Advanced Processing of Steels and Their Alloys

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2024 | Viewed by 2084

Special Issue Editors

Division of Automotive Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: heat treatment; abrasion-resistant steel
Division of Automotive Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: material durability; biomedical engineering; aircraft; land vehicles; high-strength steels

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Steels and their alloys have had a significant impact on the development of structural applications, and they have specific applications in a wide range of equipment, machinery, vehicles, and many industries. Given this fact, advanced manufacturing processes for steels and their alloys need to be continually optimised and challenged to overcome technological problems. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a forum for publishing high-quality articles related to microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and the advanced processing technologies of steels and their alloys.

We welcome submissions of original research and review articles on the latest developments and technological aspects of steels and their alloys. The main topics include but are not limited to:

  • High-performance steels;
  • Advanced processing technologies;
  • Advanced studies in properties and the mechanical performance of steels and their alloys.

Dr. Beata Białobrzeska
Dr. Robert Jasinski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8033 KiB  
Article
Influence of Demagnetization and Microstructure Non-Homogeneity on Barkhausen Noise in the High-Strength Low-Alloyed Steel 1100 MC
by Martin Pitoňák, Nikolaj Ganev, Katarína Zgútová, Jiří Čapek, Miroslav Neslušan and Karel Trojan
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041511 - 13 Feb 2024
Viewed by 369
Abstract
This study deals with two different aspects of the high-strength low-alloyed 1100 MC steel. The first is associated with the remarkable heterogeneity (linked with surface decarburization) in the surface state produced during sheet rolling with respect to the sheet width. The variable thickness [...] Read more.
This study deals with two different aspects of the high-strength low-alloyed 1100 MC steel. The first is associated with the remarkable heterogeneity (linked with surface decarburization) in the surface state produced during sheet rolling with respect to the sheet width. The variable thickness surface layer exhibits a microstructure different from that of the deeper bulk. Variation in the thickness of the thermally softened near-surface region strongly affects Barkhausen noise as well. This technique can be considered a reliable tool for monitoring the aforementioned heterogeneity. It can also be reported that the opposite sides of the sheet are different with respect to the surface state, the heterogeneity distribution, and the corresponding Barkhausen noise. These aspects indicate different conditions during hot rolling followed by rapid quenching on the upper and lower rollers. Furthermore, it was found that the degree of decarburizing and the corresponding surface heterogeneity is also a function of C content, and steels with lower C content exhibit less pronounced surface heterogeneity. The second aspect is related to the remarkable asymmetry in Barkhausen noise emission with respect to two consecutive bursts. This asymmetry is due to the presence of remnant magnetization in the sheet produced during manufacturing. The remnant magnetization is coupled to the magnetic field produced by the excitation coil of the Barkhausen noise sensor and strongly contributes to the aforementioned asymmetry. The remnant magnetization attenuates the domain wall mobility, which results in weaker Barkhausen noise. Moreover, the Barkhausen noise envelopes and the extracted features such as the position of the envelope maximum and its width are strongly affected by the remnant magnetization. Insufficient demagnetization makes the body magnetically softer and makes a wider range of magnetic fields in which Barkhausen noise emission can be detected. As soon as sufficient removal of this remnant magnetization is carried out in the vanishing magnetic field (demagnetization), the aforementioned remarkable asymmetry is fully lost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processing of Steels and Their Alloys)
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16 pages, 7608 KiB  
Article
Towards Industry 4.0 and Sustainable Manufacturing Applying Environmentally Friendly Machining of a Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel Using Hot Turning Process
by Mohammadjafar Hadad and Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12405; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212405 - 16 Nov 2023
Viewed by 627
Abstract
This study aims to address the aforementioned challenges, solutions and implementation perspectives with regard to sustainable manufacturing. In this research, the conventional and hot turning of AISI630 hardened stainless steel have been investigated using PVD-(Ti,Al)N/(Al,Cr)2O3 coated carbide cutting tools at [...] Read more.
This study aims to address the aforementioned challenges, solutions and implementation perspectives with regard to sustainable manufacturing. In this research, the conventional and hot turning of AISI630 hardened stainless steel have been investigated using PVD-(Ti,Al)N/(Al,Cr)2O3 coated carbide cutting tools at various feed rates and cutting speeds. The high hardness of AISI630, along with the low thermal conductivity, has made it one of the most difficult-to-cut materials, and consequently, its machining is associated with high tool wear and poor workpiece surface quality. AISI630 stainless steel is used in the manufacture of pressure vessels and components exposed to high-stress and corrosive environments in the oil and gas industries. In the present research work, tool flank wear and crater wear mechanisms have been studied in different cutting conditions as well as different preheating temperatures using SEM microscopy. Experimental results showed that hot turning operation at temperatures up to 300 °C reduces flank wear by 33% and improves machined surface roughness by 23%. In addition, FEM simulation has been developed to predict tool tip temperature and cutting forces during turning processes. Experimental and FEM analysis shows that cutting force reduction at a preheating temperature of 300 °C is one of the reasons that reduces tool wear compared to conventional turning. Moreover, it has been shown that by increasing preheating temperature in hot turning, the hardness of the carbides in the workpiece decreases more than the hardness of the tool substrate and reduces coating materials, consequently reducing cutting tool abrasion wear phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processing of Steels and Their Alloys)
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19 pages, 10399 KiB  
Article
An Investigation into the Friction of Cold-Rolled Low-Carbon DC06 Steel Sheets in Sheet Metal Forming Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks
by Tomasz Trzepieciński, Krzysztof Szwajka and Marek Szewczyk
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9572; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179572 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 735
Abstract
This article presents the friction test results for cold-rolled low-carbon DC06 steel sheets, which are commonly processed into finished products using sheet metal forming methods. A strip drawing test with flat dies was used in the experimental tests. The strip-drawing test is used [...] Read more.
This article presents the friction test results for cold-rolled low-carbon DC06 steel sheets, which are commonly processed into finished products using sheet metal forming methods. A strip drawing test with flat dies was used in the experimental tests. The strip-drawing test is used to model the friction phenomena in the flange area of the drawpiece. The tests were carried out using a tester that enabled lubrication with a pressurised lubricant. The friction tests were carried out at different nominal pressures, oil pressures, and friction conditions (dry friction and oil lubrication). Oils destined for deep-drawing operations were used as lubricants. Neural networks with radial base functions (RBFs) were used to explore the influence of individual friction parameters on the value of the coefficient of friction (COF). Under lubrication with both oils considered, the value of the COF increased with decreasing oil pressure. This confirms the correctness of the concept of the device for reducing friction in the flange area of the drawpiece. The developed concept of pressurised lubrication is most effective at relatively small nominal pressures of 2–4 MPa. This range of nominal pressures corresponds to the actual nip pressures when forming deep-drawing steel sheets. Under conditions of dry friction, the values obtained for the COF rise above 0.3, while under lubrication conditions, even without pressure-assisted lubrication, the COF does not exceed 0.2. As the nominal pressure increases, the effectiveness of the lubrication exponentially decreases. It was found that the Sq parameter carries the most information regarding the value of the COF. The RBF neural network with nine neurons in the hidden layer (RBF-8-9-1) and containing the Sq parameter as the input was characterised by an R2 of 0.989 and an error of 0.000292 for the testing set. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processing of Steels and Their Alloys)
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