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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Oxidative Stress in Genitourinary Cancers
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Oxidative Stress in Genitourinary Cancers

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2023) | Viewed by 6318

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rita Ghosh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
Interests: oxidative stress signaling; cancer development and progression; NAD[P]H Quinone Reductase; genitourinary and gastrointestinal cancers; therapeutic outcomes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species have an essential role in signaling for effective biological functions in normal cells. Further, cells are equipped with in-built robust antioxidant mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis. However, in the pathological state, including cancer, there is a breakdown in this balance either due to an explosion of reactive oxygen production or a collapse of the antioxidant defense mechanism, leading to oxidative stress and damage to various cellular macromolecules. In the cancer context, the role of reactive oxygen production, its deactivation, and subsequent biological effects are contextual with effects that range from protective to harmful.

In this Special Issue, our goal is to include original research papers and review articles regarding the roles of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant response, and oxidative stress in cancers of the prostate, urinary bladder, kidney, and testis.

Dr. Rita Ghosh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • genitourinary cancers
  • reactive oxygen species
  • signaling
  • molecular mechanism
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidant response
  • cancer development
  • therapeutic response

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 7701 KiB  
Article
Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Enhancers of Everolimus and Radiotherapy Sensitivity on Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Mariana Morais, Vera Machado, Patrícia Figueiredo, Francisca Dias, Rogéria Craveiro, Joana Lencart, Carlos Palmeira, Kirsi S. Mikkonen, Ana Luísa Teixeira and Rui Medeiros
Antioxidants 2023, 12(12), 2051; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122051 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 985
Abstract
Nanomedicine’s advent has promised to revolutionize different biomedical fields, including oncology. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed promising results in different tumor models. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is especially challenging due to its late diagnosis, poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Therefore, defining new [...] Read more.
Nanomedicine’s advent has promised to revolutionize different biomedical fields, including oncology. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed promising results in different tumor models. Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is especially challenging due to its late diagnosis, poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Therefore, defining new therapeutic targets and regimens could improve patient management. This study intends to evaluate AgNPs’ effect in ccRCC cells and explore their potential combinatory effect with Everolimus and Radiotherapy. AgNPs were synthesized, and their effect was evaluated regarding their entering pathway, cellular proliferation capacity, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assessment. AgNPs were combined with Everolimus or used to sensitize cells to radiotherapy. AgNPs are cytotoxic to 786-O cells, a ccRCC cell line, entering through endocytosis, increasing ROS, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane, and blocking the cell cycle, leading to a reduction of proliferation capacity and apoptosis. Combined with Everolimus, AgNPs reduce cell viability and inhibit proliferation capacity. Moreover, 786-O is intrinsically resistant to radiation, but after AgNPs’ administration, radiation induces cytotoxicity through mitochondrial membrane depolarization and S phase blockage. These results demonstrate AgNPs’ cytotoxic potential against ccRCC and seem promising regarding the combination with Everolimus and sensitization to radiotherapy, which can, in the future, benefit ccRCC patients’ management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Genitourinary Cancers)
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22 pages, 12400 KiB  
Article
Multi-Omics Approach Reveals Redox Homeostasis Reprogramming in Early-Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Wei Zhang, Xinhua Qiao, Ting Xie, Wenbin Cai, Xu Zhang, Chang Chen and Yaoguang Zhang
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010081 - 29 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2045
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor originating from proximal tubular epithelial cells, and despite extensive research efforts, its redox homeostasis characteristics and protein S-nitrosylation (or S-nitrosation) (SNO) modification remain largely undefined. This serves as a reminder that the aforementioned [...] Read more.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor originating from proximal tubular epithelial cells, and despite extensive research efforts, its redox homeostasis characteristics and protein S-nitrosylation (or S-nitrosation) (SNO) modification remain largely undefined. This serves as a reminder that the aforementioned features demand a comprehensive inspection. We collected tumor samples and paracancerous normal samples from five patients with early-stage ccRCC (T1N0M0) for proteomic, SNO-proteome, and redox-targeted metabolic analyses. The localization and functional properties of SNO proteins in ccRCC tumors and paracancerous normal tissues were elucidated for the first time. Several highly useful ccRCC-associated SNO proteins were further identified. Metabolic reprogramming, redox homeostasis reprogramming, and tumorigenic alterations are the three major characteristics of early-stage ccRCC. Peroxidative damage caused by rapid proliferation coupled with an increased redox buffering capacity and the antioxidant pool is a major mode of redox homeostasis reprogramming. NADPH and NADP+, which were identified from redox species, are both effective biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. According to our findings, SNO protein signatures and redox homeostasis reprogramming are valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of ccRCC and identifying novel topics that should be seriously considered for the diagnosis and precise therapy of ccRCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Genitourinary Cancers)
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16 pages, 5661 KiB  
Article
Metallothionein 2A with Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity Is Upregulated by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells
by Hsin-Ching Sung, Kang-Shuo Chang, Syue-Ting Chen, Shu-Yuan Hsu, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Chen-Pang Hou, Tsui-Hsia Feng, Ke-Hung Tsui and Horng-Heng Juang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081509 - 01 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Functions of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) in bladder cancer have not been extensively explored even though metallothioneins are regarded as modulators in several biological regulations including oxidation and cancerous development. We evaluated MT2A in bladder carcinoma cells in terms of the mechanisms of regulation [...] Read more.
Functions of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) in bladder cancer have not been extensively explored even though metallothioneins are regarded as modulators in several biological regulations including oxidation and cancerous development. We evaluated MT2A in bladder carcinoma cells in terms of the mechanisms of regulation and the underlying functions. MT2A overexpression not only downregulated endogenous ROS but also blocked ROS induced by H2O2. We used the annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay to determine the modulation of H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by MT2A expression. Results of immunoblot and reporter assays indicated that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) treatment induced MT2A and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions; moreover, the involvement of CAPE in either upregulation of the HO-1 expression or downregulation of endogenous ROS is MT2A dependent in bladder carcinoma cells. Knockdown of MT2A increased invasion and cell growth in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic overexpression of MT2A had the reverse effect in bladder carcinoma cells. Unlike bladder cancer tissues, the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed a significant level of MT2A mRNA in the normal bladder tissues. Collectively, our results indicated that MT2A is acting as an antioxidant and also a tumor suppressor in human bladder carcinoma cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Genitourinary Cancers)
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Review

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12 pages, 668 KiB  
Review
Redox System and Oxidative Stress-Targeted Therapeutic Approaches in Bladder Cancer
by George J. Dugbartey, Sydney Relouw, Liam McFarlane and Alp Sener
Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030287 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 859
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common genitourinary malignancy, with a high global incidence and recurrence rate that is paired with an increasing caregiver burden and higher financial cost, in addition to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Histologically, BCa is categorized into non-muscle [...] Read more.
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common genitourinary malignancy, with a high global incidence and recurrence rate that is paired with an increasing caregiver burden and higher financial cost, in addition to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Histologically, BCa is categorized into non-muscle invasive, muscle invasive, and metastatic BCa, on the basis of which the therapeutic strategy is determined. Despite all innovations and recent advances in BCa research, conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery fall short in the complete management of this important malignancy. Besides this worrying trend, the molecular basis of BCa development also remains poorly understood. Burgeoning evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the body’s antioxidant production plays an integral role in BCa development and progression. Hence, ROS-induced oxidative stress-related pathways are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets of BCa. This review focuses on our current understanding regarding ROS-associated pathways in BCa pathogenesis and progression, as well as on antioxidants as potential adjuvants to conventional BCa therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Genitourinary Cancers)
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