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Applied Sciences
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New Trends on Marine Biomaterials
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New Trends on Marine Biomaterials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2021) | Viewed by 25649

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tiago H. Silva

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Guest Editor
3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
Interests: marine biomaterials; bioinspired materials; tissue engineering; marine biotechnology; valorization of byproducts; biorefinery and circular economy; surface modification; biomedical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Eva Martins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
2. ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
Interests: marine biomaterials; tissue engineering; bone regeneration; cartilage; collagen; biopolymers; silica-based materials and 3D Bioprinting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rui L. Reis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
2. ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
Interests: tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; biomaterials; biomimetics; biodegradable materials; 3D in vitro models; cancer modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ocean and seas are precious ecosystems, endowed by an amazing number of species, many of which are still to be discovered. The marine organisms already known have shown us impressive morphological features, such as nacre inside bivalve shells, hierarchical structures on glass sponges and corals, as well as unique phenomena, such as the dynamic mechanical behavior of sea cucumbers or the regenerative capability of starfish and many other invertebrates. Moreover, marine species are an inestimable source of a wide range of biomolecules, including biopolymers as adhesive proteins and sulfated polysaccharides and secondary metabolites with potent biological activities, in many cases characterized by chemical features only found in the marine environment. These remarkable characters have been a source of inspiration for the development of a wide range of biomaterials, such as tissue engineering scaffolds, hydrogels, membranes, encapsulation materials, drug delivery systems, and nanoparticles. These panoplies of materials can combine very attractive marine origin compounds that are not completely explored with promising characteristics for several applications for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and biomedical fields.

As Guest Editors of this Special Issue of Applied Sciences on Marine Biomaterials, we would like to invite you to submit manuscripts that explore recent aspects of this research field, including extraction of compounds from marine organisms (biopolymers, inorganic materials or bioactive molecules), and/or the use of the organisms’ architectures for the development of templates for cell culture and drug encapsulation, the development on new bioadhesives, the proposal and assessment of innovative drug delivery devices, among others, having as a common feature the connection between the marine environment and biomedical applications.

Dr. Tiago H. Silva
Dr. Eva Martins
Prof. Rui L. Reis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine biomaterials
  • biopolymers
  • marine bioceramics
  • hydrogels
  • drug delivery systems
  • scaffolds
  • bioadhesives
  • regeneration

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2335 KiB  
Article
Skin Byproducts of Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Greenland Halibut) as Ecosustainable Source of Marine Collagen
by Eva Martins, Rita Fernandes, Ana L. Alves, Rita O. Sousa, Rui L. Reis and Tiago H. Silva
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11282; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111282 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Collagen is a ubiquitous protein present in the extracellular matrix of all major metazoan animals, with approximately 28 different human collagen types described in the literature, each with unique physicochemical properties. Collagens found broad application in the cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields and [...] Read more.
Collagen is a ubiquitous protein present in the extracellular matrix of all major metazoan animals, with approximately 28 different human collagen types described in the literature, each with unique physicochemical properties. Collagens found broad application in the cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields and can be isolated from environmentally sustainable sources such as marine byproducts, which are abundant in the fish processing industry and are highly appealing low-cost sources. In this study, marine collagen was isolated from the skins of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), an unexplored byproduct from fish processing plants, using three different collagen extraction methods, due to the use of distinct salting-out methods using a solution of 2.6 M NaCl + 0.05 M Tris-HCl pH = 7.5, (method I); a combination of 0.7 M NaCl followed by a solution of 2.3 M NaCl + 0.05 M Tris-HCl pH = 7.5 (method II); and one method using only 0.9 M NaCl (method III), yielding COLRp_I, COLRp_II, and COLRp_III collagens. These extracted type I collagens were produced with a yield of around 2 and 4% and characterized regarding the physicochemical properties, considering possible biotechnological applications. This work evidenced that the typical triple helix structure conformation was preserved in all extraction methods, but influenced the thermal behavior, intrinsic morphology, and moisture capacity of the collagens, with interest for biotechnological application, as the incorporation as an ingredient in cosmetic formulation. Furthermore, the use of collagen isolated from skin byproducts represents a high economic value with decreasing collagen cost for industrial purposes and is also an environmentally sustainable source for industrial uses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends on Marine Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 3341 KiB  
Article
Biogenic Calcium Phosphate from Fish Discards and By-Products
by Mónica Fernández-Arias, Iago Álvarez-Olcina, Pablo Malvido-Fresnillo, José Antonio Vázquez, Mohamed Boutinguiza, Rafael Comesaña and Juan Pou
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3387; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083387 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Every year, millions of tons of fish waste are generated from fishing activities, and a similar amount is discarded and returned to the sea as unwanted catches. This material can be used as a biological source for many potential new added-value products, such [...] Read more.
Every year, millions of tons of fish waste are generated from fishing activities, and a similar amount is discarded and returned to the sea as unwanted catches. This material can be used as a biological source for many potential new added-value products, such asobtaining hyaluronic acid from fish eyeballs or extracting collagen from fish skin, but there are not many utilities for fish bones yet. This work tackles the transformation of fish discards into calcium phosphates. Discards from scorpionfish (Scorpaena scrofa) and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), as well as by-products generated from aquaculture activities (heads and trimmings frames) of salmon (Salmon salar), were used to obtain calcium phosphate. Biphasic carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) /beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) material was obtained. The biphasic HA-TCP material has a promising range of applications in the biomedical field based on its similarity to calcium phosphates found in human bones in terms of crystallite size and carbonate content. The presence of Na, Mg, Sr, and K ions in the HA-TCP material is very beneficial, since they contribute to bone metabolism and cell adhesion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends on Marine Biomaterials)
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19 pages, 3681 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of α-Chitosan from Crab Shell and β-Chitosan from Squid Gladius Based on Biochemistry Performance
by Bailei Li, Xue Wu, Bin Bao, Ruihua Guo and Wenhui Wu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3183; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073183 - 02 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4551
Abstract
The objective of this study is to innovatively evaluate the biochemistry performance of α-chitosan from Portunus trituberculatus shell and β-chitosan from Illex argentinus squid gladius by using the weighted composite index method, and provide a theoretical basis for better development and utilization of [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to innovatively evaluate the biochemistry performance of α-chitosan from Portunus trituberculatus shell and β-chitosan from Illex argentinus squid gladius by using the weighted composite index method, and provide a theoretical basis for better development and utilization of chitosan biomedical materials. To build a composite evaluation system, seven key indicators, including molecular weight (Mw), deacetylation degree (DD), water binding capacity (WBC), fat binding capacity (FBC), thermal stability (TS), primary structure and secondary structure, which significantly affect chitosan biochemical characteristics, were determined and analyzed. The viscosity average Mw of chitosan was in the range of 22.5–377.1 kDa, and the DD was 83.4–97.8%. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of commercial chitosan (CS), crab chitosan (CSC) and squid chitosan (CSS) showed a downward trend in TS, while WBC and FBC showed an obvious upward trend. FT-IR had a similar profile in peak shape, but the peak position slightly shifted. CD indicated that chitosan maintained the double helix structure and multiple secondary structural elements. The composite weighted index values of CS, CSC and CSS were 0.85, 0.94 and 1.31 respectively, which indicated that the CSS biochemistry performance was significantly better than CSC, and β-chitosan has great potential in biomedical materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends on Marine Biomaterials)
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15 pages, 2725 KiB  
Article
Preclinical Evaluation of an Innovative Bone Graft of Marine Origin for the Treatment of Critical-Sized Bone Defects in an Animal Model
by Rafael Otero-Pérez, María Permuy, Estefanía López-Senra, Miriam López-Álvarez, Mónica López-Peña, Julia Serra, Antonio González-Cantalapiedra, Fernando M. Muñoz and Pío González
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2116; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052116 - 27 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1936
Abstract
Autogenous cancellous bone graft is the current gold standard of treatment for the management of bone defects since it possesses the properties of osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteogenesis. Xenografts and synthetic grafts have been widely reported as available and low-cost alternatives, which retain good [...] Read more.
Autogenous cancellous bone graft is the current gold standard of treatment for the management of bone defects since it possesses the properties of osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteogenesis. Xenografts and synthetic grafts have been widely reported as available and low-cost alternatives, which retain good osteoconductive and mechanical properties. Given the rich biodiversity of ocean organisms, marine sources are of particular interest in the search for alternative bone grafts with enhanced functionalities. The purpose of this paper is to assess the biocompatibility of a marine-derived bone graft obtained from shark tooth, which is an environmentally sustainable and abundant raw material from fishing. This research presents the findings of a preclinical trial—following UNE-EN ISO 10993—that induced a critical-sized bone defect in a rabbit model and compared the results with a commercial bovine-derived bone graft. Evaluation by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis 12 weeks after implantation revealed good osseointegration, with no signs of inflammatory foreign body reactions, fibrosis, or necrosis in any of the cases. The shark tooth-derived bone graft yielded significantly higher new bone mineral density values (54 ± 6%) than the control (27 ± 8%). Moreover, the percentage of intersection values were much higher (86 ± 8%) than the bovine-derived bone graft (30 ± 1%) used as control. The area of occupancy by bone tissue in the test material (38 ± 5%) also gave higher values than the control (30 ± 6%). The role of physicochemical properties, biphasic structure, and composition on the stimulation of bone regeneration is also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends on Marine Biomaterials)
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Review

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21 pages, 1175 KiB  
Review
Ulvan, a Polysaccharide from Macroalga Ulva sp.: A Review of Chemistry, Biological Activities and Potential for Food and Biomedical Applications
by Faradila Ratu Cindana Mo’o, Gofarana Wilar, Hari Prasad Devkota and Nasrul Wathoni
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5488; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165488 - 07 Aug 2020
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 13388
Abstract
The species of green macroalga belonging to the genus Ulva (family: Ulvaceae) are utilized in various fields, from food supplements to biomedical applications. Ulvan, a polysaccharide obtained from various Ulva species, has shown various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral [...] Read more.
The species of green macroalga belonging to the genus Ulva (family: Ulvaceae) are utilized in various fields, from food supplements to biomedical applications. Ulvan, a polysaccharide obtained from various Ulva species, has shown various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. To obtain the polysaccharide ulvan that can be utilized in various fields, it is necessary to understand the critical points that affect its physicochemical nature, the extraction procedures, and the mechanism of action for biological activities. This article discusses the physicochemical properties, extraction, isolation and characterization procedures and benefits in food and biomedical applications of ulvan. In conclusion, ulvan from Ulva sp. has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent and also as an additional ingredient in the development of tissue engineering procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends on Marine Biomaterials)
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