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Antioxidants
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The State of Antioxidant Science and Technology in the United...
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The State of Antioxidant Science and Technology in the United States in 2021

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 10214

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Reto Asmis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
Interests: redox signaling; protein S-glutathionylation; glutathione-dependent antioxidants; monocytes; macrophages; innate immune system; metabolism; metabolic diseases; atherosclerosis; phytochemicals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have seen a steady increase in the number of publications addressing antioxidants. A PubMed search reveals that in 1990, approximately 5000 articles used the term “antioxidant”. By 2000, that number had more than doubled to over 12,000, growing to 23,000 articles 10 years later. Last year, over 33,000 articles addressed this important topic. What started as the study of antioxidant vitamins has literally exploded into a highly prolific research field with research areas ranging from epidemiology, industrial applications, and food sciences to human health and diseases and novel therapeutics.

This Special Issue will explore the current state of antioxidant research in the United States and take a closer look at cutting-edge research being conducted in the field of antioxidants. We invite contributions from all these areas either as original scientific reports or as reviews.

Prof. Dr. Reto Asmis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

10 pages, 747 KiB  
Review
Antioxidant and Anticancer Functions of Protein Acyltransferase DHHC3
by Chandan Sharma and Martin E. Hemler
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050960 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1976
Abstract
Silencing of DHHC3, an acyltransferase enzyme in the DHHC family, extensively upregulates oxidative stress (OS). Substrates for DHHC3-mediated palmitoylation include several antioxidant proteins and many other redox regulatory proteins. This helps to explain why DHHC3 ablation upregulates OS. DHHC3 also plays a key [...] Read more.
Silencing of DHHC3, an acyltransferase enzyme in the DHHC family, extensively upregulates oxidative stress (OS). Substrates for DHHC3-mediated palmitoylation include several antioxidant proteins and many other redox regulatory proteins. This helps to explain why DHHC3 ablation upregulates OS. DHHC3 also plays a key role in cancer. DHHC3 ablation leads to diminished xenograft growth of multiple cancer cell types, along with diminished metastasis. Furthermore, DHHC3 protein is upregulated on malignant/metastatic cancer samples, and upregulated gene expression correlates with diminished patient survival in several human cancers. Decreased primary tumor growth due to DHHC3 ablation may be partly explained by an elevated OS → senescence → innate immune cell recruitment mechanism. Elevated OS due to DHHC3 ablation may also contribute to adaptive anticancer immunity and impair tumor metastasis. In addition, DHHC3 ablation disrupts antioxidant protection mechanisms, thus enhancing the efficacy of OS-inducing anticancer drugs. A major focus has thus far been on OS regulation by DHHC3. However, remaining to be studied are multiple DHHC3 substrates that may affect tumor behavior independent of OS. Nonetheless, the currently established properties of DHHC3 make it an attractive candidate for therapeutic targeting in situations in which antioxidant protections need to be downmodulated, and also in cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of Antioxidant Science and Technology in the United States in 2021)
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16 pages, 665 KiB  
Review
Connexin Gap Junctions and Hemichannels in Modulating Lens Redox Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Cataractogenesis
by Yumeng Quan, Yu Du, Yuxin Tong, Sumin Gu and Jean X. Jiang
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1374; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091374 - 28 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2460
Abstract
The lens is continuously exposed to oxidative stress insults, such as ultraviolet radiation and other oxidative factors, during the aging process. The lens possesses powerful oxidative stress defense systems to maintain its redox homeostasis, one of which employs connexin channels. Connexins are a [...] Read more.
The lens is continuously exposed to oxidative stress insults, such as ultraviolet radiation and other oxidative factors, during the aging process. The lens possesses powerful oxidative stress defense systems to maintain its redox homeostasis, one of which employs connexin channels. Connexins are a family of proteins that form: (1) Hemichannels that mediate the communication between the intracellular and extracellular environments, and (2) gap junction channels that mediate cell-cell communication between adjacent cells. The avascular lens transports nutrition and metabolites through an extensive network of connexin channels, which allows the passage of small molecules, including antioxidants and oxidized wastes. Oxidative stress-induced post-translational modifications of connexins, in turn, regulates gap junction and hemichannel permeability. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of connexins gap junction channels and hemichannels may induce cataract formation through impaired redox homeostasis. Here, we review the recent advances in the knowledge of connexin channels in lens redox homeostasis and their response to cataract-related oxidative stress by discussing two major aspects: (1) The role of lens connexins and channels in oxidative stress and cataractogenesis, and (2) the impact and underlying mechanism of oxidative stress in regulating connexin channels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of Antioxidant Science and Technology in the United States in 2021)
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24 pages, 1097 KiB  
Review
Ursolic Acid and Related Analogues: Triterpenoids with Broad Health Benefits
by Huynh Nga Nguyen, Sarah L. Ullevig, John D. Short, Luxi Wang, Yong Joo Ahn and Reto Asmis
Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081161 - 21 Jul 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4922
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a well-studied natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in herbs, fruit and a number of traditional Chinese medicinal plants. UA has a broad range of biological activities and numerous potential health benefits. In this review, we summarize the current data on [...] Read more.
Ursolic acid (UA) is a well-studied natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in herbs, fruit and a number of traditional Chinese medicinal plants. UA has a broad range of biological activities and numerous potential health benefits. In this review, we summarize the current data on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of UA and review the literature on the biological activities of UA and its closest analogues in the context of inflammation, metabolic diseases, including liver and kidney diseases, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. We end with a brief overview of UA’s main analogues with a special focus on a newly discovered naturally occurring analogue with intriguing biological properties and potential health benefits, 23-hydroxy ursolic acid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of Antioxidant Science and Technology in the United States in 2021)
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