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Exercise in Aging and Chronic Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Antioxidants

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 14971

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Javier González-Gallego

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Guest Editor

Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Leon, Leon, Spain
Interests: exercise; antioxidants; polyphenols; aging; melatonin; liver diseases

Prof. Dr. Jesús R. Huertas

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Guest Editor

Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: antioxidants; free radicals; sport practice; aging; metabolic diseases; coenzyme Q; mediterranean diet
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern societies need to deal with an increasingly aging population, which is a major burden for public health systems due to the huge number of comorbidities associated with older adults. The term “age-related diseases (ARDs)” has been proposed to describe a spectrum of chronic disorders that usually manifest in the elderly (even though triggering may be accelerated by circumstances occurring in younger adult age or even in childhood) and are frequently associated with a sedentary lifestyle and bad nutritional patterns. Thus, exploring methods that can guide us toward a healthy aging without the need for pharmacological and surgical therapies is a promising research strategy.

Increasing evidence points to the involvement of oxidative stress and a systemic inflammatory process in the physiopathology of various chronic diseases that require prolonged periods of pharmacological treatment. An active lifestyle including habitual physical exercise is widely accepted as a valid method to promote health, with positive effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. These benefits could be especially important in the elderly as this population have higher sedentary rates.

In this Special Issue, we invite high-quality basic, clinical or epidemiological original manuscripts and reviews that examine the effects of exercise in aging and chronic diseases with a focus on oxidative stress/inflammation and antioxidants. Articles taking into consideration the basic mechanisms of action and outcomes of exercise and the contribution of antioxidants to support these responses are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Javier González-Gallego
Prof. Dr. Jesús R. Huertas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

exercise
oxidative stress
antioxidants
inflammation
chronic diseases

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2580 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creatine Supplementation Potentiates Exercise Protective Effects against Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

by Loriane R. L. Costa Godinho, Paola S. Cella, Tatiana A. S. Guimarães, Guilherme H. Dantas Palma, Jonathan H. C. Nunes and Rafael Deminice

Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040823 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1613

Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that creatine supplementation may potentiate exercise’s protective effects against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty-eight Swiss mice were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C, n = 7), exercised (Ex, n = 7), treated with doxorubicin (Dox, n = 8), treated with doxorubicin and exercised (DoxEx, n = 8), and treated with doxorubicin, exercised, and supplemented with creatine (DoxExCr, n = 8). Doxorubicin was administered weekly (i.p.) for a total dose of 12 mg/kg. Creatine supplementation (2% added to the diet) and strength training (climbing stairs, 3 times a week) were performed for a total of 5 weeks. The results demonstrated that doxorubicin caused hepatotoxicity, which was evidenced by increased (p < 0.05) hepatic markers of inflammation (i.e., TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidative damage, while the redox status (GSH/GSSG) was reduced. The plasma concentrations of liver transaminases were also significantly (p < 0.05) elevated. Furthermore, doxorubicin-treated animals presented hepatic fibrosis and histopathological alterations such as cellular degeneration and the infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells. Exercise alone partly prevented doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity; thus, when combined with creatine supplementation, exercise was able to attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress, morphological alterations, and fibrosis. In conclusion, creatine supplementation potentiates the protective effects of exercise against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise in Aging and Chronic Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Antioxidants)

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16 pages, 2488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resistance Training Modulates Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress, Independent of Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses, in Elderly People

by Brisamar Estébanez, Nishant P. Visavadiya, José E. Vargas, Marta Rivera-Viloria, Andy V. Khamoui, José A. de Paz and Chun-Jung Huang

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2242; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112242 - 14 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3870

Abstract

Aging is related to changes in the redox status, low-grade inflammation, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR). Exercise has been shown to regulate the inflammatory response, balance redox homeostasis, and ameliorate the UPR. This work aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training on changes in the UPR, oxidative status, and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly subjects. Thirty elderly subjects volunteered to participate in an 8-week resistance training program, and 11 youth subjects were included for basal assessments. Klotho, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), oxidative marker expression (catalase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, protein carbonyls, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2), the IRE1 arm of UPR, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were evaluated before and following training. No changes in the HSP60 and Klotho protein content, oxidative status markers, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were found with exercise. However, an attenuation of the reduced pIRE1/IRE1 ratio was observed following training. Systems biology analysis showed that a low number of proteins (RPS27A, SYVN1, HSPA5, and XBP1) are associated with IRE1, where XBP1 and RPS27A are essential nodes according to the centrality analysis. Additionally, a gene ontology analysis confirms that endoplasmic reticulum stress is a key mechanism modulated by IRE1. These findings might partially support the modulatory effect of resistance training on the endoplasmic reticulum in the elderly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise in Aging and Chronic Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Antioxidants)

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12 pages, 3449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exercise Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Fatty Rats

by Itaru Monno, Yoshio Ogura, Jing Xu, Daisuke Koya and Munehiro Kitada

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111754 - 03 Nov 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

Lifestyle improvement, including through exercise, has been recognized as an important mode of therapy for the suppression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects in the suppression of DKD have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effects of treadmill exercise training (TET) for 8 weeks (13 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) on kidney injuries of type 2 diabetic male rats with obesity (Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats: WFRs) at 36 weeks of age. TET significantly suppressed the levels of albuminuria and urinary liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), tubulointerstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the kidneys of WFRs. In addition, TET mitigated excessive apoptosis and restored autophagy in the renal cortex, as well as suppressed the development of morphological abnormalities in the mitochondria of proximal tubular cells, which were also accompanied by the restoration of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activity and suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In conclusion, TET ameliorates diabetes-induced kidney injury in type 2 diabetic fatty rats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise in Aging and Chronic Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Antioxidants)

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17 pages, 2037 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hybrid Neuromuscular Training Improves Cardiometabolic Health and Alters Redox Status in Inactive Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Alexios Batrakoulis, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Dimitrios Draganidis, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Athanasios Poulios, Niki Syrou, Chariklia K. Deli, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Symeon Tournis and Ioannis G. Fatouros

Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1601; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101601 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2364

Abstract

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a 5-month high-intensity hybrid-type neuromuscular training program with nontraditional implements on cardiometabolic health, redox status, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in inactive overweight and obese women. Forty-nine inactive female participants with overweight and obesity (age: 36.4 ± 4.4 years; BMI: 29.1 ± 2.9 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to either a control (C, n = 21) or a training group (TR, n = 28). TR followed a 20-week supervised, progressive, time-efficient (3 days/week; 6–15 min net exercise time) program implementing loaded fundamental movement patterns with prescribed work-to-rest time intervals (20–40 s, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1) in a circuit fashion (2–3 rounds). Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline and post-training as secondary outcomes of a larger randomized controlled trial. At post-intervention, TR demonstrated favorable changes in resting heart rate (−7%, p = 0.043), high-density lipoprotein (+18.1%, p = 0.029), atherogenic index (−17%, p = 0.045), mean arterial pressure (−4.5%, p = 0.03), waist circumference (−6.2%, p = 0.005), waist-to-hip ratio (−4.6%; p = 0.015), metabolic syndrome severity score (−222%, p = 0.024), full 30-year CVD risk (−15.8%, p = 0.002) and hard 30-year CVD risk (−17.6%, p = 0.01), vascular age (−7.8%, p = 0.002), protein carbonyls (−45.7%, p = 0.001), catalase activity (+15.2%, p = 0.023), and total antioxidant capacity (+11.4%, p = 0.002) relative to C. Additionally, TR induced beneficial changes in fasting glucose (−3.4%, p = 0.002), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (−15.7%, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (−5.6%, p < 0.001), reduced glutathione (+39.8%, p < 0.001), 10-year CVD risk (−17.4%, p = 0.011), and total bilirubin (−21.7%, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. These results suggest that hybrid-type neuromuscular training may improve aspects of cardiometabolic health and antioxidant status in inactive overweight and obese women providing a time-efficient (~100 min/week) exercise approach in a real-world gym setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise in Aging and Chronic Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Antioxidants)

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Review

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21 pages, 1287 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exercise Restores Hypothalamic Health in Obesity by Reshaping the Inflammatory Network

by Lucio Della Guardia and Roberto Codella

Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020297 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3142

Abstract

Obesity and overnutrition induce inflammation, leptin-, and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. The mediobasal hypothalamus responds to exercise enabling critical adaptions at molecular and cellular level that positively impact local inflammation. This review discusses the positive effect of exercise on obesity-induced hypothalamic dysfunction, highlighting the mechanistic aspects related to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. In HFD-fed animals, both acute and chronic moderate-intensity exercise mitigate microgliosis and lower inflammation in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Notably, this associates with restored leptin sensitivity and lower food intake. Exercise-induced cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 mediate part of these positive effect on the ARC in obese animals. The reduction of obesity-associated pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., FFAs, TNFα, resistin, and AGEs), and the improvement in the gut–brain axis represent alternative paths through which regular exercise can mitigate hypothalamic inflammation. These findings suggest that the regular practice of exercise can restore a proper functionality in the hypothalamus in obesity. Further analysis investigating the crosstalk muscle–hypothalamus would help toward a deeper comprehension of the subject. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise in Aging and Chronic Diseases: Focus on Oxidative Stress/Inflammation and Antioxidants)

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