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Applied Sciences
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Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment
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Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 8672

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ning Li

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Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Egineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
Interests: functional material; water treatment; adsorption; advanced oxidation; membrane filtration; process design; applications; coupling systems
Prof. Dr. Xiuwen Cheng

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: AOPs; wastewater treatment; micro-pollutants; environmental decontamination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yanbiao Liu

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Guest Editor
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
Interests: environmental nanotechnology; electrochemistry; advanced oxidation technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to applications of multifunctional materials in water treatment. Environment functional material has played an important role in water treatment including organic and inorganic contaminants removal. Novel adsorbents, catalysts and membranes are welcomed for water treatment. Accordingly, the adsorption, advanced oxidation and filtration systems will be considered in this issue. The preparation methods, performance of multifunctional materials and related mechanism for wastewater remediation will be discussed. Moreover, the process design is crucial for the practical applications of multifunctional materials in water treatment. In particular, the coupling systems of any two technologies are of interest. This Special Issue will publish communications, full text papers and criticle reviews.

Dr. Ning Li
Dr. Xiuwen Cheng
Dr. Yanbiao Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2921 KiB  
Article
Different Drying Techniques Can Affect the Adsorption Properties of Agarose-Based Gels for Crystal Violet Removal
by Mariangela Guastaferro, Lucia Baldino, Stefano Cardea and Ernesto Reverchon
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010463 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1034
Abstract
Agarose-based gels were produced either by freeze-drying or by supercritical drying for crystal violet (CV) removal from aqueous solutions. The microporosity features of these structures highly affected the final adsorption properties. In particular, agarose cryogels were characterized by a macroporous and irregular morphology, [...] Read more.
Agarose-based gels were produced either by freeze-drying or by supercritical drying for crystal violet (CV) removal from aqueous solutions. The microporosity features of these structures highly affected the final adsorption properties. In particular, agarose cryogels were characterized by a macroporous and irregular morphology, with a low value of specific surface area (11 ± 6 m2/g) with respect to the nanoporous agarose aerogels (154 ± 12 m2/g). To test the efficacy of CV removal, two different types of adsorption test were performed, i.e., batch-mode and multi-step mode. Operating in the multi-step mode, the adsorption performance was larger both for cryogels and aerogels, since this adsorption method allowed a more effective contact between CV and agarose adsorbent. In particular, using 300 mg of cryogels, a removal efficiency of 74% was achieved; using the same quantity of aerogels, 96% of removal efficiency was reached after eight steps of adsorption. Desorption of CV from aerogels was realized using ascorbic acid and, after regeneration, 93% of removal efficiency was preserved, even after three cycles in multi-step filtration mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment)
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19 pages, 4719 KiB  
Article
Phosphate Adsorption onto an Al-Ti Bimetal Oxide Composite in Neutral Aqueous Solution: Performance and Thermodynamics
by Xuefeng Wei, Juan Miao, Zhen Lv, Xiaoyang Wan, Ning Zhang, Ruichang Zhang and Shuge Peng
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2309; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052309 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) pollution and phosphorus recovery are important issues in the field of environmental science. In this work, a novel Al-Ti bimetal composite sorbent was developed via a cost-effective co-precipitation approach for P removal from water. The adsorptive performance and characteristics of P [...] Read more.
Phosphorus (P) pollution and phosphorus recovery are important issues in the field of environmental science. In this work, a novel Al-Ti bimetal composite sorbent was developed via a cost-effective co-precipitation approach for P removal from water. The adsorptive performance and characteristics of P onto Al-Ti sorbent were evaluated by batch adsorption experiments. The effects of Al:Ti molar ratio, initial P concentration and reaction temperature were investigated. The microstructural characteristics of the Al-Ti sorbent were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of P on Al-Ti oxide proceeds according to pseudo-second-order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity of phosphate on the Al-Ti oxide calculated from linear Langmuir models was 68.2 mg-P/g at pH 6.8. The Al-Ti oxide composite sorbent showed good potential for P recovery, owing to its large adsorption capacity and ease of regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment)
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13 pages, 5304 KiB  
Article
Hydrochemical Indicators Analysis of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Karstic Aquifers on the Example of the Bokanjac-Poličnik Catchment Area in Zadar, Croatia
by Lucija Plantak, Ranko Biondić, Hrvoje Meaški and Denis Težak
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11681; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411681 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Monitoring and detection of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers in Croatia are one of the water management measures that attempt to notice an increase in salinity in time. Bokanjac-Poličnik is the coastal aquifer in Croatia that is at the risk of seawater intrusion. [...] Read more.
Monitoring and detection of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers in Croatia are one of the water management measures that attempt to notice an increase in salinity in time. Bokanjac-Poličnik is the coastal aquifer in Croatia that is at the risk of seawater intrusion. In that area, analysis of hydro-chemical indicators will be conducted due to the occasional seawater intrusion that occurs on wells that are included in the water supply system for the City of Zadar and surrounding villages. Due to the increased exploitation during the tourism season in summer and climate changes, salinization process is more intense. The presented results indicate that two of four wells on the case study area are under the influence of salt marine water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment)
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Review

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12 pages, 2181 KiB  
Review
Nanosponges for Water Treatment: Progress and Challenges
by Siavash Iravani and Rajender S. Varma
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4182; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094182 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3218
Abstract
Nanosponges have shown promising capabilities for efficient removal of organic/inorganic pollutants from water based on absorption/adsorption and disinfection processes. The application of nanosponges (especially cyclodextrin-based nanosponges) can be considered a cost-effective strategy with minimal energy and time requirements in comparison to other routinely [...] Read more.
Nanosponges have shown promising capabilities for efficient removal of organic/inorganic pollutants from water based on absorption/adsorption and disinfection processes. The application of nanosponges (especially cyclodextrin-based nanosponges) can be considered a cost-effective strategy with minimal energy and time requirements in comparison to other routinely deployed water treatment modalities. These polymers with unique physicochemical properties, architectures, and highly cross-linked three-dimensional networks need to be further explored for removing pollutants with simultaneous eliminations of microbial contaminants from wastewater. Additionally, the surface functionalization of these nanosponges utilizing magnetic, titanium dioxide, and silver nanomaterials can significantly improve their properties for water remediation purposes, although nanosponges altered with carbon nanotubes and metallic nanomaterials/nanocatalysts for water treatment appliances are barely explored. Notably, crucial factors such as adsorbent type/dosage, contact time, competing ions, adsorption isotherm models, kinetics, thermodynamics, and reaction/experimental conditions (e.g., molar ratios, temperature, and pH) are important aspects affecting the adsorption and removal of pollutants using nanosponges. Furthermore, the nanotoxicity and biosafety of these nanosponge-based systems utilized for water treatment should be comprehensively evaluated. Herein, recent advancements in the design and deployment of nanosponge-based systems for removing organic/inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater are deliberated with an emphasis on challenges and perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment)
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Other

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14 pages, 1883 KiB  
Brief Report
A Sustainable Electrochemical-Based Solution for Removing Acetamiprid from Water
by Alana Maria Nunes de Morais, Danyelle Medeiros Araújo, Inalmar Dantas Barbosa Segundo, Elisama Vieira dos Santos, Suely Souza Leal de Castro, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle and Janete Jane Fernandes Alves
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10963; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910963 - 04 Oct 2023
Viewed by 600
Abstract
Pesticides are used worldwide in agriculture to prevent insects and other pests that attack plants and their derivatives. Acetamiprid (ACT) is a type of insecticide belonging to the chemical group of neonicotinoids, which are widely used in agricultural planting to replace organophosphates. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Pesticides are used worldwide in agriculture to prevent insects and other pests that attack plants and their derivatives. Acetamiprid (ACT) is a type of insecticide belonging to the chemical group of neonicotinoids, which are widely used in agricultural planting to replace organophosphates. Therefore, in this work, the performance of the electrochemical oxidation (EO) process as an alternative solution to eliminate pesticides in water was evaluated. A dimensionally stable anode (DSA, TiO2-RuO2-IrO2) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) were tested as anodes for degrading ACT (30 and 300 mg L−1) by using different applied current densities (j): 30, 60, 90, and 120 mA cm−2. The degradation process was monitored by using ACT decay, spectrophotometric analysis, and chemical oxygen demand. The results clearly showed that ACT (30 mg L−1) was only eliminated from water at the DSA electrode when 90 mA cm−2 was applied, reaching higher removal efficiencies after 180 min of electrolysis. Conversely, ACT was quickly removed at all applied current densities used, at the same concentration. On the other hand, when the ACT concentration was increased (300 mg L−1), 71.4% of the COD removal was reached by applying 90 mA cm−2 using BDD, while no significant improvements were achieved at the DSA electrode when a higher concentration of ACT was electrochemically treated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Multifunctional Materials in Water Treatment)
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