Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has always been considered a toxic gas. However, over the last decade, it has emerged as an important cell-signaling molecule capable of regulating diverse physiological processes in all biological systems. In animals, it is involved in processes such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, inflammation, autophagy and cell survival, while in plants plays a significant role in influencing plant growth, modulating disease, and it exhibits protective effects against different stresses, such as oxidative and metallic stresses, tolerance to drought, and osmotic or salt stresses. However, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide must be tightly regulated within cells and tissues to maintain cellular homeostasis and prevent toxicity. In addition, it is involved in regulating important processes, such as stomatal movement, photosynthesis, and autophagy. The persulfidation of protein targets has been described as its primary mechanism of action in both systems. Moreover, crosstalk between persulfidation and H₂S with other regulating molecules, such as hormones, RNS, and ROS, has been widely described. However, how H₂S regulates all these different processes and how persulfidation is achieved in various targets still need to be deciphered. Differentiation between the signaling fate from the metabolic result of H₂S is also an interesting aspect in plants, where, unlike in animal systems, H₂S is generated as an essential nutrient during photosynthetic sulfur assimilation in chloroplasts.

This Special Issue of Antioxidants will focus on studies that highlight recent advances in the mechanism of action of hydrogen sulfide in biology, including the redox regulation of protein and small-molecular-weight thiols, the relationship with sulfur metabolism, and the manner in which H₂S helps plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. This is aids future agricultural sustainability in response to inevitable climatic change, and demonstrates how H₂S signaling may offer novel therapeutic strategies for a range of different disease scenarios in animal pathology.

Dr. Angeles Aroca
Dr. Cecilia Gotor
Guest Editors

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• hydrogen sulfide
• sulfur metabolism
• persulfidation
• biotic and abiotic stresses
• ROS, RNS, RSS