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Antioxidants
Special Issues
The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing
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The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 16038

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Marco Giorgio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: aging; cancer; neurodegeneration; energy metabolism; bioenergetic; genomic remodeling; redox balance; mouse models; human samples; biochemical assays; omics approaches
Dr. Maria Pia Rigobello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: antioxidant molecules; anti cancer drugs; mitochondria; thiol redox regulation; thioredoxin reductase; glutathione
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The finding that antioxidants promote longevity or fight ageing-associated diseases is a fundamental validation of the oxidative stress theory of ageing. However, this statement is frequently turned upside down, becoming something different: A corollary of the oxidative theory of ageing is the intake of antioxidants retards ageing and increases lifespan. Because of this circular argumentation, the term antioxidant is commonly believed to be synonymous with anti-ageing, and antioxidant food is a claim for healthy food.

Several evidences indicate that antioxidants exert very different effects depending on the amounts and the experimental system. The benefits of counteracting oxidative signals to cure cancer or myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is controversial. Then, taking antioxidants with food or as nutraceutical supplements, systemic effects, bioavailability, derived metabolites and interactions have to be considered before drawing conclusions.

In this Special Issue, original research reports and updated literature reviews make the point on the state of the knowledge on the role of antioxidants in ageing.

Prof. Dr. Marco Giorgio
Dr. Maria Pia Rigobello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurodegeneration/cognitive decline
  • cardiovascular ageing
  • cancer redox state
  • inflammatory diseases
  • stem cell exhaustion

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

21 pages, 10339 KiB  
Article
The Cerebral Protective Effect of Novel Erinacines from Hericium erinaceus Mycelium on In Vivo Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Animal Model and Primary Mixed Glial Cells via Nrf2-Dependent Pathways
by Kam-Fai Lee, Yung-Yu Hsieh, Shui-Yi Tung, Chih-Chuan Teng, Kung-Chuan Cheng, Meng-Chiao Hsieh, Cheng-Yi Huang, Ko-Chao Lee, Li-Ya Lee, Wan-Ping Chen, Chin-Chu Chen and Hsing-Chun Kuo
Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030371 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1156
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus, a consumable mushroom, has shown a potential to enhance the production of neuroprotective bioactive metabolites. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to cognitive, physical, and psychosocial impairments, resulting in neuroinflammation and the loss of cortical neurons. In this research, the [...] Read more.
Hericium erinaceus, a consumable mushroom, has shown a potential to enhance the production of neuroprotective bioactive metabolites. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to cognitive, physical, and psychosocial impairments, resulting in neuroinflammation and the loss of cortical neurons. In this research, the effects of H. erinaceus mycelium, its derivative erinacine C, along with the underlying mechanisms, were examined in terms of oxidative stress modulation and neurological improvement in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered diets containing H. erinaceus mycelium and erinacine C following experimental brain injury; these supplements were continued throughout the recovery phase. The binding activity of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) near antioxidant genes in mixed glial cells was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR). The motor beam walking test revealed that dietary supplementation of H. erinaceus mycelium resulted in modest improvements in spatial memory while inhibiting neuron cell death and microglial activation according to brain histological examination. These findings were further corroborated by the upregulation of several antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and superoxide dismutase) and phospho-CAMP-response element-binding (p-CREB) levels in the mTBI model treated with H. erinaceus mycelium. Erinacine C treatment led to significantly reduced brain inflammation and normalization of mTBI-induced deficits through the modulation of the Nrf2 activation pathway and upregulated expression of numerous Nrf2-binding antioxidant genes such as catalase, thioredoxin reductase, superoxide dismutase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This study demonstrates the potential of H. erinaceus mycelium and erinacine C in facilitating recovery following mTBI, including the prevention of neuronal injury and inactivation of microglia through the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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14 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Butein Increases Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Lifespan with Positive Effects on the Risk of Age-Related Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans
by Seona Kim, Hyemin Yoon and Sang-Kyu Park
Antioxidants 2024, 13(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13020155 - 26 Jan 2024
Viewed by 934
Abstract
Butein is a flavonoid found in many plants, including dahlia, butea, and coreopsis, and has both antioxidant and sirtuin-activating activities. In light of the postulated role of free radicals in aging, we examined the effects of butein on aging and on genetic or [...] Read more.
Butein is a flavonoid found in many plants, including dahlia, butea, and coreopsis, and has both antioxidant and sirtuin-activating activities. In light of the postulated role of free radicals in aging, we examined the effects of butein on aging and on genetic or nutritional models of age-related diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans. Butein showed radical scavenging activity and increased resistance to oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. The mean lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans was significantly increased by butein, from 22.7 days in the untreated control to 25.0 days in the butein-treated group. However, the lifespan-extending effect of butein was accompanied by reduced production of progeny as a trade-off. Moreover, the age-related decline in motility was delayed by butein supplementation. Genetic analysis showed that the lifespan-extending effect of butein required the autophagic protein BEC-1 and the transcription factor DAF-16 to regulate stress response and aging. At the genetic level, expression of the DAF-16 downstream target genes hsp-16.2 and sod-3 was induced in butein-treated worms. Butein additionally exhibited a preventive effect in models of age-related diseases. In an Alzheimer’s disease model, butein treatment significantly delayed the paralysis caused by accumulation of amyloid-beta in muscle, which requires SKN-1, not DAF-16. In a high-glucose-diet model of diabetes mellitus, butein markedly improved survival, requiring both SKN-1 and DAF-16. In a Parkinson’s disease model, dopaminergic neurodegeneration was completely inhibited by butein supplementation and the accumulation of α-synuclein was significantly reduced. These findings suggest the use of butein as a novel nutraceutical compound for aging and age-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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22 pages, 3506 KiB  
Article
Trachyspermum ammi Bioactives Promote Neuroprotection by Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase, Aβ-Oligomerization/Fibrilization, and Mitigating Oxidative Stress In Vitro
by Himadri Sharma, Hyewon Yang, Niti Sharma and Seong Soo A An
Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010009 - 20 Dec 2023
Viewed by 944
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a large category of progressive neurological disorders with diverse clinical and pathological characteristics. Among the NDs, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widespread disease, which affects more than 400 million people globally. Oxidative stress is evident in the pathophysiology [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a large category of progressive neurological disorders with diverse clinical and pathological characteristics. Among the NDs, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widespread disease, which affects more than 400 million people globally. Oxidative stress is evident in the pathophysiology of nearly all NDs by affecting several pathways in neurodegeneration. No single drug can manage multi-faceted diseases like NDs. Therefore, an alternative therapeutic strategy is required, which can affect several pathophysiological pathways at a time. To achieve this aim, hexane and ethyl acetate extract from Trachyspermum ammi (Carom) were prepared, and GC/MS identified the bioactive compounds. For the cell-based assays, oxidative stress was induced in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using hydrogen peroxide to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the Carom extracts/bioactives. The extracts/bioactives provided neuroprotection in the cells by modulating multiple pathways involved in neurodegeneration, such as alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential. They were potent inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase enzymes and displayed competitive/mixed-type inhibition. Additionally, anti-Aβ1-42 fibrilization/oligomerization and anti-glycation activities were also analyzed. The multi-faceted neuroprotection shown via Carom/Carvacrol makes it a prospective contender in drug development for NDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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16 pages, 3035 KiB  
Article
Bifidobacterium animalis MSMC83 Improves Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota in D-Galactose-Induced Rats
by Porntipha Vitheejongjaroen, Anongnard Kasorn, Narathip Puttarat, Fabien Loison and Malai Taweechotipatr
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2146; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112146 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
The development of many chronic diseases is associated with an excess of free radicals leading to harmful oxidative stress. Certain probiotic strains have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-aging properties and are an important resource for development of microbial antioxidants. The present [...] Read more.
The development of many chronic diseases is associated with an excess of free radicals leading to harmful oxidative stress. Certain probiotic strains have been shown to have antioxidant and anti-aging properties and are an important resource for development of microbial antioxidants. The present study aimed to explore the protection offered by Bifidobacterium animalis strain MSMC83 in a model of oxidative stress induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups: a control group injected with saline, a group injected subcutaneously with D-galactose, a probiotic group injected with D-galactose and administered B. animalis MSMC83 (109 CFU/mL) via daily oral gavage, and an ascorbic acid group. The probiotics significantly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde in the plasma and livers of D-galactose-treated rats. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in the liver was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the treatment with B. animalis MSMC83 restored the microbiota diversity after D-galactose injection. Therefore, our results supported a beneficial role of B. animalis MSMC83 in alleviating oxidative stress through the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. Our study suggests that B. animalis MSMC83 may be part of a healthy diet to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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15 pages, 1355 KiB  
Article
Mangifera indica L. Leaves as a Potential Food Source of Phenolic Compounds with Biological Activity
by Giuseppe Sferrazzo, Rosa Palmeri, Cristina Restuccia, Lucia Parafati, Laura Siracusa, Mariarita Spampinato, Giuseppe Carota, Alfio Distefano, Michelino Di Rosa, Barbara Tomasello, Angelita Costantino, Massimo Gulisano, Giovanni Li Volti and Ignazio Barbagallo
Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071313 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3776
Abstract
It is well recognized that functional foods rich in antioxidants and antiinflammation agents including polyphenols, probiotics/prebiotics, and bioactive compounds have been found to have positive effects on the aging process. In particular, fruits play an important role in regular diet, promoting good health [...] Read more.
It is well recognized that functional foods rich in antioxidants and antiinflammation agents including polyphenols, probiotics/prebiotics, and bioactive compounds have been found to have positive effects on the aging process. In particular, fruits play an important role in regular diet, promoting good health and longevity. In this study, we investigated on biological properties of extract obtained from Mangifera indica L. leaves in preclinical in vitro models. Specifically, the profile and content of bioactive compounds, the antimicrobial potential toward food spoilage and pathogenic bacterial species, and the eventually protective effect in inflammation were examined. Our findings revealed that MLE was rich in polyphenols, showing a content exclusively in the subclass of benzophenone/xanthone metabolites, and these phytochemical compounds demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacity and greatest in vitro antibacterial activity toward different bacterial species such as Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and St. haemolyticus. Furthermore, our data showed an in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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Review

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18 pages, 2341 KiB  
Review
From In Silico to a Cellular Model: Molecular Docking Approach to Evaluate Antioxidant Bioactive Peptides
by Federica Tonolo, Alessandro Grinzato, Alberto Bindoli and Maria Pia Rigobello
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030665 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2488
Abstract
The increasing need to counteract the redox imbalance in chronic diseases leads to focusing research on compounds with antioxidant activity. Among natural molecules with health-promoting effects on many body functions, bioactive peptides are gaining interest. They are protein fragments of 2–20 amino acids [...] Read more.
The increasing need to counteract the redox imbalance in chronic diseases leads to focusing research on compounds with antioxidant activity. Among natural molecules with health-promoting effects on many body functions, bioactive peptides are gaining interest. They are protein fragments of 2–20 amino acids that can be released by various mechanisms, such as gastrointestinal digestion, food processing and microbial fermentation. Recent studies report the effects of bioactive peptides in the cellular environment, and there is evidence that these compounds can exert their action by modulating specific pathways. This review focuses on the newest approaches to the structure–function correlation of the antioxidant bioactive peptides, considering their molecular mechanism, by evaluating the activation of specific signaling pathways that are linked to antioxidant systems. The correlation between the results of in silico molecular docking analysis and the effects in a cellular model was highlighted. This knowledge is fundamental in order to propose the use of bioactive peptides as ingredients in functional foods or nutraceuticals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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32 pages, 1900 KiB  
Review
Does Plant Breeding for Antioxidant-Rich Foods Have an Impact on Human Health?
by Laura Bassolino, Katia Petroni, Angela Polito, Alessandra Marinelli, Elena Azzini, Marika Ferrari, Donatella B. M. Ficco, Elisabetta Mazzucotelli, Alessandro Tondelli, Agostino Fricano, Roberta Paris, Inmaculada García-Robles, Carolina Rausell, María Dolores Real, Carlo Massimo Pozzi, Giuseppe Mandolino, Ephrem Habyarimana and Luigi Cattivelli
Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040794 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3622
Abstract
Given the general beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich foods on human health and disease prevention, there is a continuous interest in plant secondary metabolites conferring attractive colors to fruits and grains and responsible, together with others, for nutraceutical properties. Cereals and Solanaceae are important [...] Read more.
Given the general beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich foods on human health and disease prevention, there is a continuous interest in plant secondary metabolites conferring attractive colors to fruits and grains and responsible, together with others, for nutraceutical properties. Cereals and Solanaceae are important components of the human diet, thus, they are the main targets for functional food development by exploitation of genetic resources and metabolic engineering. In this review, we focus on the impact of antioxidants-rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human health by analyzing natural biodiversity and biotechnological strategies aiming at increasing the antioxidant level of grains and fruits, the impact of agronomic practices and food processing on antioxidant properties combined with a focus on the current state of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the strong evidence in in vitro and animal studies supporting the beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich diets in preventing diseases, clinical studies are still not sufficient to prove the impact of antioxidant rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Antioxidant Foods and Nutraceuticals in Ageing)
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