Special Issue "Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis"

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2023 | Viewed by 4990

Special Issue Editors

Alliance Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, AVENUES, 60203 Compiègne, France
Interests: energy management; microgrid; photovoltaic; electric vehicle charging station
Department of Urban Engineering, Laboratory AVENUES, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), AVENUES, 60203 Compiègne, France
Interests: power system; microgrid; renewable energy; energy storage; demand response

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) energy is a key element of the energy transition. Especially, the increasing share of PV production in the energy mix allows us to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Recent PV developments, new technologies, and the increased efficiency of PV modules have led to a significant reduction in production costs. However, several challenges remain to be challenged in order to improve the reliability of power systems. Importantly, the grid integration of intermittent PV production must be addressed. This can be conducted by analyzing its various impacts, adding storage, providing a more accurate forecast of PV production, and/or considering uncertainties. Additionally, the assessment of economic and environmental impacts on the system lifecycle can ease PV development. Optimal sizing design, under optimal management and with optimal carbon impact, can improve PV system performances and lead to new architectures, implementing and/or controling the techniques. In addition, the experimental validation of these control techniques improves the reliability of the results and their integration into PV power systems.

In light of these growing trends, this Special Issue focuses on PV system modeling and performance analysis. The goal is to address current PV deployment challenges and to bring new ideas, advances, and insights regarding PV power systems. Authors are invited to submit original contributions for review and possible publication. This Special Issue includes, but is not limited, the following topics:

  • emerging PV technologies and state-of-the-art reviews on PV technologies (topologies, architectures, etc.);
  • MPPT methods (in particular for curved PV panels);
  • forecasting of PV power (in particular for 3D solar irradiation models);
  • PV power system modeling including uncertainties mitigation;
  • applications of PV systems (in particular, vehicle-integrated PV, PV-powered charging station, agri-PV, floating PV, PV energy communities, etc.):
    • performance analysis of PV systems (energy efficiency, lifecycle economic and environmental impacts, etc.);
    • control techniques, including cost and sizing optimization, as well as energy and real-time power management;
    • grid integration of PV systems and ancillary services;
    • case studies (real PV systems involving real measurements and/or experimental control technics methods validation);
  • energy transition and reduced greenhouse gas emissions by increasing PV implementation (PV role in energy mix, PV infrastructures design, PV social impact, social acceptability and acceptance of PV infrastructures, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Manuela Sechilariu
Dr. Saleh Cheikh-Mohamad
Dr. Berk Celik
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2300 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photovoltaic systems
  • MPPT energy efficiency
  • power electronic converters
  • environmental impact
  • power management
  • experimental testing
  • energy transition

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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Article
A Statistical Analysis of Long-Term Grid-Connected PV System Operation in Niš (Serbia) under Temperate Continental Climatic Conditions
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6229; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106229 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 346
Abstract
This study analyzes the grid-connected PV system performances over a 10-year period under temperate continental conditions in Niš. Based on the experimental results, we found the following: the 10-year yearly average values of PV system efficiency, Yf, CF, and PR are 10.49%, 1178.51 [...] Read more.
This study analyzes the grid-connected PV system performances over a 10-year period under temperate continental conditions in Niš. Based on the experimental results, we found the following: the 10-year yearly average values of PV system efficiency, Yf, CF, and PR are 10.49%, 1178.51 kWh/kWp, 13.45%, and 0.87, respectively. The yearly average value of PV performances for a 10-year measurement indicates that the behavior of the given PV system over 10 years does not change significantly. Besides, a mathematical prediction model was obtained through regression analysis, and ANOVA was applied for testing the model’s validity. It is shown that the obtained model is statistically significant and enables prediction better than a simple average, the mean values of PV electricity are not changed statistically significantly over the 10 observed years, and there is a statistically significant difference in POA mean radiation during the months over 10 years. Based on the obtained model and POA radiation values, a prediction of the PV system output can be made for similar PV installations. The analysis presented in this study significantly impacts energy prediction, PV energy modeling, and the economics and profitability of the grid-connected PV system utilization, as well as the PV systems’ operation planning and maintenance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis)
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Article
PV-Powered Charging Station with Energy Cost Optimization via V2G Services
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5627; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095627 - 03 May 2023
Viewed by 651
Abstract
Satisfying the increased power demand of electric vehicles (EVs) charged by clean energy sources will become an important aspect that impacts the sustainability and the carbon emissions of the smart grid. A photovoltaic (PV)-powered charging station (PVCS) formed by PV modules and a [...] Read more.
Satisfying the increased power demand of electric vehicles (EVs) charged by clean energy sources will become an important aspect that impacts the sustainability and the carbon emissions of the smart grid. A photovoltaic (PV)-powered charging station (PVCS) formed by PV modules and a stationary storage system with a public grid connection can provide cost-efficient and reliable charging strategies for EV batteries. Moreover, the utilization of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service is a promising solution, as EVs spend most of their time idle in charging stations. As a result, V2G services have the potential to provide advantages to both public grid operators and EV users. In this paper, an energy management algorithm of a PVCS formulated with mixed-integer linear programming is presented to minimize the total energy cost of the participation of EV users in V2G service. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed optimization method satisfies EV user demands while providing V2G service and highlights the benefits of the V2G service where the determined costs of the proposed algorithm perform significantly better compared to the baseline scenario (simulation without optimization). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis)
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Article
Modelling of Electric Bus Operation and Charging Process: Potential Contribution of Local Photovoltaic Production
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4372; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074372 - 29 Mar 2023
Viewed by 825
Abstract
The transition from diesel to electric buses allows the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impacts of charging strategies on the quality of bus services and the utility grid must be assessed to ensure the feasibility of the energy transition in the [...] Read more.
The transition from diesel to electric buses allows the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impacts of charging strategies on the quality of bus services and the utility grid must be assessed to ensure the feasibility of the energy transition in the public transportation sector. This study investigates the performances of different locations and sizes of charging infrastructures by presenting the comprehensive modelling of a bus network. It also estimates the potential benefits of a local photovoltaic (PV) production to reduce negative impacts on the utility grid. The presented approach is used for modelling one urban bus line in Compiègne, France, and simulations are performed for various case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed method allows analysing the impact of the charging process on the quality of bus services by determining the delays of arrivals. The simulations also show the impacts of charger placement on bus on-board battery capacity, total peak power demand of battery charging, and PV self-consumption ratio. The amount of PV energy used directly to charge buses remains low, although it varies between scenarios. PV energy during winter is not sufficient to fully charge buses; however, it can be enough with additional stationary storage in the summer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis)
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Article
Selection of a Photovoltaic Panel Cooling Technique Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1949; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031949 - 02 Feb 2023
Viewed by 773
Abstract
Photovoltaic panel performance in terms of its efficiency and durability is severely affected by operating temperature when the temperature is much higher than the nominal operating cell temperature in hot climates. Different cooling methods have been reported over several decades, but photovoltaic panel [...] Read more.
Photovoltaic panel performance in terms of its efficiency and durability is severely affected by operating temperature when the temperature is much higher than the nominal operating cell temperature in hot climates. Different cooling methods have been reported over several decades, but photovoltaic panel manufacturers or users are yet to adopt a popular method of panel cooling. This is the main concern of the present work. Potential cooling solutions differ in terms of their criteria for performance evaluation, which are efficiency enhancement, costs, reliability, environmental aspects and ergonomics. Hence, there is a need to identify the optimum cooling method. Eight different cooling methods were identified, and the analysis was made with the multi-criteria analysis tool on the different possible attributes. Two different climate zones with different weight schemes are considered for the evaluation process, and the best to the worst cooling solutions have been identified. Five different scenarios depending on the importance given to each evaluation criterion are analyzed. The best cooling method to the worst cooling method has been arranged under each scenario. When the efficiency of operation was given maximum weight, aluminum fin cooling proved to be the best panel cooling method. When the emission reduction criterion was given maximum weight, thermosiphon cooling was the best cooling option. A comparison of the results indicates that thermosiphon works out to be the best option. The second-best method was found to be forced convection cooling when equal weights were applied and thermosiphon cooling when a 40% weight on efficiency enhancement criteria was applied, which is a more practical weight distribution. Phase change cooling and forced convection cooling had the poorest performance among the different cooling methods for all the weighing scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis)
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Article
A Holistic Approach for Design and Assessment of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics Systems
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020746 - 05 Jan 2023
Viewed by 597
Abstract
This article addresses the application of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems through the analysis of a case study with different operating conditions and geospatial locations. The research is carried out with customer-made photovoltaic modules supported by computational aids. The results obtained from real-life BIPV [...] Read more.
This article addresses the application of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems through the analysis of a case study with different operating conditions and geospatial locations. The research is carried out with customer-made photovoltaic modules supported by computational aids. The results obtained from real-life BIPV installation are contrasted, simulated, and improved through different scenarios where aspects such as software deviation, shadowing influence, installed capacity, and project profitability are analyzed to establish viability pathways for BIPV projects. As a result, the most relevant factors to improve the technical and economic conditions of the BIPV system are the total capacity installed, the use of the available area, and the strategic location of the modules to avoid shading surfaces. In this way, this work addresses the analysis of BIPV systems through the assessment of a case study implemented in a real residential structure in Colombia. The proposed methodology includes simulations to evaluate the solar energy potential considering the elements in the neighborhood of the BIPV system and technical aspects, such as the wiring and power interface, an economical study to find the feasibility of the project, and an analysis of different operating scenarios. As a result, the most important factors that affect the operation of BIPV systems under Colombian weather conditions were identified: total installed capacity, use of the available area, and strategic location of the modules to avoid shading surfaces. Such factors can then be considered in the early stage of designing for future BIPV applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis)
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Review

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Review
Review on Optimization Techniques of PV/Inverter Ratio for Grid-Tie PV Systems
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3155; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053155 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1204
Abstract
In the literature, there are many different photovoltaic (PV) component sizing methodologies, including the PV/inverter power sizing ratio, recommendations, and third-party field tests. This study presents the state-of-the-art for gathering pertinent global data on the size ratio and provides a novel inverter sizing [...] Read more.
In the literature, there are many different photovoltaic (PV) component sizing methodologies, including the PV/inverter power sizing ratio, recommendations, and third-party field tests. This study presents the state-of-the-art for gathering pertinent global data on the size ratio and provides a novel inverter sizing method. The size ratio has been noted in the literature as playing a significant role in both reducing power clipping and achieving system optimization. The majority of researchers observed that due to varying irradiance distributions and operating temperatures at particular sites, the sizing ratios were dependent on geographic latitude. This study will identify the issue that makes it challenging to acquire dependable and optimum performance for the use of grid-connected PV systems by summarizing the power sizing ratio, related derating factor, and sizing formulae approach. The present study recommends a Deep Learning technique that might, due to the dynamic behavior of the PV technologies, provide fully automatic computation for the DC/AC sizing ratio, and effectively lower the whole return on investment (ROI) over a variety of circumstances and climatic changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling and Performance Analysis)
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