Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 52799

Special Issue Editors

Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
Interests: oxidative stress; animal nutrition; energy metabolism; cytokines; natural products
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
Interests: nutrition and metabolism (amino acids); oxidative stress and redox biology; gut microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
Interests: piglets; metabolism; intestine; nutrients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the process of production, especially modern, intensive-scale farming where high quality and high efficiency are pursued, animals are subjected to a series of adverse stimuli, such as bacterial infections, environmental changes, uncomfortable temperature, feed contamination, and improper transportation. These stimuli eventually translate into an imbalance in redox levels in the body, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, induces DNA, membrane, protein, and lipid damage in tissues and cells, eventually leading to growth retardation and a series of systemic diseases. In particular, excessive nutrient consumption can induce lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia and result in oxidative stress. Conversely, numerous natural and/or synthetic antioxidants, such as micronutrients, plant extracts, and probiotics, have been attracting the attention of researchers and nutritionists for their strong antioxidant capacities.

For this Special Issue, we invite researchers to provide original research articles and reviews that highlight natural antioxidants use and basic mechanisms. We aim to collect and stimulate further studies that offer exciting and novel strategies based on dietary interventions for preventing or alleviating oxidative stress and its associated conditions.

Dr. Fengna Li
Prof. Dr. Jie Yin
Dr. Dan Wang
Prof. Dr. Sung Woo Kim
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • reactive oxygen species
  • antioxidant
  • animal nutrition
  • therapeutic strategies

Published Papers (24 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3747 KiB  
Article
Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae Mitigates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Liver Toxicity in Chickens via Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis Interaction Mechanisms
by Shucheng Huang, Luxi Lin, Shiqiong Wang, Wenli Ding, Chaodong Zhang, Aftab Shaukat, Bowen Xu, Ke Yue, Cai Zhang and Fang Liu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040819 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2233
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin that widely occurs in feed and has severe hepatotoxic effects both in humans and animals. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynaria (TFRD), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have multiple biological activities and potential hepatoprotective activity. This study [...] Read more.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin that widely occurs in feed and has severe hepatotoxic effects both in humans and animals. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynaria (TFRD), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, have multiple biological activities and potential hepatoprotective activity. This study investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of TFRD against AFB1-induced liver injury. The results revealed that supplementation with TFRD markedly lessened broiler intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, as well as correcting the changes in gut microbiota and liver damage induced by AFB1. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the alterations in plasma metabolites, especially taurolithocholic acid, were significantly improved by TFRD treatment in AFB1-exposed chickens. In addition, these metabolites were closely associated with [Ruminococcus], ACC, and GPX1, indicating that AFB1 may cause liver injury by inducing bile acid metabolism involving the microbiota–gut–liver axis. We further found that TFRD treatment markedly suppressed oxidative stress and hepatic lipid deposition, increased plasma glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and reversed hepatic ferroptosis gene expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that ferroptosis might contribute to the hepatotoxicity of AFB1-exposed chickens through the microbiota–gut–liver axis interaction mechanisms; furthermore, TFRD was confirmed as an herbal extract that could potentially antagonize mycotoxins detrimental effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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24 pages, 6710 KiB  
Article
The Water Extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Inflammation
by Zhaojie Wang, Qian Jiang, Pingping Li, Panpan Shi, Chao Liu, Wenmao Wang, Ke Huang, Yulong Yin and Peng Huang
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030547 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognized as a significant contributor to the development and progression of inflammation and disruptions in the balance of gut microflora, commonly referred to as intestinal dysbiosis. It is crucial that safe and effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are identified to [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is recognized as a significant contributor to the development and progression of inflammation and disruptions in the balance of gut microflora, commonly referred to as intestinal dysbiosis. It is crucial that safe and effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are identified to address these conditions. Ampelopsis grossedentata, a natural plant abundant in flavonoids and primarily found in southern China, has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties. However, the extent to which flavonoids in A. grossedentata impact intestinal inflammation and alter the composition of the gut microbiome remains to be fully understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential benefits of using A. grossedentata as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in the context of intestinal inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. We first conducted an initial comparison of the effects of dihydromyricetin (DMY), an alcohol extract of A. grossedentata (AEA, 82% total flavonoids), and a water extract of A. grossedentata (WEA, 57% total flavonoids) on the cell viability and intestinal barrier integrity of porcine epithelial cells IPEC-J2. Although the total flavonoid content is much lower in WEA than in AEA, the results show that they have similar effects. Subsequently, the antioxidant properties of WEA were compared with those of commonly utilized antioxidants in vitro. Lastly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of WEA, as well as its impacts on gut microbiota, were evaluated in animal models, including mice and Drosophila. In summary, the results of our study indicate that WEA, due to its antioxidant properties, exhibits a protective effect on the intestinal barrier function in porcine epithelial cell line IPEC-J2. Additionally, WEA demonstrates a positive correlation with DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging rate, FRAP, and reducing power under in vitro settings. Furthermore, WEA was shown to effectively alleviate oxidative stress in animal models by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, as well as by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the duodenum. Additionally, WEA was able to regulate gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting harmful microbes, as well as extending the lifespan of Drosophila. Overall, these findings suggest that WEA may serve as a valuable dietary supplement for addressing oxidative stress and inflammation through its anti-inflammatory and prebiotic effects, which are conferred via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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26 pages, 3435 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Effects between Tannins Extracted from Different Natural Plants on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Flora of Broiler Chickens
by Song Liu, Kaijun Wang, Senzhu Lin, Zhidan Zhang, Ming Cheng, Shanshan Hu, Hongjie Hu, Jun Xiang, Fengming Chen, Gonghe Li and Hongbin Si
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020441 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2189
Abstract
In this study, four plant tannins, including AT (Acacia mearnsii tannin, 68%), CT (Castanea sativa tannin, 60%), QT (Schinopsis lorenzii tannin, 73%) and TT (Caesalpinia spinosa tannin, 50%) were added to broiler diets for 42 days to evaluate and [...] Read more.
In this study, four plant tannins, including AT (Acacia mearnsii tannin, 68%), CT (Castanea sativa tannin, 60%), QT (Schinopsis lorenzii tannin, 73%) and TT (Caesalpinia spinosa tannin, 50%) were added to broiler diets for 42 days to evaluate and compare their effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance and gut microbiota in broilers. The results showed that the supplementation of five tannins could increase the production of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT and reduce the production of MDA in the serum of broilers (p < 0.01), but the antioxidant effect of the AT group was lower than that of the other three groups (p < 0.01). All four tannins decreased the level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01). CT, QT and TT decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01), while AT and CT increased the level of IL-2 in serum (p < 0.01). Supplementation with four tannins also increased the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and sIgA in serum (p < 0.01) and the levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin in the jejunum (p < 0.01). The detection results of ALT and AST showed that CT, QT and TT decreased the concentrations of ALT and AST in serum (p < 0.01). The results of the gut microbiota showed that the abundance of Clostridia and Subdoligranulum increased, and the abundance of Oscillospiraceae decreased, compared to the control group after adding the four tannins to the diets (p > 0.05). In addition, CT, QT and TT decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the abundance of Bacteroides compared to the control group, while AT showed the opposite result (p > 0.05). Overall, our study shows that tannins derived from different plants have their own unique effects on broilers. AT and CT can promote broilers’ growth better than other tannins, CT has the best ability to improve immune and antioxidant properties, and QT and TT have the best effect on broilers’ liver protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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19 pages, 3307 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dietary Supplemented with Mulberry Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Property and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets
by Jiayu Ma, Jian Wang, Xiaoyun Jin, Sujie Liu, Shaofeng Tang, Zhenghua Zhang, Shenfei Long and Xiangshu Piao
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020307 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1978
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to explore the effect of mulberry leaf powder (MP) on the performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant property, as well as intestinal health, of weaned piglets. A total of 120 healthy piglets weighing 8.43 ± 1.91 kg (Duroc × (Landrace [...] Read more.
Background: The study aimed to explore the effect of mulberry leaf powder (MP) on the performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant property, as well as intestinal health, of weaned piglets. A total of 120 healthy piglets weighing 8.43 ± 1.91 kg (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire); weaned at 28 d) were chosen and classified into four treatments with three replicates of 10 piglets each based on a randomized complete block design (barrow:gilt = 1:1). The diet treatments were a corn–soybean meal basal diet added with 0% (Ctrl), 2% (MP_2), 4% (MP_4) and 6% MP (MP_6), respectively. The feeding experiment was 28 days in total. The feeding period lasted for 28 days in total. Results: The diet supplemented with 2% MP had no detrimental effects on the growth performance, immunity, enzyme capacity and inflammatory factors, as well as intestinal barrier function. MP_2 is capable of decreasing the levels of serum D-lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase, enhancing the superoxide dismutase capacity in the liver and diminishing the potential pathogenic bacteria Allisonella in the colon. However, compared with MP_2, MP_6 had unfavorable effects on the average daily gain and average daily feed intake; the concentration of serum non-esterified fatty acids; the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the capacity of lipase and amylase, as well as the intestinal barrier function-related mRNA expression of occludin, claudin-1 and mucin-2 in piglets. Conclusion: Taken together, piglets fed with 2% MP had no adverse effect and was capable of improving the serum metabolites, enhancing the antioxidant capacity (SOD) and lowering the potential pathogenic bacteria of the hindgut (Allisonella). However, the highest concentration of MP (6%) may cause detrimental effects for piglets, which are probably associated with the higher antinutritional factors and fiber. Therefore, the dietary supplementation of 2% MP for piglets may be advisable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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15 pages, 12261 KiB  
Article
Selenium Deficiency-Induced Oxidative Stress Causes Myocardial Injury in Calves by Activating Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis
by Lei Lei, Jing Mu, Yingce Zheng and Yun Liu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020229 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1485
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential for human and animal health, but there have been few studies on the mechanisms of injury in dairy cows with Se deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Se deficiency on myocardial injury in weaned calves. The [...] Read more.
Selenium (Se) is essential for human and animal health, but there have been few studies on the mechanisms of injury in dairy cows with Se deficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Se deficiency on myocardial injury in weaned calves. The Se-D group had significantly lower myocardial Se concentrations than the Se-C group. Histological analysis indicated that Se deficiency induced a large area of necrosis in the myocardium, accompanied by inflammatory changes. Se deficiency significantly decreased the expression of 10 of the 21 selenoprotein genes and increased the expression of SEPHS2. Furthermore, we found that oxidative stress occurred in the Se-D group by detection of redox-related indicators. Additionally, TUNEL staining showed that Se deficiency causes severe apoptosis in the myocardium, which was characterized by activating the exogenous apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Se deficiency also induced necroptosis in the myocardium by upregulating MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3. Moreover, Se-deficient calves have severe inflammation in the myocardium. Se deficiency significantly reduced anti-inflammatory factor levels while increasing pro-inflammatory factor levels. We also found that the NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway were activated in Se-deficient conditions. Our findings suggest that Se deficiency causes myocardial injury in weaned calves by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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14 pages, 299 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Pomegranate Peel with Xylanase on Egg Quality and Antioxidant Parameters in Laying Hens
by Styliani Lioliopoulou, Georgios A. Papadopoulos, Ilias Giannenas, Konstantina Vasilopoulou, Clare Squires, Paschalis Fortomaris and Fani Th. Mantzouridou
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010208 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1788
Abstract
Pomegranate contains bioactive compounds in all its parts. In this study, two levels of pomegranate peel byproduct (PPB) with or without the inclusion of xylanase enzyme were used to supplement laying hens’ diet, in a 2 × 2 full factorial design. A total [...] Read more.
Pomegranate contains bioactive compounds in all its parts. In this study, two levels of pomegranate peel byproduct (PPB) with or without the inclusion of xylanase enzyme were used to supplement laying hens’ diet, in a 2 × 2 full factorial design. A total of 48 Isa brown laying hens were fed the following experimental diets for 8 weeks: T1 (2.5% PPB); T2 (2.5% PPB and xylanase); T3 (5% PPB); T4 (5% PPB and xylanase). Eggs collected were analyzed for egg quality parameters. Moreover, egg yolks were analyzed for Malondialdehyde content (MDA), fatty acid profile and total phenolic content. The T2 eggs showed enhanced yolk coloration and greater yolk total phenolic content. The T3 and T4 egg yolks showed lower MDA levels compared with T1, T2. Overall, results have shown that (a) xylanase inclusion affected egg yolk coloration and total phenolic content when combined with 2.5% PPB dietary supplementation; (b) dietary supplementation of 5% PPB resulted in eggs with reduced MDA levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
15 pages, 2225 KiB  
Article
Discovery of New Triterpenoids Extracted from Camellia oleifera Seed Cake and the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Their Antitumor Activity
by Zelong Wu, Xiaofeng Tan, Junqin Zhou, Jun Yuan, Guliang Yang, Ze Li, Hongxu Long, Yuhang Yi, Chenghao Lv, Chaoxi Zeng and Si Qin
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010007 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1490
Abstract
Theasaponin derivatives, which are reported to exert antitumor activity, have been widely reported to exist in edible plants, including in the seed cake of Camellia oleifera (C.), which is extensively grown in south of China. The purpose of this study was [...] Read more.
Theasaponin derivatives, which are reported to exert antitumor activity, have been widely reported to exist in edible plants, including in the seed cake of Camellia oleifera (C.), which is extensively grown in south of China. The purpose of this study was to isolate new theasaponin derivatives from C. seed cake and explore their potential antitumor activity and their underlying molecular mechanism. In the present study, we first isolated and identified four theasaponin derivatives (compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4) from the total aglycone extract of the seed cake of Camellia oleifera by utilizing a combination of pre-acid-hydrolysis treatment and activity-guided isolation. Among them, compound 1 (C1) and compound 4 (C4) are newly discovered theasaponins that have not been reported before. The structures of these two new compounds were characterized based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as data reported in the literature. Secondly, the cytotoxicity and antitumor property of the above four purified compounds were evaluated in selected typical tumor cell lines, Huh-7, HepG2, Hela, A549, and SGC7901, and the results showed that the ED50 value of C4 ranges from 1.5 to 11.3 µM, which is comparable to that of cisplatinum (CDDP) in these five cell lines, indicating that C4 has the most powerful antitumor activity among them. Finally, a preliminary mechanistic investigation was performed to uncover the molecular mechanism underlying the antitumor property of C4, and the results suggested that C4 may trigger apoptosis through the Bcl-2/Caspase-3 and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, and stimulate cell proliferation via the NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2 pathway. Moreover, it was surprising to find that C4 can inhibit the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which indicates that C4 has the potency to overcome the resistance to cancer drugs. Therefore, C1 and C4 are two newly identified theasaponin derivatives with antitumor activity from the seed cake of Camellia oleifera, and C4 is a promising antitumor candidate not only for its powerful antitumor activity, but also for its ability to function as an Nrf2 inhibitor to enhance the anticancer drug sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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20 pages, 6067 KiB  
Article
Development of Citrus-Based Functional Jelly and an Investigation of Its Anti-Obesity and Antioxidant Properties
by Mingfang Peng, Zhipeng Gao, Yanfang Liao, Jiajing Guo and Yang Shan
Antioxidants 2022, 11(12), 2418; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122418 - 07 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
Intervention with natural products is becoming a promising obesity control strategy as healthy eating becomes increasingly popular. The present study aimed to prepare a citrus-based functional jelly (CFJ) from citrus by-products and investigate its bioactive effects in mice. The results of the CFJ [...] Read more.
Intervention with natural products is becoming a promising obesity control strategy as healthy eating becomes increasingly popular. The present study aimed to prepare a citrus-based functional jelly (CFJ) from citrus by-products and investigate its bioactive effects in mice. The results of the CFJ preparation showed that the optimal formula of CFJ was 29.12%, 20%, and 3.61% for chenpi, orange juice, and pectin, respectively. The optimized CFJ can be personalized and designed with jelly shapes using 3D food printing technology. The evaluation of the biological activity of the CFJ showed that it was low in calories, with a total phenolic content of 12.44 ± 0.26 mg GAE/g. Moreover, the CFJ has a good free radical scavenging ability for ABTS. The results of the mouse experiments showed that the CFJ significantly suppressed the body weight gain and fat deposits with a dose-dependent effect, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the activities of the antioxidant-related enzymes (CAT and SOD) of the mice were also enhanced after a supplementation with the CFJ. In short, the CFJ is a functional snack enriched in phenolic substances with low-calorie, antioxidant and anti-obesity properties. This work promotes the utilization of citrus by-products and the healthy development of its processing industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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16 pages, 1490 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplementation of Silybum marianum Seeds Improved Growth Performance and Upregulated Associated Gene Expression of Muscovy Ducklings (Cairina moschata)
by Osama El-Garhy, Fathia A. Soudy, Yousef M. Alharbi, Fahad A. Alshanbari, Mona S. Almujaydil, Raghad M. Alhomaid, Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Shereen A. Mohamed, Hoda A. S. El-Garhy, Hassan Barakat and Ayman G. EL Nagar
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112300 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1484
Abstract
The effect of feeding on diets supplemented with Silybum marianum L. dry seeds (SMS) on growth performance, mortality percentage, biochemical parameters, the expression profile of related genes, and genotoxic effect in Muscovy ducklings was evaluated during a brooding period of 4 weeks. Two [...] Read more.
The effect of feeding on diets supplemented with Silybum marianum L. dry seeds (SMS) on growth performance, mortality percentage, biochemical parameters, the expression profile of related genes, and genotoxic effect in Muscovy ducklings was evaluated during a brooding period of 4 weeks. Two hundred and forty one-day-old Muscovy ducks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (60 ducklings/group), the first group fed on basal diet with no additives (control), and the second (4 g kg−1), third (8 g kg−1), and fourth (12 g kg−1) groups fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 4, 8, and 12 g kg−1 diet SMS, respectively. A substantial improvement in live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), and growth rate (GR), and a decrease in feed conversion ratios (FCR) and mortality rate were shown in ducks fed a diet supplemented with either 8 g kg−1 or 12 g kg−1 SMS compared to the other groups. Relevant improvements in liver function, oxidative stress markers, purinergic cell energy, and brain appetite were recorded on ducklings fed diets supplemented with SMS. Moreover, diets which included 8 or 12 g kg−1 SMS positively upregulated the expression of growth hormone gene (GH) and antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, and CAT). These results are consistent with the increase in liver activity SOD and CAT enzymes, resulting in less DNA fragmentation. Consequently, all the aforementioned improvements in biochemical parameters and gene expression profiling may explain the superiority of the treated ducklings compared with the control group. Conclusively, the SMS could be used as a natural feed additive to promote health status and improve the growth performance of small grower ducks during the brooding period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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21 pages, 6339 KiB  
Article
Effect of Mulberry Leaf Powder of Varying Levels on Growth Performance, Immuno-Antioxidant Status, Meat Quality and Intestinal Health in Finishing Pigs
by Jiayu Ma, Hong Ma, Sujie Liu, Jian Wang, Hongliang Wang, Jianjun Zang, Shenfei Long and Xiangshu Piao
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112243 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf powder (MP) of varying levels on growth performance, immuno-antioxidant status, meat quality and intestinal health. A total of 120 healthy finishing pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], 72.2 ± [...] Read more.
Background: The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf powder (MP) of varying levels on growth performance, immuno-antioxidant status, meat quality and intestinal health. A total of 120 healthy finishing pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], 72.2 ± 4.8 kg) were selected for this experiment and divided into four treatments, according to randomized complete block design, with three replicates of 10 pigs each (barrow:gilt = 1:1). The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Ctrl, corn-soybean meal basal diet; (2) MP_6: basal diet with 6% MP. (3) MP_9: basal diet with 9% MP; (4) MP_12, basal diet with 12% MP. The whole experiment lasted for 33 days. Results: Compared to the Ctrl, dietary supplementation of 9% MP had no negative effects on growth performance, antioxidative capacity, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and inflammatory factors, carcass trait, the lipid profile and amino acid of muscle or related mRNA expression. MP_6 and MP_12 showed detrimental effects on average daily gain (p < 0.05) and digestibility (p < 0.05) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy. Furthermore, MP_9 could improve (p < 0.05) the level of serum immunoglobulin M, enhance (p < 0.05) the a*24h of meat, up-regulate (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of occludin and Mucin-2, increase (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and decrease (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Campylobacter in the hindgut. Conclusion: Summarizing our study, dietary supplementation of 9% MP had no negative effects on growth performance, antioxidative capacity, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and inflammatory factors, carcass trait, the lipid profile and amino acid of muscle, or related mRNA expression. Furthermore, MP_9 could improve serum immunity, enhance meat quality, up-regulate the mRNA expression related to the mechanical and chemical barriers and enrich the beneficial microbiota of the hindgut. Hence, dietary supplementation of 9% MP in finishing pigs may be advisable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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18 pages, 1921 KiB  
Article
Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via Prevotella Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity
by Qichao Wu, Hewei Chen, Fan Zhang, Weikang Wang, Fengliang Xiong, Yingyi Liu, Liangkang Lv, Wenjuan Li, Yukun Bo and Hongjian Yang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2233; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112233 - 12 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1367
Abstract
Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, [...] Read more.
Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microorganisms of a high-forage substrate (HF, forage:corn meal = 7:3) in the Statistical Analysis System Institute. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production in the LF group were higher when compared with a low-forage substrate (LF, forge hay:corn meal = 3:7), which was analyzed via the use of the MIXED procedure of the HF group, and these increased linearly with the increasing CS supplementation (p < 0.01). With regard to rumen fermentation, the pH and acetate were lower in the LF group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). However, the ammonia N, microbial crude protein, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate in the LF group were greater than those in the HF group (p < 0.05). With the CS supplementation increasing, the pH, ammonia N, acetate, and A:P decreased linearly, while the microbial crude protein, total VFA, and propionate increased linearly (p < 0.01). Greater antioxidant capacity was observed in the LF group, and the increasing CS supplementation linearly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and glutathione reductase, while it decreased the malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). No difference occurred in the ruminal bacteria alpha diversity with the increasing CS supplementation, but it was higher in the LF group than in the HF group (p < 0.01). Based on the rumen bacterial community, a higher proportion of Bacteroidota, instead of Firmicutes, was in the LF group than in the HF group. Furthermore, increasing the CS supplementation linearly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, norank_f_F082, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 under the two substrates (p < 0.05). Prevotella, norank_f_F082, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were positively correlated with gas production, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in a Spearman correlation analysis (r > 0.31, p < 0.05). Overall, a CS supplementation of not less than 20 mg/g based on substrate weight enhanced the rumen fermentation and rumen antioxidant capacity of the fermentation system, and it guided the rumen fermentation towards glucogenic propionate by enriching the Prevotella in Bacteroidetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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18 pages, 17610 KiB  
Article
Development of Intestinal Injury and Restoration of Weaned Piglets under Chronic Immune Stress
by Jiayi Yu, Changbing Zheng, Jie Zheng, Geyan Duan, Qiuping Guo, Peiwen Zhang, Mengliao Wan and Yehui Duan
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2215; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112215 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1413
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic immune stress on intestinal morphology and function, immune system, oxidative status, and mitochondrial function in piglets. Fifty healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (21 ± 2 days old, barrow, 6.98 ± [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic immune stress on intestinal morphology and function, immune system, oxidative status, and mitochondrial function in piglets. Fifty healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (21 ± 2 days old, barrow, 6.98 ± 0.14 kg body weight) were selected and randomly allotted to five groups, which were slaughtered at 0 (0 group), 1, 5, 9, and 15 d of LPS injection. The results showed that compared with the piglets without LPS injection, LPS injection significantly impaired the intestinal morphology and permeability at 1, 5, and 9 d, as manifested by the increased serum lactic acid and decreased ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.05). Moreover, intestinal inflammation and oxidative and mitochondrial injury were caused at 1 d, as manifested by upregulated IL-6 mRNA expression, increased malondialdehyde content, and impaired mitochondrial morphology (p < 0.05). However, these parameters were restored to levels identical to 0 group at 9~15 d, accompanied by significantly increased antioxidant capacity, enhanced protein expression of CD3+ and CD68+, and upregulated mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and functions (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that the intestinal injury of piglets caused by chronic immune stress could be self-repaired. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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17 pages, 3016 KiB  
Article
Identification of Phytogenic Compounds with Antioxidant Action That Protect Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Damage
by Jing Wang, Meixia Chen, Sixin Wang, Xu Chu and Haifeng Ji
Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2134; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112134 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to intestinal dysfunction. Plant extracts can have antioxidant action; however, the specific phytogenic active ingredients and their potential mechanisms are not well known. We screened 845 phytogenic compounds using a porcine epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) oxidative stress model to identify oxidative-stress-alleviating [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress contributes to intestinal dysfunction. Plant extracts can have antioxidant action; however, the specific phytogenic active ingredients and their potential mechanisms are not well known. We screened 845 phytogenic compounds using a porcine epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) oxidative stress model to identify oxidative-stress-alleviating compounds. Calycosin and deoxyshikonin were evaluated for their ability to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress by measuring their effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and antioxidant defense. Nrf2 pathway activation and the effect of Nrf2 knockdown on the antioxidative effects of hit compounds were investigated. Calycosin protected IPEC-J2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage, likely by improving the cellular redox state and upregulating antioxidant defense via the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Deoxyshikonin alleviated the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, ROS production, and MMP reduction, but had no significant effect on MDA accumulation and apoptosis. Nrf2 knockdown did not weaken the effect of deoxyshikonin in improving cell viability, but it weakened its effect in suppressing ROS production. These results indicate that the mechanisms of action of natural compounds differ. The newly identified phytogenic compounds can be developed as novel antioxidant agents to alleviate intestinal oxidative stress in animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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15 pages, 656 KiB  
Article
Phytobiotics from Oregano Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Pigs
by Marcos Elias Duarte and Sung Woo Kim
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102066 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of phytobiotics on the intestinal health and growth performance of pigs. Totals of 40 newly-weaned pigs with 6.4 ± 0.3 kg BW (Exp. 1) and 120 growing pigs with 27.9 ± 2.3 kg BW (Exp. 2) [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of phytobiotics on the intestinal health and growth performance of pigs. Totals of 40 newly-weaned pigs with 6.4 ± 0.3 kg BW (Exp. 1) and 120 growing pigs with 27.9 ± 2.3 kg BW (Exp. 2) were allotted in RCBD in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were: antibiotics as growth promoter (AGP) and phytobiotics (PHY). Pigs were fed experimental diets during 21 d (Exp. 1) and 42 d (Exp. 2). Growth performance, health parameters, and nutrient digestibility were evaluated. In Exp. 1, AGP diet increased (p < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with a diet without AGP or PHY and a diet with AGP combined with PHY. PHY decreased (p < 0.05) TNF-α and IgG in the jejunum and protein carbonyl in plasma, whereas it increased (p < 0.05) the villus height. In Exp. 2, AGP or PHY diets increased (p < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with a diet without AGP or PHY and a diet with AGP combined with PHY. PHY decreased (p < 0.05) IgG and PC in plasma. Collectively, AGP and PHY improved growth performance by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing immune status and jejunal morphology. However, the combinational use of phytobiotics with antibiotics suppressed their effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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17 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
Dietary Stevia Residue Extract Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbial Composition of Weaned Piglets
by Shuai Liu, Yunxia Xiong, Shuting Cao, Xiaolu Wen, Hao Xiao, Yajing Li, Lei Chi, Dongsheng He, Zongyong Jiang and Li Wang
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 2016; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102016 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1916
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet supplementation with stevia residue extract (SRE) on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. A total of 144 weaned piglets (body weight 6.8 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly selected and allocated [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet supplementation with stevia residue extract (SRE) on growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. A total of 144 weaned piglets (body weight 6.8 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly selected and allocated into four treatment groups with six replicates of six pigs/pen. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without SRE or basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg SRE. The results showed that the addition of 200 mg/kg SRE to the diet significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the diarrhea rate of piglets compared with the control group. The supplementation of 400 mg/kg SRE in the diet significantly reduced the piglets’ serum MDA content and significantly increased (p < 0.05) the T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-PX activity in the serum. The dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg SRE significantly increased (p < 0.05) the CAT and GSH-PX activity in the liver. Moreover, the supplementation of 400 mg/kg SRE in the diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae (genus) and Roseburia (genus) beneficial bacteria compared to the control group. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that Prevotella (genus) abundance was positively correlated with liver GSH-PX activity and acetic acid content of colon contents. In conclusion, the supplementation of 400 mg/kg SRE to the diet can improve piglet health by regulating antioxidant reduction homeostasis, which may also be associated with an increase in the relative numbers of potentially beneficial bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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18 pages, 3596 KiB  
Article
Acidifiers Attenuate Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB/MAPK/COX-2 Pathways in IPEC-J2 Cells
by Qinglei Xu, Mingzheng Liu, Xiaohuan Chao, Chunlei Zhang, Huan Yang, Jiahao Chen, Chengxin Zhao and Bo Zhou
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 2002; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102002 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1748
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of acidifiers on intestinal epithelial cells exposure to oxidative stress (OS). IPEC-J2 cells were first pretreated with 5 × 10−5 acidifiers for 4 h before being exposed to the optimal dose [...] Read more.
In this study, we evaluated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of acidifiers on intestinal epithelial cells exposure to oxidative stress (OS). IPEC-J2 cells were first pretreated with 5 × 10−5 acidifiers for 4 h before being exposed to the optimal dose of diquat to induce oxidative stress. The results showed that acidifiers attenuated diquat-induced oxidative stress, which manifests as the improvement of antioxidant capacity and the reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The acidifier treatment decreased cell permeability and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function through enhancing the expression of claudin-1 and occludin in diquat-induced cells. Moreover, acidifier treatment attenuated diquat-induced inflammatory responses, which was confirmed by the decreased secretion and gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-8) and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10). In addition, acidifiers significantly reduced the diquat-induced gene and protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-κB, I-κB-β, ERK1/2, and JNK2, while they increased I-κB-α expression in IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, we discovered that acidifiers promoted epithelial cell proliferation (increased expression of PCNA and CCND1) and inhibited apoptosis (decreased expression of BAX, increased expression of BCL-2). Taken together, these results suggest that acidifiers are potent antioxidants that attenuate diquat-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and maintain cellular barrier integrity by regulating the NF-κB/MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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12 pages, 2710 KiB  
Article
R- Is Superior to S-Form of α-Lipoic Acid in Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Laying Hens
by Qingxiu Liu, Wenxiang Li, Shimeng Huang, Lihong Zhao, Jianyun Zhang, Cheng Ji and Qiugang Ma
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081530 - 05 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
The development of single enantiomers with high efficiency and low toxic activity has become a hot spot for the development and application of drugs and active additives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the application of α-lipoic [...] Read more.
The development of single enantiomers with high efficiency and low toxic activity has become a hot spot for the development and application of drugs and active additives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the application of α-lipoic acid with a different optical rotation to alleviate the inflammation response and oxidative stress induced by oxidized fish oil in laying hens. Sixty-four 124-week-old Peking Red laying hens were randomly allocated to four groups with eight replicates of two birds each. The normal group was fed basal diets supplemented with 1% fresh fish oil (FO), and the oxidative stress model group was constructed with diets supplemented with 1% oxidized fish oil (OFO). The two treatment groups were the S-form of the α-lipoic acid model with 1% oxidized fish oil (OFO + S-LA) and the R-form of the α-lipoic acid model with 1% oxidized fish oil (OFO + R-LA) added at 100 mg/kg, respectively. Herein, these results were evaluated by the breeding performance, immunoglobulin, immune response, estrogen secretion, antioxidant factors of the serum and oviduct, and pathological observation of the uterus part of the oviduct. From the results, diets supplemented with oxidized fish oil can be relatively successful in constructing a model of inflammation and oxidative stress. The OFO group significantly increased the levels of the serum inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and the oxidative factor MDA and decreased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme (T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and CAT) in the oviduct. The addition of both S-LA and R-LA significantly reduced the levels of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ), increased the activity of antioxidant indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and CAT), and decreased the MDA contents in the serum and oviduct. Meanwhile, the supplementation of S-LA and R-LA also mitigated the negative effects of the OFO on the immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM) and serum hormone levels (P and E2). In addition, it was worth noting that the R-LA was significantly more effective than the S-LA in some inflammatory (IL-1β) and antioxidant indices (T-SOD, GSH, and CAT). Above all, both S-LA and R-LA can alleviate the inflammation and oxidative damage caused by oxidative stress in aged laying hens, and R-LA is more effective than S-LA. Thus, these findings will provide basic data for the potential development of α-lipoic acid as a chiral dietary additive for laying hens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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17 pages, 2912 KiB  
Article
Taurine Attenuates Oxidized Fish Oil-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice
by Qiuping Guo, Lingyu Zhang, Yunju Yin, Saiming Gong, Yuhuan Yang, Sisi Chen, Mengmeng Han and Yehui Duan
Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071391 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary taurine on lipid metabolism and liver injury in mice fed a diet high in oxidized fish oil. The ICR mice (six weeks old) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary taurine on lipid metabolism and liver injury in mice fed a diet high in oxidized fish oil. The ICR mice (six weeks old) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed different diets for 10 weeks: control (CON), normal plus 15% fresh fish oil diet (FFO), normal plus 15% oxidized fish oil diet (OFO), or OFO plus 0.6% (TAU1), 0.9% (TAU2) or 1.2% (TAU3) taurine. Compared to the CON group, OFO mice showed increased liver index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum (p < 0.05). In addition, OFO mice had increased cholesterol (CHOL)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and decreased HDL-C/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in serum (p < 0.05) compared with CON mice. Notably, dietary taurine ameliorated the liver index and AST and MDA levels in serum and liver in a more dose-dependent manner than OFO mice. In addition, compared to OFO mice, decreased levels of CHOL and ratio of CHOL/HDL-C and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA in serum were found in TAU3-fed mice. Supplementation with TAU2 and TAU3 increased the relative mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, adipose triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 in liver compared with the OFO group (p < 0.05). Moreover, impaired autophagy flux was detected in mice fed with the OFO diet, and this was prevented by taurine. These findings suggested that dietary taurine might provide a potential therapeutic choice against oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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14 pages, 2372 KiB  
Article
Melatonin Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by H2O2 in Porcine Trophectoderm Cells
by Yawei Fu, Yue Chen, Zhao Jin, Hu Gao, Gang Song, Qian Wang and Kang Xu
Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061047 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1926
Abstract
Placental oxidative stress has been implicated as a main risk factor for placental dysfunction. Alleviation of oxidative stress and enhancement of antioxidant capacity of porcine trophectoderm (PTr2) cells are effective means to maintaining normal placental function. The present study was conducted to evaluate [...] Read more.
Placental oxidative stress has been implicated as a main risk factor for placental dysfunction. Alleviation of oxidative stress and enhancement of antioxidant capacity of porcine trophectoderm (PTr2) cells are effective means to maintaining normal placental function. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin (MT) on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PTr2 cells. Our data revealed that pretreatment with MT could significantly improve the decrease in cell viability induced by H2O2, and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ratio of apoptotic cells. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of untreated versus melatonin-treated PTr2 cells by RNA-seq analysis and found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in the Wnt signaling, TGF-beta signaling and mTOR signaling pathways. Moreover, pretreatment with MT upregulated the antioxidant-related genes such as early growth response3 (EGR3), WAP four-disulfide core domain1 (WFDC1), heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1) and vimentin (VIM). These findings reveal that melatonin protects PTr2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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Review

Jump to: Research

34 pages, 1090 KiB  
Review
Recent Trends on Mitigative Effect of Probiotics on Oxidative-Stress-Induced Gut Dysfunction in Broilers under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge: A Review
by Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna, Nenna Agbai Kalu, Jing Wang, Haijun Zhang, Guanghai Qi, Kai Qiu and Shugeng Wu
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040911 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Gut health includes normal intestinal physiology, complete intestinal epithelial barrier, efficient immune response, sustained inflammatory balance, healthy microbiota, high nutrient absorption efficiency, nutrient metabolism, and energy balance. One of the diseases that causes severe economic losses to farmers is necrotic enteritis, which occurs [...] Read more.
Gut health includes normal intestinal physiology, complete intestinal epithelial barrier, efficient immune response, sustained inflammatory balance, healthy microbiota, high nutrient absorption efficiency, nutrient metabolism, and energy balance. One of the diseases that causes severe economic losses to farmers is necrotic enteritis, which occurs primarily in the gut and is associated with high mortality rate. Necrotic enteritis (NE) primarily damages the intestinal mucosa, thereby inducing intestinal inflammation and high immune response which diverts nutrients and energy needed for growth to response mediated effects. In the era of antibiotic ban, dietary interventions like microbial therapy (probiotics) to reduce inflammation, paracellular permeability, and promote gut homeostasis may be the best way to reduce broiler production losses. The current review highlights the severity effects of NE; intestinal inflammation, gut lesions, alteration of gut microbiota balance, cell apoptosis, reduced growth performance, and death. These negative effects are consequences of; disrupted intestinal barrier function and villi development, altered expression of tight junction proteins and protein structure, increased translocation of endotoxins and excessive stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. We further explored the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate NE challenge and restore the gut integrity of birds under disease stress; synthesis of metabolites and bacteriocins, competitive exclusion of pathogens, upregulation of tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules, increased secretion of intestinal secretory immunoglobulins and enzymes, reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune response and the increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune boost via the modulation of the TLR/NF-ĸ pathway. Furthermore, increased beneficial microbes in the gut microbiome improve nutrient utilization, host immunity, and energy metabolism. Probiotics along with biosecurity measures could mitigate the adverse effects of NE in broiler production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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22 pages, 660 KiB  
Review
Advances in the Application of Phytogenic Extracts as Antioxidants and Their Potential Mechanisms in Ruminants
by Minyu Piao, Yan Tu, Naifeng Zhang, Qiyu Diao and Yanliang Bi
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040879 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1946
Abstract
Under current breeding conditions, multiple stressors are important challenges facing animal husbandry in achieving animal wellbeing. For many years, the use of antibiotics has been a social concern in the livestock industry. With the implementation of the non-antibiotics policy, there is an urgent [...] Read more.
Under current breeding conditions, multiple stressors are important challenges facing animal husbandry in achieving animal wellbeing. For many years, the use of antibiotics has been a social concern in the livestock industry. With the implementation of the non-antibiotics policy, there is an urgent need to find relevant technologies and products to replace antibiotics and to solve the problem of disease prevention during animal growth. Phytogenic extracts have the unique advantages of being natural and extensive sources, having a low residue, and being pollution-free and renewable. They can relieve the various stresses, including oxidative stress, on animals and even control their inflammation by regulating the signaling pathways of proinflammatory cytokines, improving animal immunity, and improving the structure of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby becoming the priority choice for improving animal health. In this study, we reviewed the types of antioxidants commonly used in the livestock industry and their applicable effects on ruminants, as well as the recent research progress on their potential mechanisms of action. This review may provide a reference for further research and for the application of other phytogenic extracts and the elucidation of their precise mechanisms of action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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22 pages, 2566 KiB  
Review
Dietary Strategies for Relieving Stress in Pet Dogs and Cats
by Zhicong Fan, Zhaowei Bian, Hongcan Huang, Tingting Liu, Ruiti Ren, Xiaomin Chen, Xiaohe Zhang, Yingjia Wang, Baichuan Deng and Lingna Zhang
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030545 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6007
Abstract
A variety of physical, emotional, and mental factors can induce a stress response in pet dogs and cats. During this process, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic–adrenal medulla (SAM) axes are activated to produce a series of adaptive short-term reactions to the aversive situations. Meanwhile, [...] Read more.
A variety of physical, emotional, and mental factors can induce a stress response in pet dogs and cats. During this process, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic–adrenal medulla (SAM) axes are activated to produce a series of adaptive short-term reactions to the aversive situations. Meanwhile, oxidative stress is induced where there is an imbalance between the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage is also incorporated in sustained stress response causing a series of chronic problems, such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, immune dysfunction, and development of abnormal behaviors. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of dietary regulation strategies (e.g., antioxidants, anxiolytic agents, and probiotics) on relieving stress in pet dogs and cats are summarized and discussed. We aim to shed light on future studies in the field of pet food and nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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15 pages, 1004 KiB  
Review
Role of Mitophagy in Regulating Intestinal Oxidative Damage
by Xiaobin Wen, Lixin Tang, Ruqing Zhong, Lei Liu, Liang Chen and Hongfu Zhang
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020480 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2363
Abstract
The mitochondrion is also a major site for maintaining redox homeostasis between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging. The quantity, quality, and functional integrity of mitochondria are crucial for regulating intracellular homeostasis and maintaining the normal physiological function of cells. The role [...] Read more.
The mitochondrion is also a major site for maintaining redox homeostasis between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging. The quantity, quality, and functional integrity of mitochondria are crucial for regulating intracellular homeostasis and maintaining the normal physiological function of cells. The role of oxidative stress in human disease is well established, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Oxidative stress could result from an imbalance between ROS and the antioxidative system. Mitochondria are both the main sites of production and the main target of ROS. It is a vicious cycle in which initial ROS-induced mitochondrial damage enhanced ROS production that, in turn, leads to further mitochondrial damage and eventually massive intestinal cell death. Oxidative damage can be significantly mitigated by mitophagy, which clears damaged mitochondria. In this review, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitophagy and oxidative stress and their relationship in some intestinal diseases. We believe the reviews can provide new ideas and a scientific basis for researching antioxidants and preventing diseases related to oxidative damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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22 pages, 2575 KiB  
Review
The Regulatory Effect of Phytochemicals on Chronic Diseases by Targeting Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway
by Wen-Jiang He, Cheng-Hao Lv, Zhong Chen, Meng Shi, Chao-Xi Zeng, De-Xing Hou and Si Qin
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020236 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3119
Abstract
Redox balance is essential to maintain the body’s normal metabolism. Once disrupted, it may lead to various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, aging, etc. Oxidative stress can cause or aggravate a series of pathological processes. Inhibition [...] Read more.
Redox balance is essential to maintain the body’s normal metabolism. Once disrupted, it may lead to various chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, aging, etc. Oxidative stress can cause or aggravate a series of pathological processes. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help to ameliorate these chronic diseases, which have been found to be associated with Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damage, but also directly regulate genes related to the above-mentioned pathological processes to counter the corresponding changes. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases, and many natural phytochemicals have been reported as Nrf2 activators although the defined mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review article focuses on the possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation by natural phytochemicals in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases and the regulation of oxidative stress. Moreover, the current clinical trials of phytochemical-originated drug discovery by targeting the Nrf2-ARE pathway were also summarized; the outcomes or the relationship between phytochemicals and chronic diseases prevention are finally analyzed to propose the future research strategies and prospective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species and Animal Nutrition)
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