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Antioxidants
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Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols
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Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 8412

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arianna Vignini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Interests: nitric oxide and its metabolism; oxidative stress; diabetes; obesity; eating disorders; neurodegenerative diseases; infertility; functional food; taste sensitivity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Kuna Indians, who reside in an archipelago on the Caribbean Coast of Panama, have very low blood pressure levels, live longer than other Panamanians, and have a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Interestingly, they also consume considerable daily quantities of cocoa-containing beverages, and consequently have a flavonoid intake of approximately 1880 mg (especially flavanols and procyanidins).

Interest in cacao flavonoids as bioactive compounds with potential benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders is growing. Such conditions are strictly related to population ageing, which is increasing, year after year, due to improved health and longevity.

For this Special Issue of Antioxidants, we invite authors to submit their latest research findings or review articles on the role played by the bioactive compounds found in cocoa on human health. We are also interested in articles describing the effects of cocoa flavanol consumption on cognitive function, the metabolic profile, and cancer prevention, as well as the bioavailability and metabolism of selected cocoa bioactive compounds. Research articles may include both in vitro and in vivo studies.

We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Arianna Vignini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cocoa
  • Bioactive compounds
  • Oxidative stress
  • Dysmetabolic and neurodegenerative disease
  • Inflammation
  • Microbiota

Published Papers (4 papers)

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16 pages, 16559 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplementation with a Cocoa–Carob Blend Modulates Gut Microbiota and Prevents Intestinal Oxidative Stress and Barrier Dysfunction in Zucker Diabetic Rats
by Esther García-Díez, María Elvira López-Oliva, Francisco Perez-Vizcaino, Jara Pérez-Jiménez, Sonia Ramos and María Ángeles Martín
Antioxidants 2023, 12(8), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081519 - 29 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
We have recently developed a cocoa–carob blend (CCB) rich in polyphenols with antidiabetic properties. In this study, we investigated whether its benefits could be related to gut health and gut microbiota (GM) composition and the likely phenolic metabolites involved. Zucker diabetic fatty rats [...] Read more.
We have recently developed a cocoa–carob blend (CCB) rich in polyphenols with antidiabetic properties. In this study, we investigated whether its benefits could be related to gut health and gut microbiota (GM) composition and the likely phenolic metabolites involved. Zucker diabetic fatty rats were fed on a standard or a CCB-rich diet for 12 weeks. Intestinal barrier structure and oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed in colonic samples. GM composition and phenolic metabolites were evaluated from feces. The results show that CCB improved mucin and tight-junction proteins and counteracted gut oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating sirtuin-1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels. CCB also modulated the composition of the GM, showing increases in Akkermansia and Bacteroides and decreases in Ruminococcus genera. Correlation analysis strengthened the associations between these genera and improved pathological variables in diabetic animals. Moreover, 12 phenolic metabolites were identified in CCB feces, being2,3-dihydroxybenzoic and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acids significantly associated with increased levels of Akkermansia and Oscillospira genera. Our findings support the potential use of CCB to prevent intestinal damage and dysbiosis in T2D, which would help to delay the progression of this pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols)
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18 pages, 2016 KiB  
Article
Poplar Propolis Improves Insulin Homeostasis in Non-Diabetic Insulin-Resistant Volunteers with Obesity: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial
by Lea Sani, Nicolas Cardinault, Julien Astier, Patrice Darmon and Jean François Landrier
Antioxidants 2023, 12(8), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081481 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1279
Abstract
Propolis, a natural resinous mixture rich in polyphenols, produced by bees from a variety of plant sources, has shown significant therapeutic effects and may prevent the development of certain chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was [...] Read more.
Propolis, a natural resinous mixture rich in polyphenols, produced by bees from a variety of plant sources, has shown significant therapeutic effects and may prevent the development of certain chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with standardized poplar propolis extract powder (PPEP) on insulin homeostasis in non-diabetic insulin-resistant volunteers with obesity. In this randomized, controlled, crossover trial, nine non-diabetic insulin-resistant volunteers with obesity, aged 49 ± 7 years, were subjected to two periods of supplementation (placebo and PPEP) for 3 months. Blood samples and anthropomorphic data were collected at baseline and at the end of each phase of the intervention. PPEP supplementation improved insulin sensitivity by significantly decreasing the percentage of insulin-resistant subjects and the insulin sensitivity Matsuda index (ISI-M). According to this study, supplementation with standardized PPEP for 3 months in non-diabetic insulin-resistant volunteers with obesity led to an improvement in insulin homeostasis by its effect on insulin resistance and secretion. This study suggests that poplar propolis has a preventive effect on the physiopathological mechanisms of T2DM and, therefore, that it can help to prevent the development of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols)
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18 pages, 19432 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Cocoa Bean Shell against Intestinal Damage: An Example of Byproduct Valorization
by Daniela Rossin, Letricia Barbosa-Pereira, Noemi Iaia, Barbara Sottero, Alice Costanza Danzero, Giuseppe Poli, Giuseppe Zeppa and Fiorella Biasi
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020280 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3671
Abstract
Background: Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a main byproduct of cocoa processing, represents a source of components such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which have been associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. Therefore, CBS has potential application as a food ingredient. Intestinal mucosa [...] Read more.
Background: Cocoa bean shell (CBS), a main byproduct of cocoa processing, represents a source of components such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which have been associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. Therefore, CBS has potential application as a food ingredient. Intestinal mucosa is exposed to immune and inflammatory responses triggered by dietary agents, such as oxysterols, which derive from cholesterol oxidation and are pro-oxidant compounds able to affect intestinal function. We aimed at investigating the capability of the Forastero cultivar CBS, added or not added to ice cream, to protect against the intestinal barrier damage induced by a dietary oxysterol mixture. Methods: Composition and antioxidant capacity of in vitro digested CBS and CBS-enriched ice cream were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging assay, respectively. CaCo-2 cells differentiated into enterocyte-like monolayer were incubated with 60 µM oxysterol mixture in the presence of CBS formulations. Results: The oxysterol mixture induced tight junction impairment, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 cell release, and oxidative stress-related nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 response Nrf2. Both CBSs protected cells from these adverse effects, probably thanks to their high phenolic content. CBS-enriched ice cream showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Theobromine, which is in high concentrations of CBS, was also tested. Although theobromine exerted no effect on Nrf2 expression, its anti-inflammatory cooperating activity in CBS effect cannot be excluded. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CBS-enriched ice cream may be effective in the prevention of gut integrity damage associated with oxidative/inflammatory reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols)
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22 pages, 2470 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effects of Polyphenols on Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
by Gianmaria Salvio, Alessandro Ciarloni, Claudio Gianfelice, Francesca Lacchè, Sofia Sabatelli, Gilberta Giacchetti and Giancarlo Balercia
Antioxidants 2023, 12(10), 1830; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101830 - 05 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1230
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition favored by the postmenopausal decline in estrogen levels and worsened by oxidative stress (OS). Polyphenols are natural compounds abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, and they exert antioxidant and hormonal effects that could be useful in osteoporosis prevention, as [...] Read more.
Osteoporosis is a condition favored by the postmenopausal decline in estrogen levels and worsened by oxidative stress (OS). Polyphenols are natural compounds abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, and they exert antioxidant and hormonal effects that could be useful in osteoporosis prevention, as suggested by epidemiological studies showing a lower incidence of fractures in individuals consuming polyphenol-rich diets. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of polyphenols on bone mineral density (BMD, primary endpoint) and bone turnover markers (BTMs, secondary endpoint) in postmenopausal women. Twenty-one randomized control trials (RCTs) were included in our analysis after in-depth search on PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. We found that supplementation with polyphenols for 3–36 months exerted no statically significant effects on BMD measured at lumbar spine (sMD: 0.21, 95% CI [−0.08 to 0.51], p = 0.16), femoral neck (sMD: 0.16, 95% CI [−0.23 to 0.55], p = 0.42), total hip (sMD: 0.05, 95% CI [−0.14 to 0.24], p = 0.61), and whole body (sMD: −0.12, 95% CI [−0.42 to 0.17], p = 0.41). Subgroup analysis based on treatment duration showed no statistical significance, but a significant effect on lumbar BMD emerged when studies with duration of 24 months or greater were analyzed separately. On the other hand, we found a significantly slight increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels (sMD: 1.27, 95% CI [1.13 to 1.42], p < 0.0001) and a decrease in pyridinoline (PD) levels (sMD: −0.58, 95% CI [−0.77 to −0.39], p < 0.0001). High heterogeneity among studies and unclear risk of bias in one third of the included studies emerged. A subgroup analysis showed similar effects for different duration of treatment and models of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner. More robust evidence is needed before recommending the prescription of polyphenols in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols)
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