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Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells...
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Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 20509

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dayun Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
Interests: cold atmospheric plasma; discharge; plasma medicine; biophysics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Heping Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: non-equilibrium synergistic transport mechanisms in low-temperature plasmas and their novel applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

CAP is a near-room-temperature ionized gas composed of complex ionized products including neutral particles such as uncharged atoms/molecules and charged particles such as ions, electrons, and plenty of long- and short-lived reactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). CAP is also referred to as cold plasma, physical plasma, nonthermal plasma, or gas plasma in many references. The physical nature of the non-equilibrium discharge also generates several physical factors, some of which include thermal irradiation, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and electromagnetic (EM) emission. CAP treatment exerts complex, interesting, even unique impacts on biological systems, from cells/tissues to biomaterials such as biointerface materials, which is the foundation to understand plasma medicine and other related applications.

In this Special Issue, we focus on interesting and unique biological and chemical effects of CAP treatment on diverse cells (cancer cells, bacteria, etc.), viruses, and important biomaterials. Both original articles (experimental or simulation works) and critical reviews with unique visions are highly recommended for submission.

Dr. Dayun Yan
Dr. Heping Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cold atmospheric plasma
  • plasma medicine
  • cancer therapy
  • microorganism sterilization
  • virus inactivation
  • biomaterials processing

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5630 KiB  
Article
Lack of Adverse Effects of Cold Physical Plasma-Treated Blood from Leukemia Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study
by Monireh Golpour, Mina Alimohammadi, Alireza Mohseni, Ehsan Zaboli, Farshad Sohbatzadeh, Sander Bekeschus and Alireza Rafiei
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010128 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common blood malignancy with multiple therapeutic challenges. Cold physical plasma has been considered a promising approach in cancer therapy in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cold plasma or [...] Read more.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common blood malignancy with multiple therapeutic challenges. Cold physical plasma has been considered a promising approach in cancer therapy in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cold plasma or plasma-treated solutions (PTS) on hematologic parameters in the whole blood of CLL patients. The mean red blood cell count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet and hemoglobin counts, and peripheral blood smear images did not significantly differ between treated and untreated samples in either CLL or healthy individuals. However, both direct plasma and indirect PTS treatment increased lipid peroxidation and RNS deposition in the whole blood of CLL patients and in healthy subjects. In addition, the metabolic activity of WBCs was decreased with 120 s of cold plasma or PTS treatment after 24 h and 48 h. However, cold plasma and PTS treatment did not affect the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, nor hemolysis in either CLL patients or in healthy individuals. The present study identifies the components of cold plasma to reach the blood without disturbing the basic parameters important in hematology, confirming the idea that the effect of cold plasma may not be limited to solid tumors and possibly extends to hematological disorders. Further cellular and molecular studies are needed to determine which cells in CLL patients are targeted by cold plasma or PTS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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17 pages, 2251 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Fast-Rise-Time Electromagnetic Field and Pressure on the Aggregation of Peroxidase upon Its Adsorption onto Mica
by Vadim S. Ziborov, Tatyana O. Pleshakova, Ivan D. Shumov, Andrey F. Kozlov, Anastasia A. Valueva, Irina A. Ivanova, Maria O. Ershova, Dmitry I. Larionov, Alexey N. Evdokimov, Vadim Yu. Tatur, Alexander I. Aleshko, Konstantin Yu. Sakharov, Alexander Yu. Dolgoborodov, Vladimir E. Fortov, Alexander I. Archakov and Yuri D. Ivanov
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11677; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411677 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
Our present study concerns the influence of the picosecond rise-time-pulsed electromagnetic field, and the impact of nanosecond pulsed pressure on the aggregation state of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model enzyme. The influence of a 640 kV/m pulsed electromagnetic field with a pulse [...] Read more.
Our present study concerns the influence of the picosecond rise-time-pulsed electromagnetic field, and the impact of nanosecond pulsed pressure on the aggregation state of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model enzyme. The influence of a 640 kV/m pulsed electromagnetic field with a pulse rise-time of ~200 ps on the activity and aggregation state of an enzyme is studied by the single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) method. The influence of such a field is shown to lead to aggregation of the protein and to a decrease in its enzymatic activity. Moreover, the effect of a shock wave with a pressure front rise-time of 80 ns on the increase in the HRP aggregation is demonstrated. The results obtained herein can be of use in modeling the impact of electromagnetic and pressure pulses on enzymes and on whole living organisms. Our results are also important for taking into account the effect of pulsed fields on the body in the development of drugs, therapeutic procedures, and novel highly sensitive medical diagnosticums. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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11 pages, 17934 KiB  
Article
A Novel Method for Estimating the Dosage of Cold Atmospheric Plasmas in Plasma Medical Applications
by Jing Li, Lu-Xiang Zhao, Tao He, Wei-Wu Dong, Yue Yuan, Xiang Zhao, Xin-Yi Chen, Na Zhang, Zhi-Fan Zou, Yu Zhang and He-Ping Li
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311135 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) used in plasma medicine have shown great potential in various aspects including wound healing, dermatology, cancer therapy, etc. It is one of the important issues to determine the plasma dosage in plasma medicine because it dominates the specific plasma [...] Read more.
Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) used in plasma medicine have shown great potential in various aspects including wound healing, dermatology, cancer therapy, etc. It is one of the important issues to determine the plasma dosage in plasma medicine because it dominates the specific plasma treatment results. However, the multi-process interactions between CAPs and biological materials make it rather challenging to give an accurate and versatile definition for plasma dosage. In this study, the ratio of the discharge energy to the number of the treated in vitro kidney cells (mJ/cell) was employed as the unit of the plasma dosage. Additionally, inspired by basic knowledge of pharmacy, the median lethal dose (LD50) was employed to help estimate the plasma dosage. The experimental results show that the value of LD50 using the newly designed CAP Bio-Med Platform for the kidney cells is 34.67 mJ/cell. This biology-based method has the advantages of easy operation, independence of specific CAP sources, and also independence of complex interactions between CAPs and the treated biological targets, and consequently, may provide a new direction to quantitatively define the plasma dosage in various plasma medical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 2211 KiB  
Article
Metabolomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Treated by Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma
by Dehui Xu, Xinying Zhang, Jin Zhang, Rui Feng, Shuai Wang and Yanjie Yang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10527; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210527 - 09 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1989
Abstract
With increasing drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a new sterilization method is needed. Plasma has been shown to be an effective method of sterilization, but no researchers have studied the effect of plasma on bacterial metabolism. In this paper, we studied the [...] Read more.
With increasing drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a new sterilization method is needed. Plasma has been shown to be an effective method of sterilization, but no researchers have studied the effect of plasma on bacterial metabolism. In this paper, we studied the emission spectrum, liquid phase active particles, and other physical and chemical properties of a portable plasma device. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were then treated with activated water generated by surface plasma discharge. Using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, we obtained the differential metabolite pathways. The results showed that, after plasma activated water treatment, the carbohydrate metabolism of the bacteria was inhibited and the metabolic processes of protein and amino acid decomposition were enhanced. Therefore, water activated by atmospheric-pressure cold plasma can significantly change bacterial metabolites, thus promoting bacterial death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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17 pages, 4569 KiB  
Article
Effects and Mechanism of Plasma-Activated Medium on Angiogenesis of Vascular Endothelial Cells
by Yue Hao, Guimin Xu, Xiangni Wang, Yixin Cui, Na Liu, Xingmin Shi and Guanjun Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9603; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209603 - 15 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1164
Abstract
After cell culture medium is treated with low temperature plasma (LTP), the liquid is rich in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and becomes plasma-activated medium (PAM). PAM, as the supplier of RONS, can affect the angiogenesis of cells. The purpose of this [...] Read more.
After cell culture medium is treated with low temperature plasma (LTP), the liquid is rich in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and becomes plasma-activated medium (PAM). PAM, as the supplier of RONS, can affect the angiogenesis of cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and related mechanism of PAM on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability and cell cycle were evaluated after HUVECs were treated with PAM for 24 h. Changes in cell angiogenesis, migration and adhesion, secretion of cytokines such as VEGF and bFGF, expression of VEGFR-2 and phosphorylation of the key proteins in the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, concentrations of H2O2 and NO2− in PAM and in cells were also investigated. The results showed that PAM obtained by LTP treatment had dual effects on the angiogenesis of HUVECs: PAM obtained by short-term LTP treatment promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs, while PAM obtained by long-term LTP treatment inhibited the angiogenesis of HUVECs. The mechanism may be that PAM treatment changes the content of RONS, affects the VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, and ultimately affects the angiogenesis of HUVECs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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Review

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32 pages, 9581 KiB  
Review
Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Packaging Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films: A Review
by Monjurul Hoque, Ciara McDonagh, Brijesh K. Tiwari, Joseph P. Kerry and Shivani Pathania
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031346 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4628
Abstract
Biopolymers, like polysaccharides and proteins, are sustainable and green materials with excellent film-forming potential. Bio-based films have gained a lot of attention and are believed to be an alternative to plastics in next-generation food packaging. Compared to conventional plastics, biopolymers inherently have certain [...] Read more.
Biopolymers, like polysaccharides and proteins, are sustainable and green materials with excellent film-forming potential. Bio-based films have gained a lot of attention and are believed to be an alternative to plastics in next-generation food packaging. Compared to conventional plastics, biopolymers inherently have certain limitations like hydrophilicity, poor thermo-mechanical, and barrier properties. Therefore, the modification of biopolymers or their films provide an opportunity to develop packaging materials with desired characteristics. Among different modification approaches, the application of cold plasma has been a very efficient technology to enhance the functionality and interfacial characteristics of biopolymers. Cold plasma is biocompatible, shows uniformity in treatment, and is suitable for heat-sensitive components. This review provides information on different plasma generating equipment used for the modification of films and critically analyses the impact of cold plasma on packaging properties of films prepared from protein, polysaccharides, and their combinations. Most studies to date have shown that plasma treatment effectively enhances surface characteristics, mechanical, and thermal properties, while its impact on the improvement of barrier properties is limited. Plasma treatment increases surface roughness that enables surface adhesion, ink printability, and reduces the contact angle. Plasma-treated films loaded with antimicrobial compounds demonstrate strong antimicrobial efficacy, mainly due to the increase in their diffusion rate and the non-thermal nature of cold plasma that protects the functionality of bioactive compounds. This review also elaborates on the existing challenges and future needs. Overall, it can be concluded that the application of cold plasma is an effective strategy to modify the inherent limitations of biopolymer-based packaging materials for food packaging applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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9 pages, 1172 KiB  
Review
Research Advances and Application Prospect of Low-Temperature Plasma in Tumor Immunotherapy
by Xiangni Wang, Xingmin Shi and Guanjun Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9618; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209618 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1090
Abstract
As an emerging technology, low-temperature plasma (LTP) is widely used in medical fields such as sterilization, wound healing, stomatology, and cancer treatment. Great achievements have been made in tumor therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that LTP has anti-tumor effects, [...] Read more.
As an emerging technology, low-temperature plasma (LTP) is widely used in medical fields such as sterilization, wound healing, stomatology, and cancer treatment. Great achievements have been made in tumor therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that LTP has anti-tumor effects, and LTP is selective to tumor cells. Studies in recent years have found that LTP can activate dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, T cells, and other immune cells to achieve anti-tumor effects. This paper reviews the current status of tumor immunotherapy, the application of LTP in antitumor therapy, the activation of antitumor immunity by LTP, the possible mechanism of LTP in antitumor immunity, and meanwhile analyses the prospect of applying LTP in tumor immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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14 pages, 3059 KiB  
Review
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Cancer Treatment, a Critical Review
by Dayun Yan, Alisa Malyavko, Qihui Wang, Li Lin, Jonathan H. Sherman and Michael Keidar
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7757; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167757 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4253
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas, the product of a non-equilibrium discharge at atmospheric conditions. Both chemical and physical factors in CAP have been demonstrated to have unique biological impacts in cancer treatment. From a chemical-based perspective, the anti-cancer efficacy is [...] Read more.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas, the product of a non-equilibrium discharge at atmospheric conditions. Both chemical and physical factors in CAP have been demonstrated to have unique biological impacts in cancer treatment. From a chemical-based perspective, the anti-cancer efficacy is determined by the cellular sensitivity to reactive species. CAP may also be used as a powerful anti-cancer modality based on its physical factors, mainly EM emission. Here, we delve into three CAP cancer treatment approaches, chemically based direct/indirect treatment and physical-based treatment by discussing their basic principles, features, advantages, and drawbacks. This review does not focus on the molecular mechanisms, which have been widely introduced in previous reviews. Based on these approaches and novel adaptive plasma concepts, we discuss the potential clinical application of CAP cancer treatment using a critical evaluation and forward-looking perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) Treatment in Biological Systems: From Cells to Biomaterials)
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