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Applied Sciences
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Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications
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Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 12100

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Honghui He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518057, China
Interests: biomedical optics; biophotonics; polarimetry and scattering techniques and their biomedical applications; which include diagnosis and pathological staging of cancers
Dr. Chao He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Science, Junior Research Fellow in Engineering at St. John’s College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
Interests: adaptive optics; microscopy; polarisation sensing; structured light; biophotonics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of photonics technologies is an emerging research field that has progressed significantly in recent years within the biomedical field. This Special Issue will highlight recent work and developments in the field of novel biophotonics technologies and applications. The topics include some cutting-edge biophotonic research and innovative new tools and techniques, but are not limited to: diffuse and fluorescence tomography, microscopy, photoacoustic imaging, multimodal imaging and nanoparticles, optical coherence tomography, polarization and orbital angular momentum imaging, terahertz spectroscopy and imaging, tissue optics and spectroscopy, optical diagnostics, optical therapies, clinical and translational biophotonics, image processing, machine learning and deep learning of biophotonics technologies.

Prof. Dr. Honghui He
Dr. Chao He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biophotonics
  • biomedical optics
  • clinical and translational biophotonics
  • microscopy
  • imaging and detection

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3261 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Tissue Mechanical Properties Using Quantitative Mueller Matrix Polarimetry and Neural Network
by Changjiang Mi, Conghui Shao, Honghui He, Chao He and Hui Ma
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9774; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199774 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1300
Abstract
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of biological tissues has always been an important issue in the field of biomedicine. The traditional method for mechanical properties measurement is to perform in vitro tissue deformation experiments. With the fast development of optical and image processing [...] Read more.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of biological tissues has always been an important issue in the field of biomedicine. The traditional method for mechanical properties measurement is to perform in vitro tissue deformation experiments. With the fast development of optical and image processing techniques, more and more non-invasive and non-contact optical methods have been applied to the analysis of tissue mechanical features. In this study, we use Mueller matrix polarimetry to quantitatively obtain the mechanical properties of bovine tendon tissues. Firstly, to study the structural information and the changes in the optical characteristics of the tendon tissue under different stretching states, 3 × 3 Mueller matrix images of bovine tendon tissue samples are acquired by backscattering measurement setups based on a polarized camera. Then, we extract the frequency distribution histograms (FDHs) of the Mueller matrix elements to reveal the structural changes of the tendon tissue more clearly during the stretching process. Last, we calculate the Mueller matrix transformation (MMT) parameters, the total anisotropy t1 and the anisotropy direction α1 of the tendon tissue samples under different stretching processes to quantitatively characterize their structural changes under different mechanical states. The central moments of the MMT parameters can be used to distinguish the different stretching states of the tendon tissue. For better discrimination based on the MMT parameters, we design a multilayer neural network that takes the first-order moments of the MMT parameters as the input features. After training, a high-precision classification model of the stretching states of tendon tissue samples is finally obtained, and the total classification accuracy achieves 98%. The experimental results show that the Mueller matrix polarimetry can be a potential non-contact tool for tissue mechanical properties evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications)
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18 pages, 4000 KiB  
Article
Optimal Configurations of Mueller Polarimeter for Gaussian–Poisson Mixed Noise
by Zheng Hu, Qianhao Zhao and Hui Ma
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6521; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136521 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
The accuracy of the Mueller polarimeter is usually affected by Gaussian–Poisson mixed noise, and by optimizing the instrument matrices of polarization state generator and polarization state analyzer in the measurement system, the estimation variance caused by Gaussian noise can be suppressed, and the [...] Read more.
The accuracy of the Mueller polarimeter is usually affected by Gaussian–Poisson mixed noise, and by optimizing the instrument matrices of polarization state generator and polarization state analyzer in the measurement system, the estimation variance caused by Gaussian noise can be suppressed, and the estimation variance caused by Poisson noise can be made independent of the sample. However, the optimization procedure usually targets only the numerical value of the instrument matrix without considering how to configure the measurement system to achieve the optimal instrument matrix. In this paper, we investigate how to make the measurement system optimal for different measurement systems by combining geometric optimization on the Poincaré sphere and finally propose a series of measurement configurations for different applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications)
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11 pages, 1097 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning Powered Microalgae Classification by Use of Polarized Light Scattering Data
by Zepeng Zhuo, Hongjian Wang, Ran Liao and Hui Ma
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3422; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073422 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
Microalgae are widely distributed in the ocean, which greatly affects the ocean environment. In this work, a dataset is presented, including the polarized light scattering data of 35 categories of marine microalgae. To analyze the dataset, several machine learning algorithms are applied and [...] Read more.
Microalgae are widely distributed in the ocean, which greatly affects the ocean environment. In this work, a dataset is presented, including the polarized light scattering data of 35 categories of marine microalgae. To analyze the dataset, several machine learning algorithms are applied and compared, such as linear discrimination analysis (LDA) and two types of support vector machine (SVM). Results show that non-linear SVM performs the best among these algorithms. Then, two data preparation approaches for non-linear SVM are compared. Subsequently, more than 10 categories of microalgae out of the dataset can be identified with an accuracy greater than 0.80. The basis of the dataset is shown by finding the categories independent to each other. The discussions about the performance of different incident polarization of light gives some clues to design the optimal incident polarization of light for future instrumentation. With this proposed technique and the dataset, these microalgae can be well differentiated by polarized light scattering data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications)
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9 pages, 2892 KiB  
Article
Line Scan Spatial Speckle Contrast Imaging and Its Application in Blood Flow Imaging
by E Du, Shuhao Shen, Anqi Qiu and Nanguang Chen
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10969; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210969 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1972
Abstract
Laser speckle imaging has been an indispensable tool for visualizing blood flow in biomedical applications. We proposed a novel design of the laser speckle imaging system, which combines confocal illumination and detection with various speckle analysis methods. The system can be operated by [...] Read more.
Laser speckle imaging has been an indispensable tool for visualizing blood flow in biomedical applications. We proposed a novel design of the laser speckle imaging system, which combines confocal illumination and detection with various speckle analysis methods. The system can be operated by three imaging modes. One is surface illumination laser speckle contrast imaging (SI-LSCI) and the other two are line scan temporal speckle contrast imaging (LS-TSCI) and line scan spatial speckle contrast imaging (LS-SSCI). The experimental results of flow phantoms have validated the mixture model, which combines the Lorentzian and Gaussian models to describe the simultaneous existence of both Brownian motions and ordered flow. Our experimental results of in vivo chick embryos demonstrate that LS-SSCI maintains high temporal resolution and is less affected by motion artifacts. LS-SSCI can provide better image quality for in vivo imaging blood chick embryos than LS-TSCI. Furthermore, the experiential results present that LS-SSCI can detect and quantify the blood flow change during vascular clipping, and shows great potential in diagnosing vascular diseases, such as angiosclerosis, angiostenosis, or angiemphraxis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications)
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20 pages, 4519 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Modified Mueller Matrix Transformation and Polar Decomposition Parameters for Transmission and Backscattering Tissue Polarimetries
by Binguo Chen, Yuxiang Lan, Haoyu Zhai, Liangyu Deng, Honghui He, Hua Mao and Hui Ma
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10416; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110416 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1592
Abstract
Mueller matrix polarimetry is widely used in biomedical studies and applications, for it can provide abundant microstructural information about tissues. Recently, several methods have been proposed to decompose the Mueller matrix into groups of parameters related to specific optical properties which can be [...] Read more.
Mueller matrix polarimetry is widely used in biomedical studies and applications, for it can provide abundant microstructural information about tissues. Recently, several methods have been proposed to decompose the Mueller matrix into groups of parameters related to specific optical properties which can be used to reveal the microstructural information of tissue samples more clearly and quantitatively. In this study, we thoroughly compare the differences among the parameters derived from the Mueller matrix polar decomposition (MMPD) and Mueller matrix transformation (MMT), which are two popular methods in tissue polarimetry studies and applications, while applying them on different tissue samples for both backscattering and transmission imaging. Based on the Mueller matrix data obtained using the setups, we carry out a comparative analysis of the parameters derived from both methods representing the same polarization properties, namely depolarization, linear retardance, fast axis orientation and diattenuation. IN particular, we propose several modified MMT parameters, whose abilities are also analyzed for revealing the information about the specific type of tissue samples. The results presented in this study evaluate the applicability of the original and modified MMT parameters, then give the suggestions for appropriate parameter selection in tissue polarimetry, which can be helpful for future biomedical and clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications)
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Review

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13 pages, 3732 KiB  
Review
Principle and Implementation of Stokes Vector Polarization Imaging Technology
by Yong Wang, Yuqing Su, Xiangyu Sun, Xiaorui Hao, Yanping Liu, Xiaolong Zhao, Hongsheng Li, Xiushuo Zhang, Jing Xu, Jingjing Tian, Xiaofei Kong, Zhiwei Wang and Jie Yang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6613; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136613 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
Compared with traditional imaging methods, polarization imaging has its unique advantages in many directions and has great development prospects. It is one of the hot spots of research and development at home and abroad. Based on the polarization imaging principle of Stokes vector, [...] Read more.
Compared with traditional imaging methods, polarization imaging has its unique advantages in many directions and has great development prospects. It is one of the hot spots of research and development at home and abroad. Based on the polarization imaging principle of Stokes vector, the realization methods of non-simultaneous polarization imaging and simultaneous polarization imaging are introduced, respectively according to the different polarization modulation methods of Stokes vector acquisition. Non-simultaneous polarization imaging is mainly introduced in two ways: rotary polarization imaging, electrically controlled polarization imaging, and the simultaneous polarization imaging is mainly introduced in three ways: divided amplitude polarization imaging, divided aperture polarization imaging, and divided focal plane polarization imaging. In this paper, the principle and realization of polarization imaging based on Stokes vector are introduced to boost the application of polarization imaging and promote the research and development of polarization imaging technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biophotonics Technologies and Applications)
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