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Applied Sciences
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Optical Effects in Sharp Focus
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Optical Effects in Sharp Focus

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 1344

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sergey S. Stafeev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Laser Measurement, Image Processing Systems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences—Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
Interests: tight focusing; spin-orbital conversion; energy backflow; optical vortices; vector beams

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the sharp focusing of laser light has attracted the extensive attention of researchers. This is due to the unique behavior of light that appears when it is focused by lenses with high numerical apertures.

Initially, the attention of researchers was focused on the behavior of light intensity in sharp focus. It was revealed that focal spots with a complicated intensity distribution could be obtained in the sharp focus, i.e., via optical needles, compact focal spots, optical tunnels and chains. However, it has been demonstrated that other characteristics of the focal spot also exhibit unusual behavior. For example, backward energy flow and spin-orbital conversion were recently obtained under sharp focusing conditions. The aforementioned effects appear when beams are focused with a phase or polarization singularity, and thus sharp focusing is strongly associated with the study of optical vortices and vector beams.

This Special Issue aims to publish high-quality, original research papers in the following overlapping fields:

  • sharp focusing;
  • spin–orbital conversion;
  • energy flows in sharp focus;
  • optical vortices;
  • polarization conversion;
  • vector beams;
  • orbital and spin angular momentum.

Dr. Sergey S. Stafeev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sharp focusing
  • spin-orbital conversion
  • energy backflow
  • optical vortices
  • polarization
  • vector beams
  • orbital angular momentum
  • spin angular momentum

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8357 KiB  
Article
Structurally Invariant Higher-Order Ince-Gaussian Beams and Their Expansions into Hermite-Gaussian or Laguerre-Gaussian Beams
by Eugeny G. Abramochkin, Victor V. Kotlyar and Alexey A. Kovalev
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1759; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051759 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 404
Abstract
Paraxial beam modes, which propagate in space and focus without changing their transverse intensity pattern, are of great value for multiplexing transmitted data in optical communications, both in waveguides and in free space. The best-known paraxial modes are the Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian beams. [...] Read more.
Paraxial beam modes, which propagate in space and focus without changing their transverse intensity pattern, are of great value for multiplexing transmitted data in optical communications, both in waveguides and in free space. The best-known paraxial modes are the Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Here, we derive explicit analytical expressions for Ince-Gaussian (IG) beams for several first values of the indices p = 3, 4, 5, and 6. In total, we obtain expressions for the amplitudes of 24 IG beams. These formulae are written as superpositions of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) or Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beams, with the superposition coefficients explicitly depending on the ellipticity parameter. Due to simultaneous representation of the IG modes via the LG and HG modes, it is easy to obtain the IG modes in the limiting cases wherein the ellipticity parameter is zero or approaches infinity. The explicit dependence of the obtained expressions for the IG modes on the ellipticity parameter makes it possible to change the intensity pattern at the beam cross-section by continuously varying the parameter values. For the first time, the intensity distributions of the IG beams are obtained for negative values of the ellipticity parameter. The obtained expressions could facilitate a theoretical analysis of properties of the IG modes and could find practical applications in the numerical simulation or generation of such beams with a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Effects in Sharp Focus)
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12 pages, 3080 KiB  
Article
Spin–Orbital Transformation in a Tight Focus of an Optical Vortex with Circular Polarization
by Victor V. Kotlyar, Sergey S. Stafeev, Vladislav D. Zaitsev, Alexey M. Telegin and Elena S. Kozlova
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8361; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148361 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 709
Abstract
In the framework of the Richards–Wolf formalism, the spin–orbit conversion upon tight focusing of an optical vortex with circular polarization is studied. We obtain exact formulas which show what part of the total (averaged over the beam cross-section) longitudinal spin angular momentum is [...] Read more.
In the framework of the Richards–Wolf formalism, the spin–orbit conversion upon tight focusing of an optical vortex with circular polarization is studied. We obtain exact formulas which show what part of the total (averaged over the beam cross-section) longitudinal spin angular momentum is transferred to the total longitudinal orbital angular momentum in the focus. It is shown that the maximum part of the total longitudinal angular momentum that can be transformed into the total longitudinal orbital angular momentum is equal to half the beam power, and this maximum is reached at the maximum numerical aperture equal to one. We prove that the part of the spin angular momentum that transforms into the orbital angular momentum does not depend on the optical vortex topological charge. It is also shown that by virtue of spin–orbital conversion upon focusing, the total longitudinal energy flux decreases and partially transforms into the whole transversal (azimuthal) energy flow in the focus. Moreover, the longitudinal energy flux decreases by exactly the same amount that the total longitudinal spin angular momentum decreases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Effects in Sharp Focus)
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