indoors, it is indeed important that buildings provide residents with a higher standard of health, convenience, and safety. As a result, many practices are implemented into buildings to improve the comfort of occupants, particularly thermal comfort; nevertheless, the energy required to run and maintain these applications is a significant constraint. Renewable energy sources offer alternative solutions to energy demand problems, and selecting the best renewable energy sources is crucial. In this article, we examine the health and well-being advantages to the occupants, as well as the surrounding environment, of a variety of novel strategies that may be integrated into buildings to increase occupants’ thermal comfort for conventional practices using solar power. The key discoveries explored in this article include daylighting, passive ventilation, thermal applications, cooling applications, and power generation. For this, the information was gathered by a systematic review of the relevant prior literature. In addition, the detrimental effects of existing practices on the health and well-being of residents and the environment are included. While there are still some practical obstacles to overcome in the extraction of solar energy, the technology exists. Potential future obstacles to the broad acceptance and usage of solar energy systems in buildings are highlighted, as well as possible solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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18 pages, 9660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Thermal Effect of Various Local Park Settings: A Simulation-Based Case Study of Sunshine Coast, Australia

by Majed Abuseif

Architecture 2023, 3(2), 195-212; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020012 - 14 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2072

Abstract

Local parks are widely used to mitigate urban heat islands. However, the increase of dry weather periods in subtropical climates has caused natural grass failure, leading some city councils to replace it with artificial grass. Therefore, this study investigates various local park settings [...] Read more.

Local parks are widely used to mitigate urban heat islands. However, the increase of dry weather periods in subtropical climates has caused natural grass failure, leading some city councils to replace it with artificial grass. Therefore, this study investigates various local park settings to assess the performance of different ground covers (i.e., irrigated and non-irrigated natural grass, bare soil, and artificial grass) and the influence that tree proximity has on them, as well as the total thermal performance of the investigated local parks. This study finds that non-irrigated parks could harm park users’ health due to the high concentration of mean radiant temperature (MRT) around trees. Although the surface temperature of the artificial grass was higher (2.60 °C) than that of asphalt during periods of peak temperature, the parks using artificial grass performed better at reducing air temperature and enhancing thermal comfort than the ones with dry grass or bare soil, where both tree proximity and soil water content played significant roles. However, artificial grass negatively affected night cooling, resulting in a poorer daily performance. This study discusses the influence of various park settings on air temperature, MRT, thermal comfort, surface temperature, soil temperature, and water content. In addition, various recommendations and settings are offered to direct decision makers and future studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

13 pages, 2947 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Vertical City Park Model for Promoting Physical Activity and Sports Practice in People of All Ages

by Andrea Petrigna and Luca Petrigna

Architecture 2024, 4(1), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010001 - 20 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1215

Abstract

(1) Background: Modern society is characterized by urbanization and an increase in noncommunicable diseases. Governments frequently adopt policies to intervene in this regard; however, they are not always successful. Parks are an easy and feasible health intervention, but they are not always present [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Modern society is characterized by urbanization and an increase in noncommunicable diseases. Governments frequently adopt policies to intervene in this regard; however, they are not always successful. Parks are an easy and feasible health intervention, but they are not always present in cities due to a lack of space. Considering the above aspects, the present study aims to analyze the scientific literature on this topic to provide a city park model versatile in different urban contexts. (2) Methods: A review of the scientific literature on this topic is performed to discover building models designed to replace/flank urban parks. (3) Results: No such articles are found in the scientific literature. The proposed model is a vertical city park. It is a modular structure designed to be adaptable to the urban context. It includes parks, sports fields, and fitness centers in a green and healthy environment. (4) Conclusions: In the scientific literature, there are no mentions of city park models. Consequently, a design model is proposed. This model for a vertical city park can be an instrument for a population-based health program. This solution has the potential to be feasible and economical, thereby giving the community a more easy-to-adopt instrument. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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16 pages, 4644 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of the Application of Blue–Green Infrastructure (BGI) as an Effective Urban Flood Mitigation Strategy for Livable and Healthy Cities in Australia

by Isuri Shanika Ariyarathna, Wasudha Prabodhani Abeyrathna, Elmira Jamei and Hing-Wah Chau

Architecture 2023, 3(3), 461-476; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030025 - 16 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1695

Abstract

Blue–green infrastructure (BGI) has become a practical approach with emerging attention to addressing flood mitigation in many countries worldwide. The environmentally sound, sustainable approach of BGI has led it to gain scientific interest above other available mitigation techniques, such as grey infrastructure, soakaways, [...] Read more.

Blue–green infrastructure (BGI) has become a practical approach with emerging attention to addressing flood mitigation in many countries worldwide. The environmentally sound, sustainable approach of BGI has led it to gain scientific interest above other available mitigation techniques, such as grey infrastructure, soakaways, etc. This study was intended to conduct a thorough scoping review, followed by a bibliometric analysis, using the VOSViewer version 1.6.19, of the available flood mitigation techniques and the emergence and effectiveness of BGI as a strategy. The scoping review was based on 50+ recent (between 2013 and 2022) journal research papers. The study enabled the development of an elaborative idea about BGI and its applications in Australia, and it describes the trend of research to use BGI for flood mitigation. Following a comprehensive survey, it was established that BGI had been recognized as an effective measure in addressing unexpected floods, and it is indeed a beneficial project in the long term. It mitigates urban flooding, improves the environmental quality by purifying the urban atmosphere, and, further, includes the health and well-being of the community as co-benefits. However, although BGI has many environmental and other connected benefits, there are some restrictions that are decelerating the initiation of BGI as a project. Therefore, this application takes time and effort even before implementation. The bibliometric analysis of this study revealed that robust connectivity is seen in the global perspective between BGI, green infrastructure, and flood risk management, depicting a strong bond. In contrast, in the Australian context, an explicitly networked BGI specifically had yet to be seen, and only “green infrastructure” was used instead. However, the emergence of BGI for flood mitigation was recognized in 2015, while Australian research was likely initiated in 2016. There is less acceleration in Australian studies compared to the global scenario. BGI is a trending topic in scientific research, offering a vast variety of benefits to the country. Concluding, this study strongly suggests an immediate initiation of proper awareness and the development of relatable policies as two primary considerations to encourage the implementation of BGI, which is an effective strategy to address floods in Australia and create livable and healthy cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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34 pages, 4166 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring Influencing Factors and Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Water Management on Green Roofs: A Systematic Quantitative Review

by Majed Abuseif

Architecture 2023, 3(2), 294-327; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020017 - 02 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3434

Abstract

Green roofs are becoming popular in urban areas due to their potential benefits, including energy efficiency, urban heat island mitigation, and stormwater management. However, their water consumption can negatively impact water resources. Therefore, carefully managing the water consumption of green roofs is crucial [...] Read more.

Green roofs are becoming popular in urban areas due to their potential benefits, including energy efficiency, urban heat island mitigation, and stormwater management. However, their water consumption can negatively impact water resources. Therefore, carefully managing the water consumption of green roofs is crucial to ensure they do not exacerbate existing water scarcity issues. This review explores the influencing factors and innovative solutions that increase the sustainability of water management on green roofs. A systematic quantitative review was conducted on published studies on green roofs. The review highlighted that while small-scale experimental studies are almost saturated, large-scale monitoring studies are still lacking. Modelling and assessing green roof settings based on climatic conditions and water availability and consumption are essential for successful water management. Using integrated technologies and sensing systems can increase water management efficiency and sustainability. Rainwater may be sufficient as a water source for green roofs in wet climates, while irrigation is still needed in other climates. Phytoremediation and biosorption can potentially increase runoff water quality. Improving hydrological performance by increasing rainwater retention and reducing water consumption capacity can reduce demand for other water resources and effectively manage small storms, mitigating pressure on city infrastructure and increasing water quality. Seeking non-potable sources, such as greywater, or harvesting enough rainwater to be used for irrigation during dry weather periods is highly advantageous for improving the sustainability of green roofs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

14 pages, 3894 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Analysis of Operational Energy between Adaptive Reuse Historic Buildings (ARHB) and Modern Office Buildings: A Case Study in Sri Lanka

by Isuri Shanika Ariyarathna, Methsika Kariyakarawana, Wasudha Prabodhani Abeyrathna, Nina Danilina and Rangika Umesh Halwatura

Architecture 2023, 3(3), 344-357; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3030019 - 22 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1429

Abstract

Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings (ARHB) is a new concept in developing countries like Sri Lanka. One of the main concerns for the intendancy of decision makers to ARHB is the operational energy. This paper analyzes the research gap of reusing historical buildings [...] Read more.

Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings (ARHB) is a new concept in developing countries like Sri Lanka. One of the main concerns for the intendancy of decision makers to ARHB is the operational energy. This paper analyzes the research gap of reusing historical buildings as office spaces by utilizing their structural and architectural designs and preserving the buildings’ authenticity for the future. It further aims to protect energy-efficient historical buildings from getting demolished and replaced with new modern buildings. A set of operational energy variables of modern office buildings and the potential historic buildings that can be reused as office spaces was established. During the early 1990s, old Dutch-era buildings in the country were mainly used as government office buildings. Three Dutch-era buildings in Galle Fort and three modern buildings in Colombo City have been selected as the case studies. Design-Builder (DB) software was used to comprehensively analyze sets of operational energy consumption variables. Selected historic buildings in Galle consumed 143.74 kWh/m², 156.34 kWh/m², and 209.39 kWh/m² while modern buildings consumed 337.29 kWh/m², 210.99 kWh/m², and 382.57 kWh/m² as operational energy, respectively. According to the analysis, the operational energy requirement of ARHB is comparatively lesser than that of modern buildings. This study, therefore, mainly concludes that the historical buildings saved more operational energy than the modern building envelopes while considerably reducing environmental impacts and saving the building energy cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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24 pages, 26135 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Systematic Literature Review of Applied Methods for Assessing the Effects of Public Open Spaces on Immigrants’ Place Attachment

by Marzieh Ghasemieshkaftaki, Karine Dupre and Ruwan Fernando

Architecture 2023, 3(2), 270-293; https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture3020016 - 30 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1725

Abstract

Moving to a new country is often combined with issues such as stress and a sense of loss that affect the overall well-being of immigrants. Furthermore, immigrants have not yet developed strong attachments to the country and, more specifically, to the places in [...] Read more.

Moving to a new country is often combined with issues such as stress and a sense of loss that affect the overall well-being of immigrants. Furthermore, immigrants have not yet developed strong attachments to the country and, more specifically, to the places in which they will settle. Researchers have already discussed the role of the built environment for well-being and the sense of belonging and attachment it can provide, specifically through public open spaces, such as parks, squares, etc. These problems are worldwide, and the World Health Organization (WHO) also recommends creating public places that improve human health, well-being, and social inclusion. Moreover, at local levels, designers and urbanists must understand how to evaluate the relationship between immigrants’ place attachment and public places in order to improve the design of these places. Consequently, this study reviewed methods used to understand the effects of public open spaces on immigrants’ attachment. A systematic quantitative literature review was conducted, and a total of 26 articles were extracted relating to immigrants’ place attachment and public open spaces. Research locations, participants’ nationalities, the types of public open spaces, the methods applied, and place attachment evaluations were retrieved from the articles and analysed. The results show that evaluating immigrants’ place attachment presents many challenges, and there is no consensus on what approaches are best practices. However, qualitative methods were most applied in human–environment interactions, and immigrants’ place attachments were primarily assessed based on their social bonds in public open spaces. To conclude, a framework was designed to understand how immigrants’ place attachment was evaluated in the reviewed literature, and the dimensions of place attachment were defined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Built Environments and Human Wellbeing)

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