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Antioxidants
Special Issues
The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases
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The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 13891

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jun Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: selenium; selenoprotein; trace element; diabetes; fatty liver; glucose and lipid metabolism; metabolic disease; antioxidant
Prof. Dr. Xingen Lei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Interests: molecular nutrition; minerals; alternative protein; global food security; sustainable development; human health; metabolic disease; antioxidant; oxidative stress; signaling; functional genomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Selenium is an essential micronutrient to both higher animals and humans. After it was discovered as a metalloid in 1817, our knowledge of selenium has evolved with a number of milestone findings: acute and chronic toxicities, Se/vitamin E deficiency diseases, nutrient requirements, anticancer potential, the characterization and biosynthesis of selenoproteins, and functional genomics of the selenoproteome. Arguably, many, if not all, functions of selenium are mediated through selenoproteins that possess a wide range of pleiotropic properties, ranging from cellular redox control to body hormone biosynthesis and macronutrient metabolism. Therefore, selenium and selenoproteins play crucial roles in maintaining mammalian health and prevention against diseases. Consequently, derangements of the selenium metabolism and(or) selenoprotein function may be involved in the etiology of a broad spectrum of widespread diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, thyroid disease, etc. It is intriguing that both the deficiency and excess of selenium/selenoproteins can result in a similar metabolic dysregulation and contribute to the onset and progression of the aforementioned diseases, indicating the importance of a fully balanced and coordinated role of selenium/selenoproteins in health. Despite notable advances in the field, much remains to be explored.

We recognize your excellent knowledge of the topic and contribution to the field, and would like to invite you to submit your latest research findings or a review article to this Special Issue. This Special Issue intends to assemble the current findings, status, and perspective concerning the role of selenium/selenoproteins in metabolism and diseases, covering, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of selenium/selenoproteins-related disorders;
  • Selenium/selenoproteins on energy and macronutrient metabolism;
  • Selenium/selenoproteins on energy and micronutrient and drug metabolism;
  • Selenium/selenoproteins on neurodegenerations;
  • Selenium/selenoproteins on oncology;
  • Selenium/selenoproteins on immunity and infections (COVID-19, SARS, MERS, and pneumonia);
  • Basic biology of selenium/selenoproteins (chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell biology).

We look forward to your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Jun Zhou
Prof. Dr. Xingen Lei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • selenium
  • functions of selenoproteins
  • diet-related diseases
  • metabolic derangement
  • selenium in disease prevention
  • selenium deficiency and overload

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1545 KiB  
Article
Serum Selenium-Binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) in Burn Injury: A Potential Biomarker of Disease Severity and Clinical Course
by Tabael L. Turan, Holger J. Klein, Julian Hackler, Livia Hoerner, Eddy Rijntjes, Theresia Reding Graf, Jan A. Plock and Lutz Schomburg
Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 1927; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111927 - 29 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and metabolic derangements are hallmarks of burn pathophysiology. Severely burned patients are highly susceptible to infectious complications. Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) modulates intracellular redox homeostasis, and elevated serum concentrations have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in trauma patients. [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and metabolic derangements are hallmarks of burn pathophysiology. Severely burned patients are highly susceptible to infectious complications. Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) modulates intracellular redox homeostasis, and elevated serum concentrations have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes in trauma patients. We hypothesized that serum SELENBP1 at hospital admission and during hospitalization may constitute a meaningful biomarker of disease severity and the clinical course in burn injury, with pulmonary infection as primary endpoint. To this end, we conducted a prospective cohort study that included 90 adult patients admitted to the Burn Center of the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Patients were treated according to the local standard of care, with high-dose selenium supplementation during the first week. Serum SELENBP1 was determined at nine time-points up to six months postburn and the data were correlated to clinical parameters. SELENBP1 was initially elevated and rapidly declined within the first day. Baseline SELENBP1 levels correlated positively with the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) (R = 0.408; p < 0.0001). In multiple logistic regression, a higher ABSI was significantly associated with increased pulmonary infection risk (OR, 14.4; 95% CI, 3.2–88.8; p = 0.001). Similarly, baseline SELENBP1 levels constituted a novel but less accurate predictor of pulmonary infection risk (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.7–8.9; p = 0.164). Further studies are needed to explore the additional value of serum SELENBP1 when stratifying patients with respect to the clinical course following major burns and, potentially, for monitoring therapeutic measures aimed at reducing tissue damage and oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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19 pages, 8462 KiB  
Article
Selenoprotein W Ameliorates Experimental Colitis and Promotes Intestinal Epithelial Repair
by Shaneice K. Nettleford, Chang Liao, Sarah P. Short, Randall M. Rossi, Vishal Singh and K. Sandeep Prabhu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040850 - 01 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
Selenoprotein W (Selenow) is a ~9 kDa selenoprotein suggested to play a beneficial role in resolving inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. SELENOW expression in the human GI tract using ScRNAseq Gut Cell Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases revealed [...] Read more.
Selenoprotein W (Selenow) is a ~9 kDa selenoprotein suggested to play a beneficial role in resolving inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. SELENOW expression in the human GI tract using ScRNAseq Gut Cell Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases revealed its expression in the small intestine and colonic epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and stem cells and correlated with a protective effect in ulcerative colitis patients. Selenow KO mice treated with 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) showed exacerbated acute colitis, with greater weight loss, shorter colons, and increased fecal occult blood compared to the WT counterparts. Selenow KO mice expressed higher colonic Tnfα, increased Tnfα+ macrophages in the colonic lamina propria, and exhibited loss in epithelial barrier integrity and decreased zonula occludens 1 (Zo-1) expression following DSS treatment. Expression of epithelial cellular adhesion marker (EpCam), yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1), and epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) were decreased along with CD24lo cycling epithelial cells in Selenow KO mice. Colonic lysates and organoids confirmed a crosstalk between Egfr and Yap1 that was regulated by Selenow. Overall, our findings suggest Selenow expression is key for efficient resolution of inflammation in experimental colitis that is mediated through the regulation of Egfr and Yap1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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22 pages, 20614 KiB  
Article
Spore Oil-Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles Protect Pancreatic Beta Cells from Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Pathways
by Sajin Zhou, Hongyan Zhu, Piaopiao Xiong, Lei Shi, Weibin Bai and Xiaoling Li
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040840 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1786
Abstract
Oxidative stress damage of pancreatic β-cells is a key link in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A long-term increase of free fatty acids induces the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in β-cells, leading to apoptosis and dysfunction of β-cells. Ganoderma [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress damage of pancreatic β-cells is a key link in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A long-term increase of free fatty acids induces the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in β-cells, leading to apoptosis and dysfunction of β-cells. Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is a functional food complex with strong antioxidant activity, but its solubility and stability are poor. In the present study, GLSO-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (GLSO@SeNPs) with high stability and uniform particle size were synthesized by a high-pressure homogeneous emulsification method. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of GLSO@SeNPs on INS-1E rat insulinoma β-cells against palmitic-acid (PA)-induced cell death, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that GLSO@SeNPs had good stability and biocompatibility, and they significantly inhibited the PA-induced apoptosis of INS-1E pancreatic cells by regulating the activity of related antioxidant enzymes, including thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Western blot analysis showed that GLSO@SeNPs reversed the PA-induced changes in MAPK pathway protein expression levels. Thus, the present findings provided a new theoretical basis for utilizing GLSO@SeNPs as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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16 pages, 2431 KiB  
Article
Different Effects and Mechanisms of Selenium Compounds in Improving Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Zhong-Hao Zhang, Jia-Ying Peng, Yu-Bin Chen, Chao Wang, Chen Chen and Guo-Li Song
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030702 - 12 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1490
Abstract
Owing to the strong antioxidant capacity of selenium (Se) in vivo, a variety of Se compounds have been shown to have great potential for improving the main pathologies and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. However, the differences in the anti-AD effects [...] Read more.
Owing to the strong antioxidant capacity of selenium (Se) in vivo, a variety of Se compounds have been shown to have great potential for improving the main pathologies and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. However, the differences in the anti-AD effects and mechanisms of different Se compounds are still unclear. Theoretically, the absorption and metabolism of different forms of Se in the body vary, which directly determines the diversification of downstream regulatory pathways. In this study, low doses of Se-methylselenocysteine (SMC), selenomethionine (SeM), or sodium selenate (SeNa) were administered to triple transgenic AD (3× Tg-AD) mice for short time periods. AD pathology, activities of selenoenzymes, and metabolic profiles in the brain were studied to explore the similarities and differences in the anti-AD effects and mechanisms of the three Se compounds. We found that all of these Se compounds significantly increased Se levels and antioxidant capacity, regulated amino acid metabolism, and ameliorated synaptic deficits, thus improving the cognitive capacity of AD mice. Importantly, SMC preferentially increased the expression and activity of thioredoxin reductase and reduced tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) activity. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), the selenoenzyme most affected by SeM, decreased amyloid beta production and improved mitochondrial function. SeNa improved methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) expression, reflected in AD pathology as promoting the expression of synaptic proteins and restoring synaptic deficits. Herein, we reveal the differences and mechanisms by which different Se compounds improve multiple pathologies of AD and provide novel insights into the targeted administration of Se-containing drugs in the treatment of AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 3310 KiB  
Review
Properties of Selenolate-Diselenide Redox Equilibria in View of Their Thiolate-Disulfide Counterparts
by Tamás Pálla, Arash Mirzahosseini and Béla Noszál
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040822 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1306
Abstract
Selenium, the multifaceted redox agent, is characterized in terms of oxidation states, with emphasis on selenol and diselenide in proteinogenic compounds. Selenocysteine, selenocystine, selenocysteamine, and selenocystamine are depicted in view of their co-dependent, interfering acid-base, and redox properties. The pH-dependent, apparent (conditional), and [...] Read more.
Selenium, the multifaceted redox agent, is characterized in terms of oxidation states, with emphasis on selenol and diselenide in proteinogenic compounds. Selenocysteine, selenocystine, selenocysteamine, and selenocystamine are depicted in view of their co-dependent, interfering acid-base, and redox properties. The pH-dependent, apparent (conditional), and pH-independent, highly specific, microscopic forms of the redox equilibrium constants are described. Experimental techniques and evaluation methods for the determination of the equilibrium and redox parameters are discussed, with a focus on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which is the prime technique to observe selenium properties in organic compounds. The correlation between redox, acid-base, and NMR parameters is shown in diagrams and tables. The fairly accessible NMR and acid-base parameters are discussed to assess the predictive power of these methods to estimate the site-specific redox properties of selenium-containing moieties in large molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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28 pages, 5006 KiB  
Review
Progress in the Surface Functionalization of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Potential Application in Cancer Therapy
by Wanwen Chen, Hao Cheng and Wenshui Xia
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1965; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101965 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium participates in numerous life processes and plays a key role in human health. In the past decade, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted great attention due to their excellent functionality for potential applications in pharmaceuticals. However, the utilization of [...] Read more.
As an essential micronutrient, selenium participates in numerous life processes and plays a key role in human health. In the past decade, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted great attention due to their excellent functionality for potential applications in pharmaceuticals. However, the utilization of SeNPs has been restricted by their instability and low targeting ability. Since the existing reviews mainly focused on the applications of SeNPs, this review highlights the synthesis of SeNPs and the strategies to improve their stability and targeting ability through surface functionalization. In addition, the utilization of functionalized SeNPs for the single and co-delivery of drugs or genes to achieve the combination of therapy are also presented, with the emphasis on the potential mechanism. The current challenges and prospects of functionalized SeNPs are also summarized. This review may provide valuable information for the design of novel functionalized SeNPs and promote their future application in cancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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19 pages, 1126 KiB  
Review
Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Anticancer Effects Pertaining to Probiotic Bacteria—A Review
by Asad Ullah, Jing Mu, Fenghuan Wang, Malik Wajid Hussain Chan, Xian Yin, Yonghong Liao, Zulfiqar Ali Mirani, Syed Sebt-e-Hassan, Sadar Aslam, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Naseem Khan, Zakia Khatoon and Mohib Reza Kazmi
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1916; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101916 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2970
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can be produced by biogenic, physical, and chemical processes. The physical and chemical processes have hazardous effects. However, biogenic synthesis (by microorganisms) is an eco-friendly and economical technique that is non-toxic to human and animal health. The mechanism for biogenic [...] Read more.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) can be produced by biogenic, physical, and chemical processes. The physical and chemical processes have hazardous effects. However, biogenic synthesis (by microorganisms) is an eco-friendly and economical technique that is non-toxic to human and animal health. The mechanism for biogenic SeNPs from microorganisms is still not well understood. Over the past two decades, extensive research has been conducted on the nutritional and therapeutic applications of biogenic SeNPs. The research revealed that biogenic SeNPs are considered novel competitors in the pharmaceutical and food industries, as they have been shown to be virtually non-toxic when used in medical practice and as dietary supplements and release only trace amounts of Se ions when ingested. Various pathogenic and probiotic/nonpathogenic bacteria are used for the biogenic synthesis of SeNPs. However, in the case of biosynthesis by pathogenic bacteria, extraction and purification techniques are required for further useful applications of these biogenic SeNPs. This review focuses on the applications of SeNPs (derived from probiotic/nonpathogenic organisms) as promising anticancer agents. This review describes that SeNPs derived from probiotic/nonpathogenic organisms are considered safe for human consumption. These biogenic SeNPs reduce oxidative stress in the human body and have also been shown to be effective against breast, prostate, lung, liver, and colon cancers. This review provides helpful information on the safe use of biogenic SeNPs and their economic importance for dietary and therapeutic purposes, especially as anticancer agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Selenium/Selenoproteins in Metabolism and Diseases)
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