Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
8.8
7.0
Journals
Antioxidants
Special Issues
ROS and COVID-19 II
share announcement

ROS and COVID-19 II

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 14977

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Kouretas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
Interests: antioxidant activity; plant phenolics; exercise; functional foods; toxicology; redox nutrition; antioxidant administration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. While in many cases the disease is mild, severe COVID-19 involves a hyper-inflammatory response, commonly called a cytokine storm, which is characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and death. The pulmonary immunity in elderly persons is known to be compromised, with impaired innate and adaptive cellular immune responses and reduced function of the lung itself. While overall innate immune responses may decline with age, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-a, and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein, are elevated in the elderly, maintaining a low level of chronic inflammation. This is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress which drive the sustained levels of inflammation.

Risk factors for severe COVID-19, such as obesity and diabetes, are also associated with oxidative stress. Viral entry into the cytoplasm of the host cells results in interactions that affect cell metabolism and induce oxidative stress responses. For this reason, many aspects of ROS study (nutrition modalities, supplements administration, redox biomarker study, antioxidant involvement, drug–protein interaction, vaccines,  physiology, and/or biochemistry of ROS in COVID-19) are of particular interest and are the focus of the present Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Kouretas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Published Papers (6 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

15 pages, 3404 KiB  
Article
HDL-Related Parameters and COVID-19 Mortality: The Importance of HDL Function
by Julia T. Stadler, Hansjörg Habisch, Florian Prüller, Harald Mangge, Thomas Bärnthaler, Julia Kargl, Anja Pammer, Michael Holzer, Sabine Meissl, Alankrita Rani, Tobias Madl and Gunther Marsche
Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 2009; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12112009 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 974
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, emerged as a global pandemic in late 2019, resulting in significant global public health challenges. The emerging evidence suggests that diminished high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19, beyond inflammation and oxidative [...] Read more.
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, emerged as a global pandemic in late 2019, resulting in significant global public health challenges. The emerging evidence suggests that diminished high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19, beyond inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare the lipoprotein and metabolic profiles of COVID-19-infected patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared the control group and the COVID-19 group using inflammatory markers to ensure that the differences in lipoprotein levels were due to COVID-19 infection. Our analyses revealed supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC), phenylalanine, and HDL-related parameters as key discriminators between COVID-19-positive and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. More specifically, the levels of HDL parameters, including apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), ApoA-II, HDL cholesterol, and HDL phospholipids, were significantly different. These findings underscore the potential impact of HDL-related factors in patients with COVID-19. Significantly, among the HDL-related metrics, the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) displayed the strongest negative association with COVID-19 mortality. CEC is a measure of how well HDL removes cholesterol from cells, which may affect the way SARS-CoV-2 enters cells. In summary, this study validates previously established markers of COVID-19 infection and further highlights the potential significance of HDL functionality in the context of COVID-19 mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS and COVID-19 II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 963 KiB  
Article
How the Competition for Cysteine May Promote Infection of SARS-CoV-2 by Triggering Oxidative Stress
by Annamaria Vernone, Loredana Bergandi, Simone Pernice, Gianpiero Pescarmona and Francesca Silvagno
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020483 - 14 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1842
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 induces a broad range of clinical manifestations. Besides the main receptor, ACE2, other putative receptors and co-receptors have been described and could become genuinely relevant to explain the different tropism manifested by new variants. In this study, we propose a biochemical model [...] Read more.
SARS-CoV-2 induces a broad range of clinical manifestations. Besides the main receptor, ACE2, other putative receptors and co-receptors have been described and could become genuinely relevant to explain the different tropism manifested by new variants. In this study, we propose a biochemical model envisaging the competition for cysteine as a key mechanism promoting the infection and the selection of host receptors. The SARS-CoV-2 infection produces ROS and triggers a massive biosynthesis of proteins rich in cysteine; if this amino acid becomes limiting, glutathione levels are depleted and cannot control oxidative stress. Hence, infection succeeds. A receptor should be recognized as a marker of suitable intracellular conditions, namely the full availability of amino acids except for low cysteine. First, we carried out a comparative investigation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human ACE2. Then, using hierarchical cluster protein analysis, we searched for similarities between all human proteins and spike produced by the latest variant, Omicron BA.1. We found 32 human proteins very close to spike in terms of amino acid content. Most of these potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors have less cysteine than spike. We suggest that these proteins could signal an intracellular shortage of cysteine, predicting a burst of oxidative stress when used as viral entry mediators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS and COVID-19 II)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 668 KiB  
Article
An Interplay between Oxidative Stress (Lactate Dehydrogenase) and Inflammation (Anisocytosis) Mediates COVID-19 Severity Defined by Routine Clinical Markers
by Marta Alonso-Bernáldez, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, Víctor Micó, Andrea Higuera-Gómez, Omar Ramos-Lopez, Lidia Daimiel, Alberto Dávalos, María Martínez-Urbistondo, Víctor Moreno-Torres, Ana Ramirez de Molina, Juan Antonio Vargas and J. Alfredo Martinez
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020234 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2035
Abstract
Viral infections activate the innate immune response and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. They also alter oxidative stress markers, which potentially can have an involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this research was to study the role of the [...] Read more.
Viral infections activate the innate immune response and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. They also alter oxidative stress markers, which potentially can have an involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this research was to study the role of the oxidative stress process assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on the severity of COVID-19 measured by oxygen saturation (SaO2) and the putative interaction with inflammation. The investigation enrolled 1808 patients (mean age of 68 and 60% male) with COVID-19 from the HM Hospitals database. To explore interactions, a regression model and mediation analyses were performed. The patients with lower SaO2 presented lymphopenia and higher values of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio and on the anisocytosis coefficient. The regression model showed an interaction between LDH and anisocytosis, suggesting that high levels of LDH (>544 U/L) and an anisocytosis coefficient higher than 10% can impact SaO2 in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, analysis revealed that LDH mediated 41% (p value = 0.001) of the effect of anisocytosis on SaO2 in this cohort. This investigation revealed that the oxidative stress marker LDH and the interaction with anisocytosis have an important role in the severity of COVID-19 infection and should be considered for the management and treatment of the oxidative phenomena concerning this within a precision medicine strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS and COVID-19 II)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

22 pages, 28870 KiB  
Article
Development of an In Vitro Model of SARS-CoV-Induced Acute Lung Injury for Studying New Therapeutic Approaches
by Yulia A. Shevtsova, Kirill V. Goryunov, Valentina A. Babenko, Irina B. Pevzner, Valentina V. Vtorushina, Evgeniya V. Inviyaeva, Lyubov V. Krechetova, Ljubava D. Zorova, Egor Y. Plotnikov, Dmitry B. Zorov, Gennady T. Sukhikh and Denis N. Silachev
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101910 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
One of the causes of death of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is the induced respiratory failure caused by excessive activation of the immune system, the so-called “cytokine storm”, leading to damage to lung tissue. In vitro models reproducing various stages of the disease [...] Read more.
One of the causes of death of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is the induced respiratory failure caused by excessive activation of the immune system, the so-called “cytokine storm”, leading to damage to lung tissue. In vitro models reproducing various stages of the disease can be used to explore the pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to treating the consequences of a cytokine storm. We have developed an in vitro test system for simulating damage to the pulmonary epithelium as a result of the development of a hyperinflammatory reaction based on the co-cultivation of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 cells) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this model, after 24 h of co-cultivation, a sharp decrease in the rate of proliferation of A549 cells associated with the intrinsic development of oxidative stress and, ultimately, with the induction of PANoptotic death were observed. There was a significant increase in the concentration of 40 cytokines/chemokines in a conditioned medium, including TNF-α, IFN-α, IL-6, and IL-1a, which corresponded to the cytokine profile in patients with severe manifestation of COVID-19. In order to verify the model, the analysis of the anti-inflammatory effects of well-known substances (dexamethasone, LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), polymyxin B), as well as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was carried out. Dexamethasone and polymyxin B restored the proliferative activity of A549 cells and reduced the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. MSC demonstrated an ambivalent effect through stimulated production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that regenerate lung tissue. LPS-RS and EVs showed no significant effect. The developed test system can be used to study molecular and cellular pathological processes and to evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches for the correction of hyperinflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS and COVID-19 II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

35 pages, 4560 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant and Immune-Related Implications of Minerals in COVID-19: A Possibility for Disease Prevention and Management
by Juan M. Toledano, María Puche-Juarez, Jorge Moreno-Fernandez, Julio J. Ochoa and Javier Diaz-Castro
Antioxidants 2023, 12(5), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051104 - 16 May 2023
Viewed by 2641
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic appeared, both governments and the scientific community have focused their efforts on the search for prophylactic and therapeutic alternatives in order to reduce its effects. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been approved and administered, playing a key [...] Read more.
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic appeared, both governments and the scientific community have focused their efforts on the search for prophylactic and therapeutic alternatives in order to reduce its effects. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been approved and administered, playing a key role in the overcoming of this situation. However, they have not reached the whole world population, and several doses will be needed in the future in order to successfully protect individuals. The disease is still here, so other strategies should be explored with the aim of supporting the immune system before and during the infection. An adequate diet is certainly associated with an optimal inflammatory and oxidative stress status, as poor levels of different nutrients could be related to altered immune responses and, consequently, an augmented susceptibility to infections and severe outcomes derived from them. Minerals exert a wide range of immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, which may be useful for fighting this illness. Although they cannot be considered as a definitive therapeutic solution, the available evidence to date, obtained from studies on similar respiratory diseases, might reflect the rationality of deeper investigations of the use of minerals during this pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS and COVID-19 II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

25 pages, 4575 KiB  
Systematic Review
Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (Nrf2) in the Recovery of Long COVID-19 Using Natural Antioxidants: A Systematic Review
by Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Siti Rafa Amirah, Jacko Abiwaqash Harmonis and Emmy Hainida Khairul Ikram
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081551 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4348
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517 million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover immediately without hospitalization. However, several other cases found that patients still experience various symptoms after 3–12 weeks, which is [...] Read more.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517 million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover immediately without hospitalization. However, several other cases found that patients still experience various symptoms after 3–12 weeks, which is known as a long COVID syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and unbind the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), causing inhibition of Nrf2, which has an important role in antioxidant response and redox homeostasis. Disrupting the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway enhances Nrf2 activity, and has been identified as a vital approach for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, natural antioxidants from various sources have been identified as a promising strategy to prevent oxidative stress, which plays a role in reducing the long COVID-19 symptoms. Oxygen-rich natural antioxidant compounds provide an effective Nrf2 activation effect that interact with the conserved amino acid residues in the Keap1-binding pocket, such as Ser602, Ser363, Ser508, and Ser555. In this review, the benefits of various natural antioxidant compounds that can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which is critical in reducing and curing long COVID-19, are highlighted and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ROS and COVID-19 II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-6
Back to TopTop