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Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 8186

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Dr. Pei Wu

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Guest Editor

Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Interests: fish nutrition; antioxidation; intestinal immunity; inflammation; pyroptosis; flesh quality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquaculture plays an important role in providing high-quality food for human beings, the yield of which could be highly improved by intensive aquaculture. However, with the development of intensive aquaculture, the adverse effects of the aquaculture environment's deterioration and feed resource shortage on aquaculture itself are increasingly obvious. It has been proven that the hazardous substances derived from water and food, such as hypoxia, excessive nitrite, heavy metals, herbicide, mycotoxin, anti-nutritional factors, and others, can induce oxidative stress in aquatic animals, while some nutrients and feed additives could relief oxidative stress. However, most of the research is mainly focused on the changes of oxidative damage products, some antioxidant enzymes, and the corresponding gene expressions, while the advanced mechanisms (on the molecular and cellular levels) responsible for the progress of oxidative stress, induced by hazardous substances or relieved by nutrition in aquatic animals, remain largely unresolved. Novel findings in related areas might expand our understanding about oxidative stress in aquatic animals and enable us to find more targets to reduce oxidative stress, subsequently helping to develop a more healthy aquaculture.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to provide original research and review articles that relate to the oxidative stress of aquatic animals. We seek articles in a wide range of fields, such as aquatic animal nutrition, barrier function, and aquatic animal health. We wish for this Special Issue to represent a valued accumulation of new knowledge in this field.

Dr. Pei Wu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

oxidative stress
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum stress
NADPH oxidases
Nrf2
gill
intestine
liver
antioxidants
nutrients
supplements
hazardous materials

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 3433 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DL-Methionyl–DL-Methionine/DL-Methionine Supplementation Alleviated the Adverse Effects of Dietary Low Fishmeal Levels on Growth and Intestinal Health of Micropterus salmoides

by Heng Yu, Karthik Masagounder, Hualiang Liang, Xianping Ge, Dongyu Huang, Chunyu Xue, Mingchun Ren and Juyun He

Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030359 - 18 Mar 2024

Viewed by 718

Abstract

DL-methionyl–DL-methionine (AQUAVI® Met-Met) (Met-Met) (0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, and 0.40%) or DL-methionine (DL-Met) (0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, and 0.40%) were added to a low-fishmeal diet in an attempt to reduce fishmeal in the diet of Micropterus salmoides (M. salmoides). The fish were randomly allocated into ten experimental groups (n = 100), each with 4 replicates of 25 fish (16.39 ± 0.01 g) each. Compared to 25% FM, 0.40% of DL-Met and 0.10% of Met-Met promoted growth, and 0.10% of Met-Met decreased FCR. Compared to 25% FM, the supplementation of Met-Met or DL-Met improved the intestinal antioxidant capacity by upregulating the NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated antioxidant factors and enzyme activities and nuclear factor kappa-B-mediated anti-inflammatory factors while downregulating the pro-inflammatory factors, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, 0.10% of the Met-Met diet affected the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio, increased the levels of Proteobacteria, changed the composition of intestinal flora (Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and unclassified_Oscillospiraceae), and enhanced intestinal dominant bacteria (Caldicoprobacter, Pseudogracilibacillus, and Parasutterella), leading to improved gut health. In summary, the supplementation of DL-Met or Met-Met alleviated the adverse effect of fishmeal reduction (from 40 to 25%) on the growth performance and intestinal health of M. salmoides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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15 pages, 2678 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mulberry Leaf Polysaccharides Attenuate Oxidative Stress Injury in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

by Wenqiang Jiang, Yan Lin, Linjie Qian, Siyue Lu, Huaishun Shen, Xianping Ge and Linghong Miao

Antioxidants 2024, 13(2), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13020136 - 23 Jan 2024

Viewed by 931

Abstract

The present study assessed the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress injury in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of Megalobrama amblycephala. Five treatment groups were established in vitro: the NC group (PBLs incubated in an RPMI-1640 complete medium for 4 h), the HP group (PBLs incubated in an RPMI-1640 complete medium for 3 h, and then stimulated with 100 μM of H₂O₂ for 1 h), and the 50/100/200-MLP pre-treatment groups (PBLs were pre-treated with MLPs (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 3 h, and then stimulated with 100 μM of H₂O₂ for 1 h). The results showed that MLP pre-treatment dose-dependently enhanced PBLs’ antioxidant capacities. The 200 μg/mL MLP pre-treatment effectively protected the antioxidant system of PBLs from H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage by reducing the malondialdehyde content and lactic dehydrogenase cytotoxicity, and increasing catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (p < 0.05). The over-production of reactive oxygen species, depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly inhibited in the 200-MLP pre-treatment group (p < 0.05). The expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (forkhead box O1α (foxO1α), binding immunoglobulin protein (bip), activating transcription factor 6 (atf6), and C/EBP-homologous protein (chop)), Ca²⁺ transport-related genes (voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (vdac1), mitofusin 2 (mfn2), and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (mcu)), and interleukin 6 (il-6) and bcl2-associated x (bax) were significantly lower in the 200-MLP pre-treatment group than in the HP group (p < 0.05), which rebounded to normal levels in the NC group (p > 0.05). These results indicated that MLP pre-treatment attenuated H₂O₂-induced PBL oxidative damage in the M. amblycephala by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintaining mitochondrial function. These findings also support the possibility that MLPs can be exploited as a natural dietary supplement for M. amblycephala, as they protect against oxidative damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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14 pages, 10953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultrastructural, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Responses of Male Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) to Acute Hypoxia Stress

by Yifan Tao, Jixiang Hua, Siqi Lu, Qingchun Wang, Yan Li, Bingjie Jiang, Yalun Dong, Jun Qiang and Pao Xu

Antioxidants 2024, 13(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13010089 - 10 Jan 2024

Viewed by 950

Abstract

Tilapia tolerate hypoxia; thus, they are an excellent model for the study of hypoxic adaptation. In this study, we determined the effect of acute hypoxia stress on the antioxidant capacity, metabolism, and gill/liver ultrastructure of male genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were kept under control (dissolved oxygen (DO): 6.5 mg/L) or hypoxic (DO: 1.0 mg/L) conditions for 72 h. After 2 h of hypoxia stress, antioxidant enzyme activities in the heart and gills decreased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. In contrast, in the liver, antioxidant enzyme activities increased, and the MDA content decreased. From 4 to 24 h of hypoxia stress, the antioxidant enzyme activity increased in the heart but not in the liver and gills. Cytochrome oxidase activity was increased in the heart after 4 to 8 h of hypoxia stress, while that in the gills decreased during the later stages of hypoxia stress. Hypoxia stress resulted in increased Na⁺-K⁺-ATP activity in the heart, as well as hepatic vacuolization and gill lamella elongation. Under hypoxic conditions, male GIFT exhibit dynamic and complementary regulation of antioxidant systems and metabolism in the liver, gills, and heart, with coordinated responses to mitigate hypoxia-induced damage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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19 pages, 5902 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Effects of Acute Salinity Stress on Osmoregulation, Physiological Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Apoptosis in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

by Yakun Wang, Huarong Li, Jie Wei, Kunhao Hong, Qiaoyan Zhou, Xiaoli Liu, Xiaoyou Hong, Wei Li, Chao Liu, Xinping Zhu and Lingyun Yu

Antioxidants 2023, 12(10), 1836; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101836 - 07 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1328

Abstract

Salinity stress can trigger a series of physiological changes. However, the mechanism underlying the response to acute salinity stress in Macrobrachium rosenbergii remains poorly understood. In this study, osmoregulation, physiological metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis were examined over 96 h of acute salinity stress. Hemolymph osmolality increased with increasing salinity. After 48 h of salinity exposure, the glucose, triglycerides, total protein, and total cholesterol contents in two salinity stress groups (13 and 26‰ salinity) were significantly lower than those in the 0‰ salinity group. The highest levels of these parameters were detected at 6 h; however, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were the lowest at 96 h in the 13‰ salinity group. The activity of immunity-related enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AKP) showed a decreasing trend with increasing salinity and remained at a low level in the 26‰ salinity group throughout the experiment. No significant differences were observed in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or lysozyme (LZM) among the three treatments at 96 h. After 96 h of salinity treatments, the gill filament diameter significantly decreased, and a more pronounced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the 13‰ and 26‰ groups compared to that in the 0‰ group. Expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, including Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase 3), Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 8 (Caspase 8), Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), tumor suppressor gene (P53), Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and B cell lymphoma 2 ovarian killer (Bok) were significantly higher in the 26‰ salinity group than in the other groups at 24 h, but lower than those in the 0‰ salinity group at 96 h. Cyt-c and P53 levels exhibited a significantly positive relationship with MDA, AST, and LZM activity during salinity stress. In the 13‰ salinity group, Bok expression was significantly correlated with SOD, T-AOC, AKP, acid phosphatase, and LZM activity, whereas in the 26‰ group, the AST content was positively correlated with Caspase 8, Cyt-c, and P53 expression. A significant negative relationship was observed between Caspase 3 expression and catalase (CAT) activity. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the response to acute salinity stress and will contribute to improving M. rosenbergii aquaculture and management practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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16 pages, 1507 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Inorganic and Organic Pollutants on the Biomarkers’ Response of Cerastoderma edule under Temperature Scenarios

by Andreia F. Mesquita, Fernando J. M. Gonçalves and Ana M. M. Gonçalves

Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1756; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091756 - 13 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 884

Abstract

Currently, there is increased chemical pollution, and climate change is a major concern to scientific, political and social communities globally. Marine systems are very susceptible to changes, and considering the ecological and economic roles of bivalve species, like Cerastoderma edule, studies evaluating the effects of both stressors are of great importance. This study intends to (a) determine the toxicity of copper (Cu) and oxyfluorfen at the lethal level, considering the temperature; (b) assess the changes in the antioxidant defence enzymes as a consequence of the simultaneous exposure to chemical and warming pressures; and (c) determine if lipid peroxidation (LPO) and neurotoxic effects occur after the exposure to chemical and temperature stressors. C. edule was exposed to Cu and oxyfluorfen at different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) for 96 h. The ecotoxicological results reveal a higher tolerance of C. edule to oxyfluorfen than to Cu, regardless of the temperature. The antioxidant defence system revealed efficiency in fighting the chemicals’ action, with no significant changes in the thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) levels to 15 °C and 20 °C. However, a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was observed on the organisms exposed to oxyfluorfen at 20 °C, as well as a decreasing trend on the ones exposed to Cu at this temperature. Moreover, the catalase (CAT) showed a significant increase in the organisms exposed to the two highest concentrations of Cu at 15 °C and in the ones exposed to the highest concentration of oxyfluorfen at 20 °C. Looking at the temperature as a single stressor, the organisms exposed to 25 °C revealed a significant increase in the TBARS level, suggesting potential LPO and explaining the great mortality at this condition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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18 pages, 3263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seasonal Changes in Photoperiod: Effects on Growth and Redox Signaling Patterns in Atlantic Salmon Postsmolts

by Peng Yin, Takaya Saito, Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Björn Thrandur Björnsson, Sofie Charlotte Remø, Tom Johnny Hansen, Sandeep Sharma, Rolf Erik Olsen and Kristin Hamre

Antioxidants 2023, 12(8), 1546; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081546 - 02 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1595

Abstract

Farmed Atlantic salmon reared under natural seasonal changes in sea-cages had an elevated consumption of antioxidants during spring. It is, however, unclear if this response was caused by the increase in day length, temperature, or both. The present study examined redox processes in Atlantic salmon that were reared in indoor tanks at constant temperature (9 °C) under a simulated natural photoperiod. The experiment lasted for 6 months, from vernal to autumnal equinoxes, with the associated increase and subsequent decrease in day length. We found that intracellular antioxidants were depleted, and there was an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and muscle of Atlantic salmon with increasing day length. Antioxidant enzyme activity in liver and muscle and their related gene profiles was also affected, with a distinct upregulation of genes involved in maintaining redox homeostasis, such as peroxiredoxins in the brain in April. This study also revealed a nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress response in muscle and liver, suggesting that fish integrate environmental signals through redox signaling pathways. Furthermore, growth and expression profiles implicated in growth hormone (GH) signaling and cell cycle regulation coincided with stress patterns. The results demonstrate that a change in photoperiod without the concomitant increase in temperature is sufficient to stimulate growth and change the tissue oxidative state in Atlantic salmon during spring and early summer. These findings provide new insights into redox regulation mechanisms underlying the response to the changing photoperiod, and highlight a link between oxidative status and physiological function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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19 pages, 18290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sanguinarine Improves Intestinal Health in Grass Carp Fed High-Fat Diets: Involvement of Antioxidant, Physical and Immune Barrier, and Intestinal Microbiota

by Yong Shi, Yuanxiang Liu, Kai Xie, Junzhi Zhang, Ya Wang, Yi Hu and Lei Zhong

Antioxidants 2023, 12(7), 1366; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071366 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1067

Abstract

An eight-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of sanguinarine supplementation (600 μg and 1200 μg/kg) in high-fat (crude fat: 10%) diets (HF) on the intestinal physiological function of Ctenopharyngodon idellus (initial weight 50.21 ± 0.68 g), based on a basic diet (5% crude fat, CON), which were named HFLS and HFHS, respectively. The results showed that the HF diet significantly impaired the intestinal immune and physical barrier function, and disrupted the balance of the intestinal microbiota in grass carp. Compared to the HF diet, sanguinarine supplementation significantly improved the levels of serum C4, C3, AKP, IgA, and IgM, and enhanced the intestinal antioxidant capacity (gr, CuZnsod, gpx4, cat, gsto, and nrf2 expression were significantly up-regulated). Sanguinarine significantly down-regulated the expression of claudin-15 and up-regulated the expression of claudin-b, claudin-c, occludin, and zo-1 by inhibiting MLCK signaling molecules. Additionally, sanguinarine significantly down-regulated the expression of il-6, il-1β, and tnf-α and up-regulated the expression of il-10, tgf-β2, and tgf-β1 by inhibiting NF-κB signaling molecules, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation caused by HF diets. Furthermore, compared to the HF diet, the abundance of Fusobacterium and Cetobacterium in the HFHS diet increased significantly, while the abundance of Firmicutes and Streptococcus showed the opposite trend. In conclusion, the HF diet had a negative impact on grass carp, while sanguinarine supplementation enhanced intestinal antioxidant ability, alleviated intestinal barrier damage, and ameliorated the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress of Aquatic Animals)

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