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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Fate, Treatment and Impact of Natural and Synthetic Compounds
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Fate, Treatment and Impact of Natural and Synthetic Compounds

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 9958

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Caterina Faggio

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: cytotoxicity; oxidative stress markers; health status in shellfish and fish; ecophysiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Valbona Aliko

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University, 1001 Tirana, Albania
Interests: physiology; mechanisms of adaptive physiological response of animals to environmental stress, with special attention to the creation of a battery of biochemical, physiological and cytological biomarkers for the assessment of freshwater and marine biota health
Dr. Marko Prokic

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Guest Editor
Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: antioxidant system; amphibians; carry-over effects; ecotoxicology; ectotherms; global climate change; hormesis; hybridization; oxidative damage; oxidative status; stress response
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid urbanization and the frequent disposal of wastewater to surface water both cause the widespread contamination of water supplies with emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, surfactants, heavy metals, rare earth elements and endocrine disruptors, including hormones.

Although these compounds may be present at trace levels, their adverse effects on aquatic life, animals and even humans are a growing concern. Therefore, the interest of this Special Issue would be in gathering the knowledge about those components, their fate and possible treatment, mechanisms and biomarkers related to an animal’s capacity to cope with them, and possible strategies for the management and biomonitoring of their negative effects.

Prof. Dr. Caterina Faggio
Prof. Dr. Valbona Aliko
Dr. Marko Prokic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2095 KiB  
Article
Chronic Effects of Diazinon® Exposures Using Integrated Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Walking Catfish, Clarias batrachus
by Shubhajit Saha, Azubuike V. Chukwuka, Dip Mukherjee, Lipika Patnaik, Susri Nayak, Kishore Dhara, Nimai Chandra Saha and Caterina Faggio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10902; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210902 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 3338
Abstract
Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological [...] Read more.
Diazinon exposures have been linked to the onset of toxic pathways and adverse outcomes in aquatic species, but the ecological implications on model species are not widely emphasized. The objective of this study was to determine how the organophosphate pesticide diazinon affected hematological (hemoglobin, total red blood count, total white blood count, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), growth (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate), biochemical (total serum glucose, total serum protein), and endocrine (growth hormone, tri-iodothyronine, and thyroxine) parameters in Clarias batrachus after chronic exposure. Diazinon was administered at predefined exposure doses (0.64 and 1.28 mg/L) and monitored at 15, 30, and 45 days into the investigation. Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant inverse relationship between variables (mean corpuscular hemoglobin, condition factor, specific growth rate, tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and total serum protein) and elevated chronic diazinon exposure concentrations. The integrated indices (IBR and BRI) indexes were used to provide visual and understandable depictions of toxicity effects and emphasized the relativity of biomarkers in terms of sensitivity and magnitude or severity of responses under graded toxicant exposures. The significant damage reflected by evaluated parameters in diazinon exposure groups compared to control portends risks to the health of local fish populations, including Clarias batrachus in aquatic systems adjacent to agrarian landscapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate, Treatment and Impact of Natural and Synthetic Compounds)
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14 pages, 9008 KiB  
Article
Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Triclosan Induce Cyto-Genotoxicity and Biochemical Alterations in the Hatchlings of Labeo rohita
by Sunil Sharma, Owias Iqbal Dar, Megha Andotra, Simran Sharma, Arvinder Kaur and Caterina Faggio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10478; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110478 - 08 Nov 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3109
Abstract
Xenobiotic Triclosan (TCS) is of great concern because of its existence in a variety of personal, household and healthcare products and continuous discharge in water worldwide. Excessive use of TCS-containing sanitizers and antiseptic products during the COVID-19 pandemic further increased its content in [...] Read more.
Xenobiotic Triclosan (TCS) is of great concern because of its existence in a variety of personal, household and healthcare products and continuous discharge in water worldwide. Excessive use of TCS-containing sanitizers and antiseptic products during the COVID-19 pandemic further increased its content in aquatic ecosystems. The present study deals with the cyto-genotoxic effects and biochemical alterations in the hatchlings of Labeo rohita on exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS. Three-days-old hatchlings were exposed to tap water, acetone (solvent control) and 4 environmentally relevant concentrations (6.3, 12.6, 25.2 and 60 µg/L) of TCS for 14 days and kept for a recovery period of 10 days. The significant concentration-dependent decline in cell viability but increase in micronucleated cells, nucleo-cellular abnormalities (NCAs) and DNA damage parameters like tail length, tail moment, olive tail moment and percent of tail DNA after exposure persisted till the end of recovery period. Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, uric acid and urea (except for an increase at 60 µg/L) showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease after 14 days of exposure. The same trend (except for triglycerides, albumin and total bilirubin) continued till 10 days post exposure. In comparison to control, transaminases (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases) increased (p ≤ 0.05) after exposure as well as the recovery period, while a decline in alkaline phosphatase after exposure was followed by a significant increase during the recovery period. The results show that the environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS cause deleterious effects on the hatchlings of L. rohita. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate, Treatment and Impact of Natural and Synthetic Compounds)
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18 pages, 1210 KiB  
Article
Embryotoxicity of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors—Comparative Sensitivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) Embryos
by Jana Blahova, Veronika Doubkova, Lucie Plhalova, Pavla Lakdawala, Denisa Medkova, Vladimir Vecerek, Zdenka Svobodova and Caterina Faggio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10015; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110015 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, the prescription of antidepressant drugs has increased all over the world. After their application, antidepressants, like other pharmaceuticals, are excreted and enter the aquatic environment. They are dispersed among surface waters mainly through waste water sources, typically at [...] Read more.
Over the past twenty years, the prescription of antidepressant drugs has increased all over the world. After their application, antidepressants, like other pharmaceuticals, are excreted and enter the aquatic environment. They are dispersed among surface waters mainly through waste water sources, typically at very low concentrations— from a tenth up to hundreds of ng/L. Frequently detected antidepressants include fluoxetine and citalopram—both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The aim of our study was to assess the embryotoxicity of fluoxetine hydrochloride and citalopram hydrochloride on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The embryos were exposed to various concentrations of the individual antidepressants and of their mixtures for 96 h. The tested levels included both environmentally relevant and higher concentrations for the evaluation of dose-dependent effects. Our study demonstrated that even environmentally relevant concentrations of these psychiatric drugs influenced zebrafish embryos, which was proven by a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the embryos’ heart rates after fluoxetine hydrochloride exposure and in their hatching rate after exposure to a combination of both antidepressants, and thus revealed a potential risk to aquatic life. Despite these results, we can conclude that the African clawed frog is more sensitive, since exposure to the highest concentrations of fluoxetine hydrochloride (10,000 μg/L) and citalopram hydrochloride (100,000 μg/L) resulted in total mortality of the frog embryos. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fate, Treatment and Impact of Natural and Synthetic Compounds)
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