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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Redox Balance in Kidney Disease
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Redox Balance in Kidney Disease

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 6044

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Robert Ekart

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: hemodialysis; dialysis; chronic renal failure; hypertension; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; clinical nephrology; acute kidney injury; chronic kidney failure; kidney transplantation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, which can contribute to aging, a process characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production and antioxidant defenses. 

Oxidative stress has been found in kidney disease due to both antioxidant deficiency and increased RONS production. The kidney is a high-metabolic-rate organ where many oxidative reactions occur, making it susceptible to damage from RONS. 

Several studies have shown that RONS can accelerate the progression of kidney disease. In patients with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), increased RONS levels are associated with complications such as inflammation, anemia, premature vascular aging, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

This Special Issue will discuss recent findings on oxidative stress biomarkers and pathophysiological processes, as well as how oxidative stress affects renal function and promotes damage in each nephron segment, including renal vessels, glomeruli and tubules.
We invite you to submit your latest research or a review article for this Special Issue, summarizing current research on oxidative stress in acute and chronic kidney disease.

Prof. Dr. Robert Ekart
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • acute and chronic kidney disease
  • reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
  • uremic toxins
  • premature aging

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 6179 KiB  
Article
Nootkatone Supplementation Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride Exposure-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice
by Chongshan Dai, Mingchao Liu, Qinzhi Zhang, Subhajit Das Gupta, Shusheng Tang and Jianzhong Shen
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020370 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Nootkatone (NKT), a major ingredient of Alpinia oxyphylla, exhibited potential nephroprotective effects; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to study the nephroprotective effects of NKT and the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Our results showed that NKT [...] Read more.
Nootkatone (NKT), a major ingredient of Alpinia oxyphylla, exhibited potential nephroprotective effects; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to study the nephroprotective effects of NKT and the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Our results showed that NKT pretreatment at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg per day for 7 days significantly attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increases of serum BUN and CRE and kidney pathology injury. NKT pretreatment also markedly inhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and the activation of caspases-9 and -3 in kidneys of mice exposed to CCl4. Meanwhile, NKT pretreatment downregulated the expression of NOX4, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins and NO levels in the kidney tissues. Moreover, NKT pretreatment upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNAs, and downregulated the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNAs in the kidneys of mice, compared to those in the CCl4 alone treatment group. In conclusion, our results reveal that NKT supplementation could protect against CCl4 exposure-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the kidneys by inhibiting NOX4 and NF-κB pathways and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our current study highlights the therapeutic application of NKT for kidney diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Balance in Kidney Disease)
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Review

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13 pages, 999 KiB  
Review
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Kidney Injury
by Nejc Piko, Sebastjan Bevc, Radovan Hojs and Robert Ekart
Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1772; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091772 - 16 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are among the most common non-communicable diseases in the developed world, with increasing prevalence. Patients with acute kidney injury are at an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. One of kidney injury’s most common clinical [...] Read more.
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are among the most common non-communicable diseases in the developed world, with increasing prevalence. Patients with acute kidney injury are at an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. One of kidney injury’s most common clinical sequelae is increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In recent years, new insights into the pathophysiology of renal damage have been made. Oxidative stress is the imbalance favoring the increased generation of ROS and/or reduced body’s innate antioxidant defense mechanisms and is of pivotal importance, not only in the development and progression of kidney disease but also in understanding the enhanced cardiovascular risk in these patients. This article summarizes and emphasizes the role of oxidative stress in acute kidney injury, various forms of chronic kidney disease, and also in patients on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and after kidney transplant). Additionally, the role of oxidative stress in the development of drug-related nephrotoxicity and also in the development after exposure to various environmental and occupational pollutants is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Balance in Kidney Disease)
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14 pages, 1012 KiB  
Review
Telomere Attrition in Chronic Kidney Diseases
by Tina Levstek and Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030579 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Telomeres are dynamic DNA nucleoprotein structures located at the end of chromosomes where they maintain genomic stability. Due to the end replication problem, telomeres shorten with each cell division. Critically short telomeres trigger cellular senescence, which contributes to various degenerative and age-related diseases, [...] Read more.
Telomeres are dynamic DNA nucleoprotein structures located at the end of chromosomes where they maintain genomic stability. Due to the end replication problem, telomeres shorten with each cell division. Critically short telomeres trigger cellular senescence, which contributes to various degenerative and age-related diseases, including chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Additionally, other factors such as oxidative stress may also contribute to accelerated telomere shortening. Indeed, telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their high guanine content. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of studies examining telomere length (TL) in CKDs to highlight the association between TL and the development and progression of CKDs in humans. We then focus on studies investigating TL in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The mechanisms of the relationship between TL and CKD are not fully understood, but a shorter TL has been associated with decreased kidney function and the progression of nephropathy. Interestingly, telomere lengthening has been observed in some patients in longitudinal studies. Hemodialysis has been shown to accelerate telomere erosion, whereas the uremic milieu is not reversed even in kidney transplantation patients. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the biological significance of telomere attrition in the pathophysiology of kidney disease, which may contribute to the development of new strategies for the management of patients with CKDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Balance in Kidney Disease)
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